RU2640273C2 - Heat exchanger of self-contained breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: satisfaction of human life necessities.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to respiratory protection devices, in particular to constituent parts of self-contained self-rescuers with chemically bonded oxygen which are used for emergency short-term respiratory protection in emergency situations connected with the formation of environment unsuitable for breathing. The heat exchanger of the self-contained breathing apparatus comprising a housing with an inlet and an outlet nozzles for attaching to the unit of respiratory apparatus isolation and regenerative canister of the breathing apparatus, a gas-permeable heat-capacious material located in the cavity of the housing between the mentioned nozzles in which the gas-permeable heat-capacious material is made in the form of a cassette containing a central tube and fibrous substrate with a coolant applied on one or both sides, wherein the coolant is a mixture of solid high-molecular hydrocarbons of limit nature, modified by nanomaterial. The substrate can be wound on the central tube, provided with an expiratory valve, in a spiral and a nodeless net can be placed between the layers of the substrate, or it is can made in the form of corrugated ribbon, which corrugations are parallel to the generatrix. External corrugations are fixed on an additional shell, and the internal corrugations are attached to the central tube.EFFECT: increased efficiency of cooling the respiratory gas mixture by reducing the mass-dimensional characteristics and reducing the breathing resistance.8 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to respiratory protection devices, in particular to components of insulating self-rescuers with chemically bound oxygen, which are used in mining, chemical and other industries for emergency short-term respiratory protection in emergency situations associated with the formation of an environment unsuitable for breathing.

During the regeneration of the gas-air mixture (DHW) in the regenerative cartridge of the insulating breathing apparatus, exothermic reactions occur with the release of a significant amount of heat. As a result, the gas-air mixture coming from the regenerative cartridge to the human respiratory system has an elevated temperature and is dehydrated. Hot water supply brings additional stress to the user in an emergency, and can lead to disconnection of the user from the device.

To reduce the temperature of the hot water supply to the respiratory system, heat exchangers are used that are installed in the hot water supply line from the regenerative cartridge to the human respiratory system. As a rule, such devices are made in the form of a hollow body with nozzles in which a heat transfer package is placed. The front part of the respiratory system and the regenerative cartridge of the breathing apparatus are connected to the nozzles. During breathing in the heat exchange package, the inhaled gas-air mixture is cooled and moistened.

An example (analogue) of such devices is a heat exchanger of a breathing apparatus with chemically bound oxygen (ed. St. USSR No. 1342514, IPC А62В 9/00, А62В 7/08, 1984). The heat exchange device of a chemically bound oxygen breathing apparatus includes a cylindrical body, a pipe for supplying exhaled hot water, a pipe for supplying heated regenerated hot water, and a heat transfer package consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic washers and installed in the housing between the air distribution grilles that compress the said washers. The hydrophilic washers are made in the form of wicker children made of fibrous material impregnated with a hygroscopic substance (desiccant), which can be used hygroscopic salts, which form crystalline hydrates, for example, calcium chloride, during the absorption of water vapor. Hydrophobic washers are made of bulk non-woven fabric. The air distribution grilles are perforated and fixed in the housing at a distance from one another less than the height of the package in a free state.

The operation of such a heat exchange device is as follows.

The exhaled DHW, passing through the packet upon exhalation, is dried by sorption of moisture by the hygroscopic substance of the washers. The regenerative cartridge undergoes exothermic reactions. From the cartridge, the DHW heat exchanger enters dry and heated to 70-90 ° C. Passing through the bag in the opposite direction, the inhaled air-gas mixture is moistened and cooled due to the consumption of part of the heat to evaporate moisture from the washers. Part of the heat is spent on heating the package and the casing, which radiates heat into the surrounding space.

Common features of the analogue and the claimed solution are: a heat exchanger of an insulating breathing apparatus, comprising a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles for connecting to the respiratory apparatus isolation unit and the regenerative cartridge of the breathing apparatus, a gas-permeable heat-absorbing material placed in the cavity of the body between these nozzles

The use of a plurality of washers in the bag, which are made in the form of woven nets of fibrous material and of a bulk non-woven fabric, increases breathing resistance, which is explained by the air permeability characteristics of these materials. In addition, the low heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the package washers reduces the efficiency of the heat transfer process in the package.

These shortcomings were partially eliminated in the heat-moisture exchange device of a breathing apparatus with chemically bound oxygen selected as a prototype (RF patent for utility model No. 135518, IPC АВВ 7/08, 2013). In a heat-exchange device of an insulating breathing apparatus, including a hollow body with pipes connecting the front of the respiratory system and a regenerative cartridge of the breathing apparatus, a bag of gas-permeable heat-absorbing material placed in the cavity of the body between the pipes, a bag of gas-permeable heat-resistant material is made of many metal grids installed along the longitudinal axis of the housing with the possibility of dividing the cavity of the housing into two chambers, one of which is connected to the face pipe howling of the respiratory system, and the other with the nozzle of the regenerative cartridge of the respiratory apparatus.

The heat exchange device operates as follows. When exhaling, the exhaled DHW passes through the tampon, cooling and moisturizing it. When inhaling, the air-gas mixture heated and dehydrated in the regenerative cartridge passes through the tampon in the opposite direction. At the same time, the hot water supply is cooled and moistened, spending heat on heating the swab and on the evaporation of moisture.

Common features of the prototype and the claimed solution are: a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles for connection to the respiratory apparatus isolation unit and the regenerative cartridge of the breathing apparatus, a gas-permeable heat-absorbing material placed in the body cavity between the nozzles.

The implementation of a gas-permeable heat-intensive material in the form of a package of a three-dimensional woven wire mesh that fills the entire cavity of the housing and is separated from the nozzles by partitions from a metal mesh has the following disadvantages. DHW in this embodiment passes from one nozzle, which creates dead zones that reduce heat transfer efficiency. And this, in turn, necessitates an increase in the volume of the woven mesh to ensure the operational characteristics of the device, which increases breathing resistance and worsens the overall dimensions of the device.

The objective of the invention is to increase the cooling efficiency of the respiratory gas mixture.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce weight and size characteristics and reduce breathing resistance.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the heat exchanger of the insulating breathing apparatus, comprising a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles for connecting to the respiratory apparatus isolation unit and the regenerative cartridge of the breathing apparatus, a gas-permeable heat-absorbing material placed in the cavity of the body between these nozzles, wherein the gas-permeable heat-resistant material is made in the form of a cartridge containing a central tube and a fibrous substrate with refrigerant deposited on one or both sides, as which is a mixture of solid hydrocarbons of high molecular limiting character, modified nanomaterial.

The substrate can be wound on a central tube in a spiral and a nodal net can be placed between the layers of the substrate.

The substrate can be made in the form of a corrugated tape, in which the corrugations are parallel to the generatrix, and the outer corrugations can be fixed on an additional shell, and the inner ones are adjacent to the central tube.

The central tube may be provided with an exhalation valve.

As the nanomaterial can be used carbon nanostructured material “Taunit”, a mixture of carbon nanotubes of the type “Taunit” or “Taunit-M” in an amount of from 0.5 to 10 wt. %

As the material can be used nanographite (polygraph) in an amount of from 0.2 to 6 wt. %

A mixture of modified tsarafins with different phase transition temperatures can be used as a refrigerant.

As the substrate can be used non-woven polypropylene material "Spanbond" with a density of 17 to 20 g / m ² .

The essential features of the invention are in a causal relationship with the achieved result.

The implementation of a gas-permeable heat-intensive material in the form of a cartridge containing a central tube and a fibrous substrate with a refrigerant deposited on one or both sides, which is used as a mixture of solid high molecular weight hydrocarbons of a limiting nature, modified with nanomaterial, reduces weight and size characteristics and reduces breathing resistance due to:

- ease of assembly of the heat exchange device;

- achieving the constancy of the properties of the heat exchange device - breathing resistance, mass and thermophysical properties;

- the possibility of recycling the constituent elements of a heat exchange device;

- improving reliability by supplying part of the exhaled dhw with 100% humidity to the regenerative cartridge and exceptions in the "dead zones" device.

Winding the substrate on the central tube in a spiral eliminates the destruction of the substrate, which does not withstand small bending radii, and placing a knot-free mesh between the layers of the substrate reduces the overall dimensions and decreases the breathing resistance. Recommended for devices with a long protective time.

The implementation of the substrate can be in the form of a corrugated tape, in which the corrugations are parallel to the generatrix, with the outer corrugations attached to an additional shell and the inner ones adjacent to the central tube, which reduces mass and size characteristics and reduces breathing resistance by eliminating the knotless mesh. Recommended for devices with a short protective time.

The supply of the central tube with the exhalation valve provides an additional increase in reliability due to the faster inclusion of the regenerative cartridge in operation at low temperatures.

As the nanomaterial can be used carbon nanostructured material “Taunit”, a mixture of carbon nanotubes of the type “Taunit” or “Taunit-M” in an amount of from 0.5 to 10 wt. %, which provides a decrease in weight and size characteristics and a decrease in breathing resistance. The use of a mixture of modified paraffins with different phase transition temperatures as a refrigerant provides an increase in the electrical and thermal conductivity of the refrigerant. In this case, the material becomes form-stable and does not flow at the phase transition temperature. It was experimentally established that by varying the ratio of modified paraffins, a temperature difference of up to 40 ° C is provided.

Using as a nanomaterial a mixture of nanotubes of the Taunit or Taunit-M type in an amount of 0.5 to 10 wt. % provides an increase in the thermal conductivity of paraffin from 0.238 W / m ° C before modification to 0.37 W / m ° C after modification.

Use as nanomaterial nanographite (polygraph) in an amount of from 0.2 to 6 wt. % increases the thermal conductivity of paraffin from 0.238 W / m ° C to 0.52 W / m ° C.

Use of Spanbond non-woven polypropylene material as a substrate. density from 17 to 20 g / m ² provides a reduction in weight and size characteristics and a decrease in breathing resistance. With such a density, a reduction in the mass of the device is achieved, the substrate has minimal resistance to breathing and at the same time has sufficient mechanical strength when applying (rubbing) refrigerant. At a higher density, the mass of the substrate increases and its porosity decreases, and at a lower density, it is impossible to apply refrigerant due to the destruction of the substrate.

The following is a detailed description of the invention with reference to the drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 - insulating breathing apparatus with a heat exchange device;

FIG. 2 - heat exchange device of an insulating breathing apparatus, general view;

FIG. 3 - heat transfer cassette, accordion version, top view;

FIG. 4 is the same as in FIG. 2, side section;

FIG. 5 is a side view of fixing a heat-absorbing tape to a shell;

FIG. 6 is the same as in FIG. 4, top view;

FIG. 7 - heat transfer cassette, the option "roll", a top view;

FIG. 8 is the same as in FIG. 6, side section;

FIG. 9 is a cross section of a heat-absorbing tape;

FIG. 10 - device nodeless mesh, top view;

FIG. 11 is the same as in FIG. 9, cross section;

FIG. 12 is a construction of a lock of a shell.

The list of items indicated in the drawings:

1 - regenerative cartridge;

2 - a respiratory bag;

3 - starting device;

4 - node isolation of the respiratory system;

5 - corrugated tube;

6 - heat exchange device;

7 - case;

8 - inlet pipe;

9 - outlet pipe;

10 - gas-permeable heat-resistant material;

11 - cassette;

12 - cassette;

13 - the central tube;

14 - exhalation valve;

15 - substrate;

16 - refrigerant;

17 - knotless mesh;

18 - outer corrugation;

19 - tape (shell);

20 - inner corrugation;

21 - bracket.

An insulating apparatus with a heat exchange device (Fig. 1) contains a regenerative cartridge 1 connected to the breathing bag 2 and provided with a starting device 3. The regenerative cartridge 1 is connected to the respiratory organs isolation unit 4 by a corrugated tube 5, which is connected to the heat exchange device 6. As a unit insulation 4 can serve as a protective mask, half mask or mouthpiece with a nose clip. The heat exchange device 6 (Fig. 2) includes a housing 7, consisting of two identical halves connected by known means with inlet 8 and outlet 9 pipes for connecting to the respiratory isolation unit 4 and the regenerative cartridge 1 of the breathing apparatus, a gas-permeable heat-resistant material 10, placed in the cavity of the housing 7 between the nozzles 8 and 9.

The gas-permeable heat-absorbing material 10 can be made in the form of a cartridge 11 shown in FIG. 3 (first embodiment), or cassette 12 shown in FIG. 7 (second option), each of which contains a central tube 13 equipped with an exhalation valve 14. In both versions, a fibrous substrate 15 is applied with refrigerant 16 applied on one or both sides, using a mixture of solid high molecular weight hydrocarbons of a limiting nature, modified with nanomaterial (Fig. 9). In the cassette 12 (Fig. 7 and 8), the substrate 15 is wound on a central tube 13 in a spiral and a knotless mesh 17 is placed between the layers of the substrate 15.

The substrate 15 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is made in the form of a corrugated tape, in which the outer corrugations 18 are fixed to the additional tape 19 using known devices, and the inner corrugations 20 after folding the tape 19 into the casing are adjacent to the central tube 13, as shown in FIG. 3. The tape 19 is made with bent ends, which are connected during assembly by the bracket 21, as shown in FIG. 12.

As the nanomaterial for the refrigerant 16, the carbon nanostructure material Taunit, a mixture of carbon nanotubes of the Taunit or Taunit-M type in an amount of 0.5 to 10 wt. %, or nanographite (polygraph) in an amount of from 0.2 to 6 wt. %, and a mixture of modified paraffins with different phase transition temperatures is used as a refrigerant. As the substrate 15 is used non-woven polypropylene material "Spanbond" with a density of from 17 to 20 g / m ² .

When using the breathing apparatus for its intended purpose, the heat exchange device operates as follows.

In the event of an emergency, the isolating breathing apparatus is brought into working condition, for which the starting device 3 is turned on, the respiratory isolation unit 4 is put on the user's head. During the operation of the starter, heated oxygen is released, which passes through the regenerative cartridge 1, heating the regenerative product (not shown) and enters the breathing bag 2. When inhaling, the hot water supply again passes from the breathing bag 2 and the regenerative cartridge 1 and enters the heat exchange through the corrugated tube 5 device 6, where it transfers heat to the refrigerant 16 on the substrate 15, forming a gas-permeable heat-consuming material 10, and through the isolation unit of the respiratory organs 4, the cooled DHW is supplied to the user's breath.

When exhaling dhw, having a relative humidity of up to 100% and a temperature of 37 ° C, from the isolation unit of the respiratory organs 4 through the corrugated tube 5 enters the heat exchanger 6, in which it cools the refrigerant 16 and enters through the regenerative cartridge 1 into the breathing bag 2. When passing DHW through regenerative cartridge 1, carbon dioxide is absorbed and the concentration of oxygen absorbed by the user is replenished. This process is accompanied by heat. Therefore, when the DHW moves from the respiratory bag 2 through the regenerative cartridge 1, it is heated. When moving through the heat exchanger 6, part of the heat is absorbed by the refrigerant 16 and DHW with inhalation temperature is comfortable for breathing.

When used in the heat exchanger 6 of the cartridge 12 shown in FIG. 7 and 8, the DHW user exhaled through the inlet pipe 8 enters the cavity of the housing 7, from which part of the flow through the exhalation valve 14 and the central tube 1 is fed through the outlet pipe 9 and the corrugated tube 5 into the regenerative cartridge 1. Most of the DHW flow passes between the layers substrate 15 with a refrigerant 16 deposited on its surface between the longitudinal threads of a knotless mesh 17. In this case, the DHW flow takes part of the heat from the warmer refrigerant 16 and also enters the regenerative cartridge 1, when the DHW passes through which carbon dioxide absorption occurs and the concentration of oxygen absorbed by the user is replenished. The heat transfer efficiency is increased due to the turbulence of the flow on the surface of the refrigerant 16 when the flow interacts with the transverse threads of the knotless network 17. When inhaled, it is heated to 70-90 ° C in the DHW regenerative cartridge 1 and enters the heat exchange device 6 and transfers part of the heat to the refrigerant 16 and through the corrugated tube 5 enters the site of isolation of the respiratory organs 4 to the user's breath with a comfortable temperature for breathing.

When used in the heat exchanger 6 of the cartridge 11 shown in FIG. 3 and 4, the DHW user exhaled through the inlet pipe 8 enters the cavity of the housing 7, from which part of the flow through the exhalation valve 14 and the central tube 1 is fed through the outlet pipe 9 and the corrugated tube 5 into the regenerative cartridge 1. Most of the DHW flow passes between the corrugations substrate 15 with a refrigerant 16 deposited on its surface between the longitudinal threads of a knotless mesh. This option is recommended for breathing apparatus with a relatively short protective time - from 15 to 30 minutes. To assemble the cartridge, a tape 19 is required, to which external corrugations 18 are attached. If a thread is used for fastening, then side cuts are made on the lateral surfaces of the tape 19 to set the thread, as shown in FIG. 5 and 6.

Since insulating breathing apparatus can be used in a wide temperature range, it was necessary to overcome the danger of a regenerative cartridge failing in the cold, when all moisture, without which the regenerative product cannot work, will be frozen on heat-exchanging surfaces. The use of a Central tube 13 with an exhalation valve 14 allows you to provide sufficient humidity for the DHW to run the regenerative cartridge in operation at low temperatures.

The described heat exchange process is constantly repeated when using a breathing apparatus.

The invention provides an increase in the cooling efficiency of the respiratory gas mixture by reducing weight and size characteristics and reducing breathing resistance.

Claims (8)

1. The heat exchange device of the insulating breathing apparatus, comprising a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles for connecting to the respiratory apparatus isolation unit and the regenerative cartridge of the breathing apparatus, a gas-permeable heat-absorbing material placed in the cavity of the body between these nozzles, characterized in that the gas-permeable heat-consuming material is made in the form cartridge containing a Central tube and a fibrous substrate with applied on one or both sides of the refrigerant, which is used as a mixture solid macromolecular hydrocarbons limiting character, modified nanomaterial. 2. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that the substrate is wound on a central tube in a spiral and a knotless mesh is placed between the layers of the substrate. 3. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that the substrate is made in the form of a corrugated tape, in which the corrugations are parallel to the generatrix, with the outer corrugations attached to an additional shell and the inner ones adjacent to the central tube. 4. The heat exchange device according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 2, 3, characterized in that the Central tube is equipped with an exhalation valve. 5. The heat transfer device according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon material is Taunit nanostructured material, a mixture of carbon nanotubes of the type “Taunit” or “Taunit-M” in an amount of from 0.5 to 10 wt. % 6. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material used is nanographite (polygraph) in an amount of from 0.2 to 6 wt. % 7. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that a mixture of modified paraffins with different phase transition temperatures is used as the refrigerant. 8. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-woven polypropylene material "Spanbond" with a density of 17 to 20 g / m ^{2 is} used as a substrate.

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