RU2640875C1 - Method for processing of solid milled household and (or) production wastes on biogeochemical plantation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology.

SUBSTANCE: method includes cultivation of plants that assimilate contaminants on the polluted soil of the plantation, processing of the obtained plant products to produce recycled gas and plant food ash elements and repeated works on plants growing and processing of their products until the permissible concentrations of contaminants in the soil are reached. Plants are cultivated in soil, made from solid crushed household and/or industrial waste and laid on top of a layer of waterproofing material. The soil made of waste, where the pollutants concentrations are of allowed values, is removed from the biogeochemical plantation as an environmentally friendly product, and new soil made from unprocessed solid ground household and/or industrial waste is laid on top of a layer of waterproofing material.

EFFECT: method improvement.

8 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to environmental protection, waste management and can be used for the processing of all types of solid household and industrial waste.

A known method of processing solid household and industrial waste by microorganisms in landfills (Forster K.F., Vise D.A. Ecological biotechnology, pp. 144-165, p. 49, L .: Chemistry, 1990). The anaerobic processing stage is performed by anaerobic bacteria. As a result of their vital activity, biogas is formed, which can be used as fuel, water filtered into the soil with contaminants dissolved in it, and sludge, which includes chemical compounds that are not degradable by bacteria, non-volatile bacteria, and their biomass.

The disadvantages of this method include:

- the release into the environment of water filtered into the soil along with pollutants dissolved in it;

- the absence of sludge utilization and an increase in the concentration of pollutants in it due to the release of biogas from the landfill and water filtered into the soil.

The closest to the claimed method is a method of cleaning contaminated soil on a natural biogeochemical plantation by cultivating on it plants assimilating pollutants from the soil (Method for cleaning contaminated areas, Patent No. 2010366). Each plot of the territory where plants are cultivated in order to use the produced plant products is a biogeochemical plantation. In addition to solar energy, the surface air layer, soil with its water, minerals and nutrients, soil bacteria and soil animals participate in the production process, which decompose complex chemical compounds in the soil into soluble compounds that are absorbed by plants. Cultivated plants, assimilating pollutants from the soil, thereby cleanse, process it. The produced plant products are processed according to a known method to produce utilized gas and ash elements of plant food. Work on the cultivation of plants and the processing of their products is repeated until the acceptable concentrations of pollutants in the soil are reached.

The main disadvantage of this method is that it is intended for cleaning, processing soil contaminated by human activity, and is not intended for the processing of its household and industrial waste.

In order to eliminate this drawback in the method of processing solid ground household and (or) industrial waste on a biogeochemical plantation, including cultivating plants that absorb pollutants on contaminated plantation soil, processing produced plant products to produce utilized gas and ash elements of plant food, and repeating the work for the cultivation of plants and the processing of their products to achieve acceptable concentrations of pollutants in the soil, it is proposed:

- cultivate plants on soil made of solid crushed household and (or) industrial waste and laid on top of a layer of waterproofing material;

- soil made of waste, the concentrations of pollutants in which have acceptable values, removed from the biogeochemical plantation as an environmentally friendly product, and on top of the layer of waterproofing material, lay new soil made of unprocessed solid ground household and (or) industrial waste.

In particular cases of application of the method it is proposed:

- storm and irrigation water from the surface of a biogeochemical plantation should be collected in waterproofed reservoirs;

- to irrigate cultivated plants with groundwater, liquid waste and waters from waterproofed reservoirs;

- in the soil made from waste, make the necessary fertilizers and soil microorganisms;

- in the soil made from waste, place the necessary soil animals;

- include in the method anaerobic processing of plant products with obtaining recyclable biogas, water that is used for watering plants, and activated sludge, which can be used as fertilizer on a biogeochemical plantation or burned in a plasma chemical reactor;

- include in the method the drying of the produced plant products, its grinding and subsequent combustion in a plasma-chemical reactor to produce recyclable gas and ash elements of plant food;

- include in the method the chemical separation of pollutants from the ash elements of plant food.

The invention is illustrated by the figure, FIG. one.

FIG. 1 - plan biogeochemical plantations for the processing of solid crushed household and (or) industrial waste and its cross section.

In FIG. 1 adopted the following notation:

1 - biogeochemical plantation in plan, 2 - waterproofing pond, 3 - soil, 4 - soil from waste, 5 - layer of waterproofing material.

A method of processing solid ground household and (or) production waste on a biogeochemical plantation 1, including cultivating plants that absorb pollutants on soil 4 made from solid ground household and (or) production waste and laid on top of layer 5 of waterproofing material, processing made plant production with the production of utilized gas and ash elements of plant food and the repetition of work on cultivating plants and processing their products until acceptable concentrations of pollutants in the soil 4, removal of soil made from waste 4, concentrations of pollutants in which have acceptable values, from a biogeochemical plantation 1 as an environmentally friendly product and laying on top of layer 5 of waterproofing material of new soil 4 made from unprocessed solid crushed household and (or) industrial waste, is intended to bring the entire variety of solid household and industrial waste to one form, the type of plant cultivated on waste s, the processing of which does not pose a threat to the environment and is well-established.

In particular applications, the method includes:

Firstly, the collection of storm and irrigation water from the surface of a biogeochemical plantation 1 into waterproofed reservoirs 2.

Secondly, irrigation of cultivated plants with groundwater, liquid waste and waters from waterproofed reservoirs 2.

Thirdly, the introduction into the soil 4, made from waste, necessary fertilizers and soil microorganisms.

Fourth, placement in soil 4 made from waste material required by soil animals.

Fifth, anaerobic processing of plant products to produce utilized biogas, water used for watering plants, and activated sludge, which is used as fertilizer on a biogeochemical plantation or burned in a plasma chemical reactor.

Sixthly, drying the produced plant products, crushing them and then burning them in a plasma chemical reactor to produce utilized gas and ash elements of plant food.

Seventh, the chemical release of pollutants from the ash elements of plant food.

The collection of storm and irrigation water from the surface of a biogeochemical plantation 1 into waterproofed reservoirs 2 is intended to prevent environmental pollution by these waters.

Watering cultivated plants with groundwater, liquid waste, and water from waterproofing ponds 2 is intended to reduce the need for groundwater during plant cultivation.

The introduction into the soil 4 made from waste, necessary fertilizers and soil microorganisms is intended to increase soil fertility 4.

Placing in soil 4, made from waste, necessary soil animals is also intended to increase soil fertility 4.

Anaerobic processing of plant products with the production of utilized biogas, water used for watering plants, and activated sludge, which is used as fertilizer on a biogeochemical plantation 1 or burned in a plasma chemical reactor, is intended to improve the economy of the waste processing process.

Drying of produced plant products, their grinding and subsequent burning in a plasma chemical reactor to produce utilized gas and ash elements of plant food are also intended to improve the economy of the waste processing process.

Chemical isolation of pollutants from the ash elements of plant food is intended to produce a concentrate of pollutants.

An example of a specific application of the method

Given the amount of waste coming to existing landfills, we can expect that the area of biogeochemical plantations 1 will amount to tens and hundreds of hectares. The soil 4 for plantations can be produced at the current landfills from solid waste, crushed to a particle size of (1-25) mm by mixing mineral and organic fractions. Manufactured soil 4 from landfills can be brought to the plantation, where it will be laid in a layer on top of layer 5 of waterproofing material. Layer 5 may be composed of several layers of different materials, for example concrete, clay, layers of roofing material. Prior to the manufacture of layer 5, it will be advisable to remove a layer of natural fertile soil from the plantation surface and level and compact the soil 3. Between layer 5 and soil layer 4 there may be a sand layer. This will allow the use of heavy agricultural machinery when cultivating plants. The design of the waterproofing layer 5 can be developed when designing a biogeochemical plantation 1. The thickness of the soil layer 4 can be selected by specialists in the cultivation of plants. The cultivation of weedy giant plants such as hogweed seems promising. The grinding of cultivated plant products and its further processing by the method can be performed on mechanisms and structures well known to specialists.

The technical result of the invention is the reduction of the whole variety of household and industrial waste into one form, the type of plants cultivated on waste, the processing of which does not pose a threat to the environment and is fairly well debugged.

Sequence listing

Claims (10)

1. A method of processing solid ground household and (or) production waste on a biogeochemical plantation, including cultivating plants that absorb pollutants on contaminated plantation soil, processing produced plant products to produce utilized gas and ash elements of plant food, and repeating plant cultivation and processing their products to achieve acceptable concentrations of pollutants in the soil, characterized in that: - cultivate plants on soil made of solid crushed household and / or industrial waste and laid on top of a layer of waterproofing material; - soil made of waste, the concentrations of pollutants in which have acceptable values, is removed from the biogeochemical plantation as an environmentally friendly product, and new soil made of unprocessed solid ground household and (or) industrial waste is laid on top of the layer of waterproofing material. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that storm and irrigation water from the surface of the biogeochemical plantation is collected in waterproofing reservoirs. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the cultivated plants are watered with groundwater, liquid waste and waters from waterproofed reservoirs. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the necessary fertilizers and soil microorganisms are added to the soil made from waste. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in the soil made from waste, the necessary soil animals are placed. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it includes anaerobic processing of the produced plant products to produce utilized biogas, water used for watering the plants, and activated sludge, which is used as fertilizer on a biogeochemical plantation or burned in a plasma chemical reactor. 7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it includes drying the produced plant products, crushing them and then burning them in a plasma chemical reactor to produce utilized gas and ash elements of plant food. 8. The method according to PP. 6, 7, characterized in that it includes the chemical release of pollutants from the ash elements of plant food.

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