RU2638902C1 - Device for operation on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: device consists of a two-band polarizer with phase-shifting inhomogeneities providing a phase shift of 90° in both frequency bands, devices for combining two frequency ranges with a function of polarization selection in the lower frequency range and a polarization selector of the upper frequency range, the rectangular arms of which are located at an angle of 90° to each other and are outputs of the device in the upper frequency range, made on the segments of a round waveguide of different cross-section, connected in cascade and coaxially. In this case, a device for combining two frequency ranges, consisting of a central segment of a round waveguide with equal rectangular arms attached to it at an angle of 90° to each other, and at the point of their connection with the central segment of the round waveguide, the same high-frequency band-elimination filters are installed and which are connected to the same rectangular low-frequency waveguides connected to the symmetric arms of the double waveguide tee and a waveguide junction connected to it at the smaller diameter section, which is out-of-limit for low-frequency signals, is connected from the side of a greater diameter section to the output of a two-band polarizer, which input is the input of the device in both frequency ranges, and from the smaller diameter section - to the input of the polarization selector of the upper frequency range. In the device for combining two frequency ranges, the phase-shifting inhomogeneities of the two-band polarizer are located at an angle 0° or 90° to the axes of the rectangular arms of the device for juxtaposing two frequency ranges connected through rectangular low-frequency waveguides with symmetrical arms of one double waveguide tee, both arms E and H of which are device outputs in the lower frequency range, and at an angle of 45° to the axes of the rectangular arms of the polarization selector of the upper frequency range.

EFFECT: simplification of design.

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Description

The invention relates to microwave technology and can be used in satellite communications with polarization signal compression both at satellite earth stations and communication satellites.

There are a large number of devices designed to operate on two orthogonal polarizations in two or more frequency ranges [1-38]. These devices are widely used in modern satellite communications systems, since they can almost double their throughput through the use of polarization signal compression. As orthogonal polarizations, as a rule, two linear orthogonal polarizations or two circular polarizations with the opposite direction of rotation of the electric field vector are used.

Orthogonal linear polarization devices installed at satellite earth stations need additional polarization adjustment when transferring an earth station antenna from one geostationary satellite to another. Devices operating on circular polarizations do not require such a polarization adjustment. Devices operating on circular polarizations can be created on the basis of devices operating on orthogonal linear polarizations by using additional devices that convert linearly polarized waves into circular polarized waves and vice versa. Π / 2 polarizers [3], [5-7], [9-11], [13-19], [22], [26], [28-32], [35] can be used as such polarization converters ], [37-38], septum polarizers (simultaneously performing the functions of a π / 2 polarizer and a polarization selector) [11], [17], [20], [24], [26-30], [34-36 ], waveguide quadrature bridges (with communication along a wide or narrow wall) [5], [10-11], [13-14], [16], [20-21], [32], [34], [ 36-37], double waveguide tees with 90 ° phase shifters [3-4], [8], [19], [27], [34], [38].

In particular, a device for operating on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges can most simply be made on the basis of a device for operating on two linear orthogonal polarizations in two frequency ranges by adding a dual-band π / 2 polarizer installed between the antenna feed and the device for operation on two linear orthogonal polarizations in two frequency ranges.

In the same device, for working on two circular polarizations in one or more frequency ranges, various types of polarization converters are used, for example, device [10] uses a quadrature bridge to convert polarization in the lower frequency range, and to convert polarization in the upper range, π / 2 polarizer.

All of the above devices for working with polarization compaction in two or more frequency ranges have approximately the same electrical characteristics, but have one common drawback - a very complex four-arm central unit, made on a segment of a circular waveguide to which four lateral rectangular waveguides are connected, using which carried out polarization selection of signals of one or more frequency ranges. Various options for the design of the central nodes of these devices are described in [1], [3], [5-6], [9], [11], [15-16], [24-26], [36-37], [39-62].

The closest in design and functionality to the proposed invention is a device for working on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges [6], taken as a prototype, containing a dual-band π / 2 polarizer with phase-shifting inhomogeneities installed in it, a central unit that simultaneously performs frequency selection of signals of the upper and lower frequency ranges and polarization selection of signals of the lower frequency range using four rectangular arms, pairwise interconnected through double waveguide tees, and a polarization selector of the upper frequency range with two rectangular arms (one arm for the selection of one polarization, the other for the selection of the other polarization).

The central node that performs all of the above functions is generally called a device for combining two frequency ranges [41], and in the particular case (if one of the frequency ranges is used only for transmission and the other only for reception), it is called a device for combining reception and transmission [6].

In the prototype device, four rectangular shoulders of the central node are located at an angle of 90 ° to each other, two rectangular shoulders of the polarizing selector of the upper frequency range are also located at an angle of 90 ° to each other. In this case, the rectangular shoulders of both the central node and the polarizing selector of the upper frequency range are located at an angle of 45 ° to the phase-shifting inhomogeneities of the dual-band polarizer.

From the above description of the prototype device, it follows that its main drawback, like all the devices listed above, is the structural complexity due to the presence of a four-arm central unit.

The technical result of the claimed device is to simplify the design of the device for operation on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges.

The technical result is achieved by installing a dual-band polarizer and a polarizing selector of the upper frequency range so that the phase-shifting inhomogeneities of the dual-band polarizer are located at an angle of 0 ° or 90 ° to the axes of the rectangular arms of the central node (not at an angle of 45 °, as in the prototype device!), and the axes of the rectangular shoulders of the central node were located at an angle of 45 ° to the axes of the rectangular shoulders of the polarizing selector of the upper frequency range (not at an angle of 0 ° or 90 °, as in the prototype device Ipe!). Only with such a mutual orientation of the phase-shifting inhomogeneities of the dual-band polarizer and the rectangular arms of the central node and the polarizing selector of the upper frequency range, it is possible to replace the four-arm central unit with a simpler two-arm central unit while maintaining high electrical characteristics for signals of both frequency ranges and both polarizations.

The presence in the inventive device for operating on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges of a two-arm central unit allows, in comparison with the prototype device, to reduce the number of double waveguide tees and connecting waveguides used in it and thus simplify the design of the entire device. The consequences of simplifying the design are to reduce the weight and cost of the device.

In fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 shows the types of the claimed device in isometry and in sections aa and bb.

A device for operating on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges, consisting of a dual-band polarizer with phase-shifting inhomogeneities providing a 90 ° phase shift in both frequency ranges, a device for combining two frequency ranges with a function of polarization selection in the lower frequency range and a polarization selector of the upper frequency range, whose rectangular shoulders are located at an angle of 90 ° to each other and are the outputs of the device in the upper frequency range, made on segments of round of the waveguide of different sections, connected in cascade and coaxially, while the device for combining two frequency ranges, consisting of a central segment of a circular waveguide with identical rectangular arms connected to it at a 90 ° angle to each other, in which they are connected to the central segment of the waveguide of circular cross section, identical high-pass notch filters are installed and which are connected to the same rectangular low-frequency waveguides connected to the symmetrical arms of the double waveguide a tee and a waveguide transition connected to it to a cross section of a smaller diameter, which is prohibitive for signals of the lower frequency range, connected from the side of the cross section of a larger diameter to the output of the dual-band polarizer, the input of which is the input of the device in both frequency ranges, and from the side of the smaller diameter, to the polarization selector of the upper frequency range, while in the device for operation on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges, phase-shifting inhomogeneities of the dual-band the polarizer are located at an angle of 0 ° or 90 ° to the axes of the rectangular arms of the device combining two frequency ranges connected through rectangular waveguides of low frequencies with symmetrical arms of one double waveguide tee, both arms E and H of which are the outputs of the device in the lower frequency range, and at an angle 45 ° to the axes of the rectangular shoulders of the polarizing selector of the upper frequency range.

A device for operating on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges contains:

- dual-band polarizer (1);

- phase shifting inhomogeneities (2);

- a device for combining two frequency ranges (3);

- polarization selector of the upper frequency range (4);

- rectangular shoulders (5) of the polarization selector of the upper frequency range (4);

- the central segment of the circular waveguide (6);

- two rectangular shoulders (7) of the device combining two frequency ranges (3);

- notch high-pass filters (8);

- a segment of a rectangular waveguide (9);

- double waveguide tee (10);

- waveguide transition (11).

A device for operating on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges is made on segments of a circular waveguide of different sections, connected in cascade and coaxially. On segments of a circular waveguide of larger cross section, a dual-band polarizer (1) and a device for combining two frequency ranges (3) are made. On a segment of a circular waveguide of smaller cross section, a polarization selector of the upper frequency range is made (4).

A device for combining two frequency ranges (3) is made on the central segment of a circular waveguide (6). One end of the central segment of the circular waveguide (6) is connected to a dual-band polarizer (1), the other is connected to the waveguide transition (11) into a smaller diameter section through which the polarization selector of the upper frequency range (4) is connected.

Two identical rectangular arms (7) made of identical segments of a rectangular waveguide are connected to the central segment of a circular waveguide (6) at an angle of 90 ° to each other. In both rectangular shoulders (7), at the place of their connection with the central segment of the circular waveguide (6), identical high-frequency notch filters (8) are installed. Both rectangular arms (7) are connected through identical segments of a rectangular waveguide (9) to the symmetrical arms of a double waveguide tee (10).

In the inventive device for operating on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges, the most important role is played by the mutual orientation of the phase-shifting inhomogeneities (2), the dual-band polarizer (1), the rectangular arms (7) of the device combining the two frequency ranges (3) and the rectangular arms (5) of the polarizing selector of the upper frequency range (4).

As can be seen from fig. 1, the phase-shifting inhomogeneities (2) of the dual-band polarizer (1) are located strictly at an angle of 0 ° or 90 ° to the axes of the rectangular arms (7) of the device for combining two frequency ranges (3). In turn, the rectangular shoulders (7) of the device combining the two frequency ranges (3) are located strictly at an angle of 45 ° to the rectangular shoulders (5) of the polarizing selector of the upper frequency range (4).

The inventive device for operation on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges can operate in the following three modes:

- in transmission mode (both ranges are used for signal transmission);

- in reception mode (both ranges are used to receive signals);

- in hybrid mode (one frequency range is used for transmission, the other for reception).

In the transmission mode, the device inputs in the lower frequency range are the arms E and H of the double waveguide tee (10), the device inputs in the upper frequency range are the rectangular arms (5) of the polarization selector of the upper frequency range (4).

Accordingly, in the reception mode, the device outputs in the lower frequency range are the arms E and H of the double waveguide tee (10), the device outputs in the upper frequency range are the rectangular arms (5) of the polarization selector of the upper frequency range (4).

In hybrid mode, the inputs of the device are the rectangular arms (5) of the polarizing selector of the upper frequency range (4), and the outputs of the device are the arms E and H of the double waveguide tee (10), if the upper range is used for transmission and the lower one for reception. If, on the contrary, the upper range is used for reception, and the lower one for transmission, then the rectangular arms (5) of the polarizing selector of the upper frequency range (4) are the outputs of the device, and the arms E and H of the double waveguide tee (10) are its inputs.

Hybrid mode is the most commonly used mode of operation. Examples of devices operating in this mode and installed on communication satellites are given in [10], [18], [21], [23-24], [27-30], [35]. Examples of similar devices, but used at satellite earth stations, are given in [6-7], [38], [40]. The main difference between these devices about each other is that in the first devices the lower range is usually used for transmission (the upper one for reception), and secondly, the devices are vice versa. As noted above, the device combining two frequency ranges, operating in a hybrid mode, is often called a device for combining reception and transmission [6].

Since the claimed device is reciprocal, to prove its operability it is enough to confirm its operability in any of the three operating modes.

Consider the operation of the inventive device, for example, in the reception mode (both ranges are used to receive signals from the satellite).

In this mode, the signals of both circular polarizations and both frequency ranges are fed to the input of a dual-band polarizer (1), which is simultaneously the input of the entire device for operation on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges. The phase-shifting inhomogeneities (2) of the dual-band polarizer (1) introduce a 90 ° phase shift in both frequency ranges. As a result, at the output of the dual-band polarizer (1) in both frequency ranges there are signals in the form of orthogonal linearly polarized waves, the electric field vectors of which Ea and Eb (Figs. 2 and 3) are oriented at an angle of 45 ° to the planes in which the phase-shifting inhomogeneities (2) of a dual-band polarizer (1). Due to the design features of the claimed device, these vectors, as can be seen from Fig. 1 are also oriented at an angle of 45 ° to the axes of the rectangular shoulders (7) of the device combining two frequency ranges (3), and at an angle of 0 ° to the axes of the rectangular shoulders (5) of the polarizing selector of the upper frequency range (4).

Orthogonal linearly polarized waves of the lower frequency range with electric field vectors Ea and Eb from the output of the dual-band polarizer (1) go to the input of the device combining two frequency ranges (3). They cannot pass to the input of the polarization selector of the upper frequency range (4), because are reflected from the transcendental section of the waveguide transition (11) and enter the rectangular shoulders (7) of the device for combining two frequency ranges (3), passing unhindered through high-band reject filters (8). In this case, the linearly polarized wave of the lower frequency range with the electric field vector Ea excites the rectangular shoulders (7) of the device combining the two frequency ranges (3) in phase, and the linearly polarized wave of the lower frequency range with the electric field vector Eb is out of phase. Since the rectangular shoulders (7) of the device for combining the two frequency ranges (3) are the same and the notch high-pass filters (8) installed in them are the same, and, in addition, the same rectangular waveguides of the low frequencies (9) connecting the rectangular shoulders (7) of the combiner of two frequency ranges (3) with symmetrical arms of a double waveguide tee (10), then the in-phase excitation of rectangular arms (7) of the device combining two frequency ranges (3) leads to in-phase excitation of symmetrical arms of a double waveguide first tee (10) and antiphase excitation of the rectangular shoulder (7) combine two frequency bands unit (3) results in antiphase excitation of the symmetrical double shoulder waveguide tee (10).

Given this and the properties of the double waveguide tee, it is obvious that linearly polarized waves of the lower frequency range with electric field vectors Ea and Eb coming from the output of the dual-band polarizer (1) to the input of the device combining two frequency ranges (3), as a result, are highlighted in shoulders H and E, respectively, of a double waveguide tee (10).

Orthogonal linearly polarized waves of the upper frequency range with electric field vectors Ea and Eb from the output of the dual-band polarizer (1) arrive through the central segment of the circular waveguide (6) to the input of the waveguide transition (11). At the same time, passing the central segment of the circular waveguide (6), they do not branch into the rectangular shoulders (7) due to the blocking effect of the high-frequency notch filters (8) and, which is especially important from the point of view of the distinctive properties of the inventive device, at the output of the central segment of the waveguide circular cross section (6) they remain linearly polarized with the original (unchanged) orientation of the electric field vectors Ea and Eb. The latter is explained by the fact that the plane of polarization of the vector Ea is located symmetrically with respect to the rectangular arms (7) of the device for combining two frequency ranges (3).

Further, as before, without changing the initial orientation of the electric field vectors Ea and Eb, the orthogonal linearly polarized waves of the upper frequency range arrive at the input of the polarization selector of the upper frequency range (4). The polarization selector of the upper frequency range (4) carries out polarization selection (filtering) of the waves arriving at its input, as a result of which a linearly polarized wave with an electric field vector Ea is allocated in the shoulder (5), the axis of which is parallel to the axes of the symmetrical arms of the double waveguide tee ( 10), and a linearly polarized wave with an electric field vector Eb will stand out in the perpendicular arm (5), whose axis is parallel to the axis of the arm E of the double waveguide tee (10).

Above, the operation of the claimed device in the mode of receiving signals of both circular polarizations in both frequency ranges was considered. The performance of the claimed device in other modes, as noted above, follows from the reciprocity of the device.

Possibility of polarization selection of orthogonal linearly polarized waves with electric field vectors Ea and Eb oriented at an angle of 45 ° to the rectangular shoulders (7), as shown in Fig. 1, using only one double waveguide tee, was previously described in [63] and successfully implemented in practice, which also indirectly confirms the operability of the claimed device.

The possibility of polarization selection described in [63] is provided only if the plane of polarization of the vector Ea coincides with the plane of symmetry of the device. In this case, the electric field vector Ea excites the symmetrical arms of the double waveguide tee in phase and all the energy of the linearly polarized wave with the electric field vector Ea enters the arm H of the double waveguide tee. In this case, the electric field vector Eb excites the symmetrical arms of the double waveguide tee in antiphase and all the energy of the linearly polarized wave with the electric field vector Eb enters the arm E of the double waveguide tee.

In the claimed device, the orientation of the vectors Ea and Eb required at the input of the device for combining the two frequency ranges (3), required in [63], was achieved by ensuring the corresponding orientation of the phase-shifting inhomogeneities (2) of the dual-band polarizer (1), which allowed using a two-arm instead of a four-arm central and that as a result has led to the achievement of the technical result of the invention is to simplify the design of the device for working on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges.

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Claims (1)

A device for operating on two circular polarizations in two frequency ranges, consisting of a dual-band polarizer with phase-shifting inhomogeneities providing a 90 ° phase shift in both frequency ranges, a device for combining two frequency ranges with a function of polarization selection in the lower frequency range and a polarization selector of the upper frequency range, whose rectangular shoulders are located at an angle of 90 ° to each other and are the outputs of the device in the upper frequency range, made on segments of round of the waveguide of different sections, connected in cascade and coaxially, while the device for combining two frequency ranges, consisting of a central segment of a circular waveguide with identical rectangular arms connected to it at a 90 ° angle to each other, in which they are connected to the central segment of the waveguide of circular cross section, identical high-pass notch filters are installed and which are connected to the same rectangular low-frequency waveguides connected to the symmetrical arms of the double waveguide a tee and a waveguide transition connected to it to a cross section of a smaller diameter, which is prohibitive for signals of the lower frequency range, connected from the side of the cross section of a larger diameter to the output of the dual-band polarizer, the input of which is the input of the device in both frequency ranges, and from the side of the smaller diameter, to the polarization input selector of the upper frequency range, characterized in that in the device for combining two frequency ranges, phase-shifting inhomogeneities of the dual-band polarizer are located They are angled at an angle of 0 ° or 90 ° to the axes of the rectangular arms of the device combining two frequency ranges connected through rectangular waveguides of low frequencies with symmetrical arms of one double waveguide tee, both arms E and H of which are the outputs of the device in the lower frequency range, and at an angle of 45 ° to the axes of the rectangular shoulders of the polarizing selector of the upper frequency range.

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