RU2640610C1 - Rope bolt - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the mining industry and can be used to support the contour of underground mining workings. The rope bolt with the an ampoule of fastening mixture in a hole includes a head of the rope bolt. It is made in form of jaw wedge which has wedge, a spreading jaw and spring rings for holding the jaw. The rope bolt is made of twisted strands consisting of a set of wires. There are also movement limiters, a supporting washer, a coupling with a tension nut, a clamped wedge. The head on the downhole end of the rope bolt is made in the form of a conical screw with self-tapping thread. The head has a gap with the spreading jaw and the wedge held on the opening jaw by spring rings. The spreading jaw has a cylindrical shape with a bevel and a bottom axial hole for fixing the rope. The coupling on the outer surface has a thread and a nut for tightening the rope, and at the end includes holes (grooves) for releasing the ends of strands that do not carry the main load of the rope. The coupling has a channel inside for passing and fastening the rope that repeats the form of the clamping wedge in which a deformation gap is located along the entire length, and a second deformation gap cut perpendicular to the first one on both sides of the conical part. The rope is inserted in the channel. The bearing parts of the rope are inserted into the hole of the clamping wedge which has a conical shape transforming into a cylindrical one. For reliable fastening of the clamping wedge inside the end of the coupling there is a thread on which the bolt of the clamping wedge can be supported after rope tension.

EFFECT: increase the reliability of bolt fastening in the hole and the ends of the rope.

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Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used to fasten the contour of underground mining.

Known tensioner rope anchor [1], which includes a sleeve with an axial channel for attaching a rope, in which a sleeve is placed on the central strand of the rope, and a support nut mounted on the sleeve using a threaded connection. The sleeve has a multidirectional conical surface mated with bases, and is equipped with a channel for passing the central strand of the rope, and the axial channel of the coupling has a surface that repeats the surface of the sleeve. At the same time, the sleeve is provided with a pipe covering the rope at one end and is crimped around the rope in the radial direction, and an elastic sleeve with longitudinal slots in the housing is installed by pressing in from the opposite end of the coupling in the gap between the surface of the axial channel of the coupling and the strands of the rope. Moreover, the sleeve is equipped with a multifaceted head, placed with the possibility of connection with a device for power impact on it and focus on the end face of the coupling.

The drawback of the rope anchor tension device is the complexity of the design of the rope anchorage with the coupling.

Known tensioning device [2], which includes a support sleeve connected in an axial hole with a conical transition from a large diameter to a smaller one with strands of rope through a conical sleeve. The conical sleeve covers the central strand and along the radius, like the counter surface of the coupling, goes into a cylindrical one. The cylindrical part of the sleeve is placed in the cylindrical part of the axial hole of the coupling with the formation of gaps between the strands of the rope at their exit from the end to which the sealant is attached. At the opposite end of the support sleeve, the opposite walls of the axial hole are opened with holes perpendicular to the axial hole with the possibility of placing a quick disconnect plug in them.

The disadvantage is the difficulty of injecting fixing compositions into the borehole through a tensioning device.

Known tensioner rope anchor [3], which includes a sleeve connected to the rope in the axial hole by means of a wedge sleeve. The coupling contains a thread and a nut on the outer surface. An annular groove is made at the end of the coupling with a rope, in which a guide is installed that covers the rope, and at the opposite end the outer surface of the coupling is made in a hexagonal shape.

The disadvantage of this device is the unreliability of the mechanical fastening of the cable anchor.

Known cable anchor [4], including many twisted strands of wire rope, couplings for connecting the ends of the strands of the rope with the shank, supporting elements, the head of the anchor at the bottom of the well. It is made with limiters of the radial movement of the wire strands and places of separation of the contact of the strands of wires, while the limiter of the radial movement is a spiral, which is skipped between them at the places of separation of the contact of the strands of wire ropes and entwines the strands with the possibility of their relative movement. The anchor head has a screw with a screw line opposite the spiral winding.

The rope anchor allows you to increase the steepness of the load characteristics of the anchor, but only in the initial period after fixing.

Known cable anchor [5], which includes a load-carrying rope with an air outlet pipe connected to the sleeve in its axial bore with a sealing pipe connected to it, covering the rope and the air discharge pipe and containing an elastic sleeve of the sealant. An annular groove is made on the pipe from the outside, which is recessed with an additional annular groove with through holes overlapped by a check valve in the form of an elastic sleeve, the external surface of which and the annular groove concentrically covers the external elastic sleeve, the ends of which are crimped by clamps. An hollow sleeve with a plug is additionally placed on the inner side of the sealant pipe at its end in the gap between the rope and the pipe, while the gap between the rope and the sealant pipe at its end is sealed with a jumper covering the outer surfaces of the rope, the additional sleeve, and the exhaust pipe.

The disadvantage is the difficulty of injecting the fixing mixture.

Known rope anchor [6], which consists of twisted strands of wire rope, couplings for connecting the ends of the rope strands, a limiter for the radial movement of wire strands of rope, between which there are sections of the separation of the contacts of the rope strands with rigid inserts. The anchor is made with a limiter for moving the uncured fixing mixture down the annular gap between the anchor and the walls of the hole. In this case, the limiter of movement of the uncured fixing mixture is a sleeve of elastic material, which is worn on the anchor. The outer diameter of the sleeve is taken to be equal to or greater than the diameter of the hole, the diameter of the axial hole of the sleeve is taken to be equal to or less than the diameter of the anchor, and the distance from the sleeve to the bottom of the hole is determined from a mathematical expression.

The disadvantage is the difficulty of checking the strength of the fastening.

Known anchor rod [7], consisting of three ropes, each of which, in turn, consists of several strands twisted together. At the same time, spacers are installed inside the rod along its entire length between the ropes, over which clamps are fixed, pressing the ropes to the struts. A wedge-lock is made on the bottomhole part of the anchor rod. On the tail part of the anchor there is a shank with three cylindrical holes going down to the conical, in which ropes are attached with split wedges, and on the outer surface of the shank there is a thread for the tension nut. A tube for supplying a fastening mixture passes through the center of the shank, and a support washer is located in the upper part of the shank. A side hole is made in the support washer, through which a sealant is supplied and an air exhaust pipe exits, passing also between the ropes of the anchor rod to its upper part. A hemispherical spacer with no internal thread is located between the tension nut and the support washer.

The disadvantage is the complexity of the filing of the fixing composition.

Known cable anchor [8], which consists of a support head, a rope, a sleeve of granular material with a connecting and retaining element inside the well, a coupling for connecting the ends of the wire of the rope with a threaded rod of the shank. The inner conical surface of the coupling interacts with the outer wires of the rope, between which there is a conical sleeve on the central wire with a radial section of the wall. The cable anchor also consists of standard support elements and a support nut outside the well. In this case, the support head is made with an axial hole for the central wire of the rope and longitudinal channels on the outer surface with a depth corresponding to the diameter of the embedded outer wire of the rope, which are fixed behind the support head. The retaining element is made in the form of a circular segment of a helical conical elastic tape spiral diametrically compressed before mounting the anchor using a bracket inserted between the wires of the rope. The disadvantage is the complexity of the technical implementation.

Known cable anchor [9], which includes a load-bearing rod made of a rope, at one end of which there is a lock, and at the other end - a sleeve with a pipe of the sealant and the sealing element mounted on the pipe, covering the rope with an air pipe passed through the gap between the rope and the wall of the pipe of the sealant outside the sealing element with an exit through the window in the side wall of the pipe of the sealant to the outside. The sealing element is made of a set of elastic rings installed in annular hollows on the pipe of the sealant and having an outer diameter greater than 1-5 mm the diameter of the hole, while the bore of the exhaust pipe in communication with the atmosphere is sealed from the cavity of the pipe of the sealant. In front of the first elastic ring, a rigid ring is installed on the pipe of the sealant, having an outer diameter less than the diameter of the borehole.

The disadvantage is the difficulty of sealing the hole.

Known cable anchor [10], which contains the strands of the rope with a lock, a support sleeve with an external thread for the nut and an axial hole with a wedge for fixing the strands of the rope in it. The inner surface of the support sleeve is made of mating cylindrical and conical parts with longitudinal grooves for laying strands of rope in them. The wedge has longitudinal slots in the shape of the strands of rope in contact with them. The anchor is equipped with rigid spacers mounted along the axis of the rope, and above them and between them over the strands of rope are elastic elastic coatings having an external diameter not exceeding the diameter of the well in which the anchor is installed.

The disadvantage is additional manufacturing costs.

Known cable anchor [11], which consists of many wires of the strands of the rope, a coupling for connecting the ends of the wires of the strands of the rope, the limiters of the radial movement of the wires of the strands of the rope. The coupling is threaded to the shaft of the anchor shank, on which the supporting elements and the support nut are placed, and has a conical surface with which the outer wires of the strands of the rope interact, between which the wedge is placed, and the strands of the rope placed in the well formed in the geological structure at intervals between the limiters of the radial movement of the wire strands of the rope are separated by inserts with the possibility of relative movement and bending of the strands of the rope. Separated strands of the rope can be enveloped on the outside by a conical sleeve divided along an axis and provided with an elastic mustache. The wedge can be made in the form of a non-continuous sleeve, covering the central wire of the rope, and have an external conical surface and thread on the contact surfaces with the wire of the rope. A wedge may have depressions matching the profile of the strands of rope covering it.

The disadvantage is the complexity of implementation.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is a rope anchor [12], which includes a load-carrying rope placed in the hole for interaction with the fixing material and the walls of the hole, the tail of which is located in the axial hole of the support sleeve by means of a conical sleeve covering the central strand of the load-carrying cable a surface turning into a cylindrical one located in the cylindrical part of the axial hole of the support sleeve, on the external threaded surface of which the support nut is placed, a sealer in the form of a cylindrical pusher, an elastic sleeve, a plug with a hole for injection of the fixing material and a check valve. It is equipped with a guide tube through which the tail of the load-carrying rope passes, an air exhaust pipe, an assembly nut, a pusher cup, and the guide tube is sealed in the annular groove of the end face of the support sleeve, which supports the pusher cup, which covers the guide tube and supports the end face of the elastic sleeve, with the help of the support nut. placed on the surface of the guide pipe and supported by the opposite end in the end face of the steel sleeve, mounted on the guide pipe, while the central The strand of the load-carrying rope in the guide tube is covered by a tube, on the surface of which the outer strands of the load-carrying rope are placed together with an air exhaust tube, which together with the outer strands of the load-carrying rope covers a conical sleeve and is hermetically passed through the hole in the plug, which is connected to the end of the support sleeve by means of a mounting nut screwed below the support nut, and the hole for injection of the fixing material in the tube from the inside is blocked by the installed between the tube and with a flare-type check valve, and on the outside by means of a tube for injecting the fixing material, it is connected with a quick-disconnect connection, which, in turn, is connected to the discharge sleeve. The hole for the air outlet tube in the tube is made of a conical shape with a threaded part into which a fitting is screwed that supports the sealing ring, in the axial hole of which the end of the air outlet tube and the sting of the plug are connected, with the possibility of blocking the opening of the air outlet tube with a sting.

The disadvantage is the difficulty of injecting a hardening composition.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of securing the ends of the rope and rope anchor in the hole.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the head at the downhole end of the cable anchor is made in the form of a conical screw with a self-tapping thread, has a gap with a bursting cheek and a wedge held on the bursting cheek by spring rings, while the bursting cheek has a cylindrical shape with a bevel and an axial hole from the bottom for fastening the rope, the coupling on the outer surface has a thread and a nut for tensioning the rope, and also at the end there are holes (grooves) for releasing the ends of the strands that do not bear the main load of the rope inside the coupling and there is a channel for the passage and fastening of the rope, repeating the shape of a jamming wedge, in which there is a deformation gap along the entire length, and on both sides of the conical part a second deformation gap cut perpendicular to the first, while the rope is passed into the channel, and the bearing parts of the rope are passed into the hole of the jamming wedge, having a conical shape, turning into a cylindrical one, and for reliable fixing of the jamming wedge inside the end of the coupling there is a thread through which the jamming wedge is supported by the bolt after being tensioned Iya rope.

The essence of the cable anchor is illustrated in the drawing.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the location of the cable anchor in the hole.

The following conventions are adopted in the drawing: 1 - the head of the cable anchor, 2 - the expanding cheek, 3 - the rope of twisted strands consisting of many wires, 4 - the spring rings, 5 - the thrust washer, 6 - the coupling, 7 - the tension nut, 8 - pinch wedge, 9 - hole, 10 - ampoule with fixing mixture, 11 - hexagonal end of the coupling, 12 - hole (groove), 13 - bolt.

The input of the cable anchor 3 into the hole 9, in the bottom part of which the ampoule with the fixing mixture 10 is preliminarily placed, is made by rotating it from the drilling rig.

The self-tapping screw thread of the screw destroys the material of the ampoules 10 and additionally mixes the fixing mixture, which contributes to a stronger and faster fastening of the cable anchor 3 in the hole 9. The head with a conical screw 1 mounted on the expanding cheek of the head 2 of the cable anchor 3, during subsequent rotation after destruction the material of the ampoule 10 and the feed crashes into the massif, while the spring rings 4 of the bursting cheek 2 come out of the grooves, which allows the wedge of the head 1 to fall, choosing a gap, to take the working position and to wedge the cable anchor 3 in the head of the hole additionally mechanically.

The lower end of the cable anchor 3 is mechanically fixed in the sleeve 6, which has a thread and a nut 7 on the outer surface for tensioning the rope 3, and a hexagonal surface 11 at the end, inside the sleeve has a channel for passing and securing the rope, repeating the shape of the pinch wedge 8, and also holes (grooves) 12, where non-load-bearing strands of rope and thread are produced at the end. The rope 3 is fastened by jamming the load-bearing part of the rope with a pinch wedge 8, spreading it with a bolt 13, while the rope is gradually pulled by tightening the tension nut 7 onto the support washer 5 as it is fixed in the hole. The jamming wedge 8 has two deformation gaps: one along the entire length of the wedge and the second on the conical part on both sides perpendicular to the first. When the jamming wedge 8 is spread with a bolt 13, it is fed and then crushed, thereby increasing the reliability of fastening, which is facilitated by the strands of rope released into the holes 12 (grooves).

The technical result is an increase in the reliability of securing the ends of the rope and rope anchor in the hole.

LIST OF USED SOURCES

1. RF patent No. 2418952. Cable anchor tensioner. IPC E21D 21/00. Patent. Anufriev V.E., Invention. Anufriev V.E., Pavlovets A.Ya., Barkovsky V.V. Decl. 07/07/2009. Published: 01/20/2011.

2. RF patent No. 2281398. Cable anchor tensioner. IPC E21D 21/00. Patent. Anufriev V.E. Invention Anufriev V.E. Claim 06/09/2004. Published: 08/10/2006.

3. RF patent No. 2281397. Cable anchor tensioner. IPC E21D 21/00. Patent. Anufriev V.E. Invention Anufriev V.E. Claim 03/26/2004. Published: 08/10/2006.

4. RF patent No. 2202042. Rope anchor. IPC E21D 21/00. Patent. Anufriev V.E. Invention Anufriev V.E. Claim 12/18/2000. Published: 04/10/2003.

5. RF patent No. 2178123. Rope anchor. IPC E21D 21/00. Patent. Anufriev V.E. Invention Anufriev V.E., Pavlovets A.Ya., Grechishkin P.V. Claim 02/26/2008. Published: 06/27/2009.

6. RF patent No. 2407895. Rope anchor. IPC E21D 21/00. Patent. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "St. Petersburg State Mining Institute named after G.V. Plekhanov (Technical University). ” Invention Zubov V.P., Rogachkov A.V., Osminin D.V. Claim 06/22/2009. Published: 12/27/2010.

7. RF patent No. 2505678. Support anchor cable high bearing capacity. IPC E21D 21/00. Patent. Nogih V.R., Nogih S.R. Invention Nogih V.R., Nogih S.R. Claim 06/14/2012. Published: 01/27/2014.

8. RF patent No. 2383739. Rope anchor. IPC E21D 21/00. Patent. State educational institution of higher professional education "Kuzbass State Technical University". Invention Khameleinen V.A., Mayorov A.E., Mayorova A.V. Claim 10/27/2008. Published: 03/10/2010.

9. RF patent No. 2360122. Cable anchor for attaching mine workings. IPC E21D 21/00. Patent. Anufriev V.E. Invention Anufriev V.E. Claim 02/26/2008. Published: 06/27/2009.

10. RF patent No. 2373396. Rope anchor. IPC E21D 21/00. Patent. Anufriev V.E. Invention Anufriev V.E. Claim 06/30/2008. Published: 11/20/2009.

11. RF patent No. 2178082. Rope anchor. IPC E21D 21/00. Patent. Anufriev V.E. Invention Anufriev V.E. Surkov A.V., Frankevich G.S., Stumpf G.G. Claim 08/10/1999. Published: January 10, 2002.

12. RF patent No. 2352784. Rope anchor. IPC E21D 21/00. Patent. Anufriev V.E., Institute of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IUU SB RAS) (RU). Invention Anufriev V.E., Pavlovets A.Ya. Claim 04/26/2007. Published: 04/20/2009.

Claims (1)

A rope anchor with an ampoule of fixing mixture for installation in a borehole, including the head of a rope anchor made in the form of a jaw wedge having a wedge, a bursting cheek and spring rings to hold the cheek, a rope of twisted strands consisting of many wires, limiters of movement of the fixing mixture, supporting a washer, a coupling with a tension nut, a jamming wedge, characterized in that the head at the bottom end of the cable anchor is made in the form of a conical screw with a self-cutting thread, has a gap with a spreading cheek and a wedge, holding mounted on the expanding cheek by spring rings, while the expanding cheek has a cylindrical shape with a bevel and an axial hole for attaching the rope from below, the coupling on the external surface has a thread and a nut for tensioning the rope, and also in the end there are holes (grooves) for discharging the ends of the strands, not bearing the main load of the rope, inside the coupling has a channel for passing and securing the rope, repeating the shape of a jamming wedge, in which there is a deformation gap along the entire length, and on both sides of the conical part there is a second deformation a piece cut perpendicularly to the first one, while a rope is passed into the channel, and its parts are passed into the hole of the jamming wedge having a conical shape turning into a cylindrical one, and for reliable fixing of the jamming wedge, there is a thread inside the end of the coupling that allows bolting of the jamming bolt wedge after rope tension.

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