RU2641552C1 - Coaxial carrier system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: coaxial carrier system comprises a gearbox with two opposite rotation shafts on which rotor hubs are mounted, two swash plates connected to each other and movable in axial direction and kinematically connected with actuating pins of blades and summing lever system of common and differential pitch. The lower swash plate is mounted on a sliding bar and interacts with it and actuating pins of lower propeller through lever walking beams. The lower swash plate and the sliding bar are constantly connected with actuating elements of mechanical drives, which control inputs are connected to signals of trajectory control of helicopter flight from the automatic control system. They are also connected to detachable functionally connected system of rods and levers of hand-operated pilot control.

EFFECT: increased rigidity of control wiring and reduced servicing costs.

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Description

The invention relates to aircraft and can be used in helicopter engineering.

Known coaxial bearing system comprising a gearbox with two opposed rotation shafts, on which rotor hubs are mounted, two axially connected together and movable in the axial direction of the swash plate, kinematically connected with the blades leads, while the blades leads of the upper screw sleeve are connected to the upper swash plate through the rockers mounted on the cradle located above the upper screw bushing, the leads of the blades of the lower screw bushing are connected by rods directly to the lower swashplate , the radii of the leads on the top screw sleeve are smaller than on the lower screw sleeve, the lower swashplate is connected to the common and cyclic pitch control systems via three rods, and the crawler is connected to the differential pitch control of the upper screw by a rod located inside the upper screw shaft ( see RF patent for utility model No. 147490, publ. 10.11.2014).

There is another coaxial bearing system in which there is no such drawback, since the control of the rotors is carried out without the use of rods passing inside the shaft of the upper screw - RF patent for the invention No. 2307766, publ. 10/10/2007

The specified coaxial carrier system is the closest prototype to the proposed technical solution.

This coaxial bearing system, comprising a gearbox with two opposite-rotation shafts, on which are mounted rotor bushes, two interconnected and movable in the axial direction of the swash plate, kinematically connected with the leads of the blades and a summing lever system with a common and differential pitch, is characterized in that main rotor bushings are made of two-bladed with common horizontal hinges, the leads of the blades of the lower screw bush are connected to the lower swashplate through the rockers mounted on a crawler located under the lower screw bushing, and the leads of the blades of the upper screw bushing are connected by rods directly to the upper swashplate, while the radii of the leads on the top screw bushing are made larger than on the lower screw bushing, and the lower swashplate and crawler are kinematically connected to the common control system and a differential step through a summing lever system in which one lever is connected by one shoulder to the differential step control, and the second by a crawler, and the second lever is pivotally fixed first on the ground, coupled with their shoulders to the management of collective pitch and slide the lower swash plate.

The disadvantage of this carrier system is the complexity of the summing linkage system with two rockers, a slider and a crawler, which increases the number of hinges and the distance between the gear housing and the lower screw, and for an unmanned version leads to a decrease in reliability, an increase in the size and weight of the carrier system.

The technical task of the present invention is to increase the reliability of the coaxial bearing system by simplifying the design, increasing the rigidity of the control wiring to the upper screw, reducing the complexity of maintenance by reducing the number of kinematic elements between the upper swash plate and the upper rotor.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a coaxial bearing system containing a gearbox with two opposed rotation shafts, on which are mounted rotor bushes, two interconnected and axially movable swash plates kinematically connected with the leads of the blades and the summing lever system of the general and differential steps, the lower swash plate is mounted on the slider and interacts with it and the levers of the lower screw through the rocking arms, the lower swash plate and the slider are constantly pivotally connected to executive bodies of mechanical drives, the control inputs of which are connected to the trajectory control signals of the helicopter flight from the automatic control system, and for the period of manned testing and optional manned use, they are also connected to a removable functionally connected system of rods and levers for manual flight control. Depending on the design features of a particular carrier system, the radii of the leads on the top screw sleeve are larger than on the lower screw sleeve, or the same with the corresponding programmed compensation of the control system. A removable functionally-connected system of rods and levers for manual flight control can be performed according to any known scheme.

The non-rotating part of the lower swashplate, depending on the design, is connected to three / four actuators of the mechanical drives of the general and cyclic pitch at equally equidistant circumferences, and the slider is connected to the actuator of the mechanical drive of the differential pitch.

In this case, mechanical drives, depending on the dimension of the helicopter, can be made in the form of electric drives with rotary or translational movement of the actuators, as well as hydraulic drives or electric hydraulic drives with rotary or translational movement of the actuators.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which schematically depict:

in FIG. 1 - the proposed coaxial bearing system;

in FIG. 2 is an embodiment of the arrangement of actuators in the form of electric drives with a power output of rotary movement;

in FIG. 3 - a variant of the placement of actuators in the form of hydraulic drives or electrohydraulic drives with a power output of translational movement.

The coaxial bearing system consists of a gearbox 1 with two shafts 2 and 3 of opposite rotation, on which are mounted bushes of the rotors 4 and 5, on which the blades are mounted.

The rotor bushings 4 and 5 can be made of two-blade with common horizontal hinges or multi-blade.

Double-bladed screws are also made without vertical hinges, which greatly simplifies the design of the rotor bushings.

The rotor control system contains two interconnected rods 6 and axially movable swash plates 7 and 8.

The leashes of the blades 9 of the sleeve of the lower screw 4 are connected to the lower swash plate 7 by rods 10, 11 through the rockers 12 mounted on the rotating ring 13 of the slider 14 mounted on the glass 15 of the gearbox 1.

The leads of the blades 16 of the sleeve of the upper screw 5 are connected by rods 17 directly to the upper swash plate 8.

The same gear ratios between the axial joints 18 and 19 of the rotor bushings 4 and 5 and the swash plate 7 and 8 can be ensured either by making the radii of the leads 16 on the top screw sleeve larger than on the leads 9 of the lower screw sleeve, or the corresponding program that controls such so that when giving a common or cyclic step, the change in the installation angles on the upper and lower screws occurs by the same values.

The lower swash plate 7 and the slider 14 are connected to the common and differential pitch control system via a summing linkage system. The system includes a rocker 12, pivoted at one end on a rotating ring 13 of the slider 14, which on the other hand is connected by a lever 20 to the actuator 21 of the differential pitch control mechanism.

The other ends of the rockers 12 are articulated by rods 11 with the outer ring of the lower swash plate 7, and its inner ring 22 is articulated with three or four actuators 23 of the common and cyclic pitch mechanisms.

The outer rings of the swash plate 7 and 8 are connected by splined joints 24 and 25 with the housing of the lower screw 4.

One of the rods 11 is made in the form of a leash capable of transmitting force in the plane of rotation from the outer ring of the lower swash plate 7 to the rocker 12.

The inner ring of the swash plate 8 is connected by a slot-hinge 26 with the shaft 3.

The inner non-rotating ring of the swash plate 7 is connected by a slot-hinge 27 to the housing 1.

During operation, the shafts 2 and 3 of gearbox 1 with the rotors installed on them rotate in different directions, while the outer rings of the swash plate 7 and 8 through the splined joints 24 and 25, and the rocking 12 through the link 11 are connected to the lower rotor and rotate with one way, for example, counterclockwise, and the inner ring of the swash plate 8, being connected by a slot-joint 26 with the shaft 3, rotates with this shaft and the upper rotor in the opposite direction, i.e. clockwise.

Slot-joint 27 prevents the twisting of the power organs 23 of the actuators of the General and cyclic steps around the slider 14.

The overall and / or cyclic step is controlled by axial movements of the swash plate 7 and the slider 14 synchronous with them and / or the tilt of the swash plate by the corresponding movement of three common and cyclic step mechanisms from the helicopter control system by three or four executive bodies 23. In this case, the cyclic change in the installation angles of the lower screw blades 4 is carried out from the swash plate 7 by rods 10 and 11 through the rockers 12. The installation angles on the upper screw 5 from the swash plate 8 are carried out directly by rods 17, and since the gear ratios between the axial joints and automatic machines Since the biases are kinematically or programmatically identical, the cyclic changes in the installation angles at the same azimuths of both screws will be the same.

Differential step control i.e. changing the installation angles (pitch) of the blades is carried out due to the axial movement of the slider 14 by the executive body 21. In this case, the decrease / increase in the installation angle of the blades of the lower screw 4 is automatically compensated by the corresponding increase / decrease in the total step by moving the executive bodies 23 of the common and cyclic step mechanisms connected by their inputs to the signals of trajectory flight control from the automatic control system of the helicopter.

The non-rotating part of the lower swash plate 22, depending on the design of the helicopter, is constantly connected to three or four actuators 23 of the mechanical drives of the common and cyclic steps at equally equidistant circumferences, and the slider is constantly connected to the actuator of the mechanical drive 21 of the differential step.

For the period of manned testing and optional manned use of helicopters with take-off weights of more than 350 ... 400 kg, they are also connected to a removable functionally connected system of rods and levers for manual flight control: rods 28 with a control knob for general and cyclic steps, a step-gas lever, and a thrust 29 (Fig. 2 and 3) with the pedals of the directional control. In this case, the movements of manual piloting bodies in flight through the feedback sensors of the drives in the form of digital trajectory control signals are transmitted to the helicopter's automatic control system for storing and developing typical control laws. For unmanned helicopters with a take-off weight of less than 350 kg, the typical laws for controlling the levels of input signals of mechanisms 21 and 23 are determined by calculation and are specified according to the results of helicopter flight tests on a leash.

Mechanical drives can be made in the form of electric drives with rotary 30 and 31 (Fig. 2) or translational 32 and 33 (Fig. 3) movement of the actuators.

Mechanical drives can also be made in the form of hydraulic drives or electrohydraulic drives with rotary or translational movement of the actuators 32 and 33 (Fig. 3).

According to the invention, the constant software connection of the differential pitch channel actuators to the helicopter flight path control signals from the automatic control system, as well as the kinematic combination of the slider and the slider in a single design, reduces the number of hinges, the diameter of the lower swash plate, the distance between the gear case and the lower screw, and for an unmanned version leads to a decrease in the size and weight of the carrier system.

The proposed coaxial carrier system allows the control system of unmanned and optionally manned helicopters to be simpler and more reliable, and a decrease in the number of structural elements increases the rigidity of control wiring and reduces the maintenance effort.

Claims (4)

1. Coaxial bearing system, comprising a gearbox with two opposite-rotation shafts, on which are mounted rotor bushes, two interconnected and movable in the axial direction of the swash plate, kinematically connected with the leashes of the blades and a summing lever system with a common and differential pitch, the lower swash plate mounted on a slider and interacts with it and the levers of the lower screw through the rocking arms, characterized in that the lower swash plate and the slider are constantly pivotally connected to the enforcement authorities mechanical actuators, the control inputs of which are connected to the signals of the helicopter flight trajectory control by the automatic control system, and the period of a manned and an optional manned mining applications, they are also connected with a removable system operably coupled rods and manual piloting control levers. 2. The coaxial bearing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-rotating part of the lower swashplate is connected to three / four actuators of mechanical drives of a common and cyclic pitch at points equidistant in circumference, and the slider is connected to the actuator of a mechanical drive of a differential pitch. 3. The coaxial supporting system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical drives are made in the form of electric drives with rotary or translational movement of the actuators. 4. The coaxial support system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical drives are made in the form of hydraulic drives or electrohydraulic drives with rotary or translational movement of the actuators.

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