RU2639140C2 - Plasmatron, radiator and method of radiator manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be applied for plasma-electromagnetic influence on various kinds of material medium located both at close and considerable distances from the radiator. Plasmatron includes coaxially located condenser plates between which the emitter and at least a couple of tubes made of porous permeable ceramic (faience) composition for oxygen and hydrogen supply are located and which are isolated with dielectric refractory composition. Oxygen and hydrogen are supplied into the mixing chamber through the tubes, after which a breakdown of the mixture takes place in the discharge chamber to form a water plasma, which, further is accelerated by the electromagnetic field of the radiator, is linearly radiated into space.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of the device.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to high technology and can be used for plasma-electromagnetic effects on various types of material medium located both at close and significant distances from the emitter.

The Pentagon Railgun is known, which has the ability to accelerate material bodies (missiles) with an electromagnetic field with acceleration up to 2.3 km / s ² , see https://lenta.ru/news/2016/05/29/railgun. It is assumed that Russia does not have the means to destroy missiles flying at such a speed. The drawback of the railgun is a very low efficiency, which is expressed by the fact that a very small fraction of the total spent electromagnetic energy is used to accelerate the material body due to the high speed of the electromagnetic field relative to the speed of the accelerated body.

A plasma emitter is also known, see Russian Patent No. 2578192, the disadvantages of which are that the acceleration of a material body (plasma) starts at zero speed and low density of accelerated electromagnetic energy.

These disadvantages are eliminated by the present invention due to the production of oxygen-hydrogen plasma by continuous combustion of hydrogen. The energy plasma obtained in this way receives acceleration by an electromagnetic field, which occurs from some already existing speed to a speed significantly exceeding the velocity of a projectile accelerated by the Pentagon railgun. In this case, a plasma containing a significant amount of energy continues to increase it due to the energy of the electromagnetic field. Since the electromagnetic field induces a current in the plasma, in addition to what has been said using a conductive continuously emitting plasma in the form of a bundle (wire), it is possible to transmit electromagnetic energy, similar to the energy transmitted by a high-voltage power line, during a short circuit. If the plasma bundle is conventionally divided into parallel conductors, then, with the same directions of current, the conductors are attracted (see X. Kuhling, Handbook of Physics, Moscow, Mir, 1982, p. 349). In addition, radially compressive forces act on the plasma over the entire cross section of its perimeter, some of which are formed by an electric field, and others by a magnetic field. The continuity of plasma replenishment of energy can be ensured both by passing it between the adjacent capacitor plates providing a current load of a constantly charged capacitor, and by a magnetic field formed by the sum of radiating inductors connected in parallel, having right and left windings when one of them turns in the direction of energy emission, see application No. 2017104502, date publ. 04/28/2017, bull. No. 13. The physics of the work of the formation of linear radiation is as follows. The magnetic lines of force of a current conductor are concentric circles. Inside the long coil, the field is uniform. In coaxially arranged parallel connected coils having a different direction of turns, we obtain two electric field intensity vectors directed in different directions. We direct the vectors in the opposite direction by turning the coils 180 degrees. We get the so-called standing waves, i.e. waves that propagate radially along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the coils. When the vectors are aligned in the case of identical frequencies, we get ellipses with different eccentricities (including the straight line and the circle), see X. Kuhling, Physics Manual, Moscow, Mir, 1982, p. 238. This means that the radiated magnetic energy has linear or ellipsoidal shape. As an analogue, we can consider two helicopter helicopters with rotation of the screws in different directions with the vertically lifting force arising from this.

When hydrogen is burned, a significant pressure is formed of the formed hydrogen and oxygen ions (plasma) which receives additional acceleration in space by a directed electromagnetic field, see Russian Patent No. 2599771.

On figa shows a diagram (see also Russian patent No. 2605053 with priority of the invention 06.11.2015) the formation of an electromagnetic field of directional action. It contains two EMF sources E8 and E9, formed, for example, by two secondary transformer coils. Radiating coils Lpr and Lleft, having opposite windings, arranged coaxially and directed so that, according to the rules, the rotor's right form a total magnetic field, the time diagram of which represents ellipsoids, which determines the axial direction of radiation (the Poiting vector along the radiation axis has a constant value on average) . Figure 2b shows a similar emission of magnetic energy in the form of ellipsoids from one voltage source E, while the inductances Lpr and Llev are connected in parallel. In addition, the compaction of the energy of electromagnetic radiation occurs when the electric and magnetic fields are added, see Fig 1. When the direction of the electric field vector from the radiation axis, the density of the total field energy decreases. The density of the total energy of the fields also depends on the absolute values of the total electric and magnetic fields.

In FIG. 1 shows a plasmatron. It contains coaxially arranged capacitor plates 1 and 2, forming a capacitive chamber 10. In the capacitive chamber there is an emitter 5 and a hydrogen and oxygen supply device, which is carried out through the thicknesses of pipes 4 made of porous refractory ceramic (faience) composition, which plays the role of wicks. The pipes 4 inside and outside are insulated with refractory ceramic (faience) composition 3 (see patents No. 2511795 and 2517721). The discharge chamber 7 is separated from the mixing chamber 6 by a heat-resistant partition with valves installed there, which are not conventionally shown.

The operation of the device consists in the fact that when hydrogen and oxygen are injected under pressure into the mixing chamber, an explosive gas is formed there, which, when it enters the discharge chamber, ignites, and the formed plasma under pressure escapes into space, at the same time being additionally accelerated by the magnetic field.

It is known that the efficiency of a transformer can exceed 90%. Therefore, it is proposed that the radiating device be performed on the basis of a transformer. Based on FIG. 2, the following emitter device is proposed. It contains a transformer having a flexible magnetic circuit whose shape is, for example, a toroid made by winding an insulated electrical wire, which is a radiating element. The primary and load radiating inductances of the secondary coils, connected in series or in parallel with the radiating inductances, are made of the same insulated electrical wire. All of the listed elements of the emitter can have both inductive and electrical coupling. The main thing is that design and calculation, taking into account the principle of superposition, achieve the maximum possible linearly directed radiation of electromagnetic energy. In addition, in the presence of positive internal feedback from additional coils, which play the primary role in receiving energy from secondary coils, the magnetic flux turnover of the magnetic circuit increases, which leads to an increase in radiated power. In this case, all the radiating elements of the emitter must have a one-sided direction of the magnetic intensity vectors. Thus, a method of manufacturing an emitter comprising a transformer, radiating inductances and additional coils, which consists in the fact that the magnetic circuit of the transformer, its primary and secondary coils, radiating inductances and additional coils are sequentially wound with an insulated wire of electrical steel. In order to reduce the resistance of the emitter and, as a consequence, increase the current, the secondary coils of the transformer and additional coils can be wound with a copper insulated wire. In order to increase the density of the radiated electromagnetic energy, the magnetic core of the transformer, its primary coil can be connected in parallel to a power source. Due to the fact that the emitter as a whole represents one common inductance, together with the capacitor it can form a parallel or series oscillatory circuit operating in the resonant low-frequency mode, which will undoubtedly increase the efficiency of the device.

The use of the invention in military affairs will make it possible to hit various targets, as in air, space, on earth and in water.

Claims (3)

1. A plasma torch, characterized in that it includes coaxially arranged capacitor plates, between which there is a radiator and at least a pair made of porous permeable ceramic or earthenware composition for supplying oxygen and hydrogen pipes insulated with a dielectric refractory composition, and oxygen and hydrogen are supplied through the pipes into the mixing chamber, after which the mixture breaks down in the discharge chamber with the formation of a water plasma, which, further accelerated by the electromagnetic field, emits eating, linearly radiates into space. 2. The plasma torch according to claim 1, characterized in that the emitter consists of a flexible magnetic circuit, a primary and two secondary coils, the load of which is radiating inductors with opposite windings, in series with which additional coils playing the role of primary are connected, and the magnetic circuit emitting inductances have one-sided the direction of the magnetic tension vectors, and all the elements of the emitter are made of one insulated electrical wire. 3. The plasma torch according to claim 1, characterized in that the emitter further comprises a capacitor forming with it a parallel or sequential oscillatory circuit operating in a low-frequency resonance mode.

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