RU2638697C1 - Universal valve - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: universal valve with an input and an output comprises a loaded shut-off element and a seat coaxially mounted in the inner cavity of the housing, gas release openings arranged in parallel with the input and output, a fusible part in the form of a disk and an opening connected with the inner cavity of the housing. The valve is provided with a diaphragm installed in the housing opening and fixed with a disc-shaped insert which is fixed by the piston with the disk in the upper part.

EFFECT: invention allows to prevent the reverse flow of working gas, and also protects the working tanks from destruction under emergency conditions.

3 dwg

Description

The universal valve relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to devices designed to prevent backflow of working gas, as well as to protect against destruction of working tanks due to the overpressure that occurs when heating, for example, for emergency (in a fire) discharge of working gas in environment.

A safety device for hot gas with inlet and outlet openings is known, which comprises movable and main check valves installed in the internal cavity of the cylindrical body (z. Japan No. 59-42187, IPK4 F16K 15/00, publ. 1984), which usually overlap inlet and outlet, respectively. At the gas inlet, the valves move away from their seats and pass hot gas. When the gas flows backwards, the piston of the movable valve moves towards the seat, is fixed in the seat, thereby shutting off the return flow, in turn, under the influence of pressure from the outlet, the movable check valve moves, while acting on (presses) the piston of the main check valve, which moves and blocks the inlet.

This design provides sufficient tightness under the action of low gas pressure. The use of a bleeding device in the design allows not to exceed a certain (critical) pressure, respectively, to avoid destruction of the safety device in the event of a sharp increase (change) in pressure in the system.

However, the design involves work only in a vertical position, since its location in a horizontal plane or at an angle significantly increases the load on the movable elements, respectively, reduces the working life of the safety device. The use of a “complex” chain consisting of “sliding” parts (check valves) sequentially overlapping the gas line requires high precision manufacturing of mating parts (seats, pistons, etc.), and also significantly reduces manufacturability and increases the cost of the entire structure . As a rule, devices with a flange connection do not have a minimum weight and dimensions, since they are connected directly to pipelines of large internal section.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention, selected as a prototype, is a fire valve with inlet and outlet openings, which contains coaxially spring-loaded locking element and saddle installed in the internal cavity of the housing, gas vents located parallel to the inlet and outlet openings, a fusible part in the form the disk and the hole communicating with the internal cavity of the body, the surface of the saddle and the locking element facing each other, equipped with a metal cutting edge, the diameter of the edge the locking element exceeds the diameter of the edge of the saddle (p. RF No. 2556056, MPK12 F16K 17/38, publ. 07/10/2015).

The locking element and the latch are installed perpendicular to each other. The latch is made in the form of a cylinder of variable cross-section, one end of which is installed in the hole of the locking element, and the other end is made in the form of a disk spring-loaded from the side of the locking element. In the middle part of the clamp, a groove is made in which a sealing element is installed. An additional groove is made in the lower part of the latch, in which the sealing element is placed. The vents for the discharge of gas are arranged in such a way that in the triggered state when the latch is raised, the upper part of its additional groove is located above the middle part of the holes.

This valve has a high tightness, which is ensured by reliable fixation of the locking element in the actuated state. In this case, the latch is spring-loaded and is perpendicular to the locking element. With this arrangement, the clamp experiences heavy loads as gas passes through the valve. In addition, all springs change their mechanical characteristics over time, they lose their initial force, which is necessary for operation in a fire. Also, the disadvantages include the large mass, dimensions, and relative complexity in manufacturing, in particular, the assembly requires additional technological devices and devices, etc.

In "classical" systems, as a rule, two valves are used: a check valve and a fire valve, due to which the number of connection points in the gas main increases (from the source to the receiver). Thereby, the possible losses of the working environment in the “joints” of the system connection are increased.

The present invention solves the problem of creating a universal check valve with the properties of protection (fire).

The technical result obtained by using the proposed technical solution is to ensure high tightness with "reverse" valve operation and reliability of operation in emergency conditions.

The specified technical result is achieved in that a universal valve with inlet and outlet openings, comprising a coaxially-spring-loaded locking element and a seat installed in the inner cavity of the housing, gas discharge openings parallel to the inlet and outlet openings, a fusible part in the form of a disk and an opening in communication with the internal cavity of the housing, and the surface of the saddle and the locking element facing each other, equipped with a metal cutting edge, and the diameter of the edge of the locking element exceeds d ametr seat edge, according to the invention provided with a membrane mounted in the housing bore and the insert fixed in the form of a disk which is fixed to the piston disc in the upper part, a disk fixed the fuse part as a disc whose diameter exceeds the diameter of the piston disk. The locking element and the seat are installed with the possibility of interaction, the locking element is spring-loaded from the outlet side. The inner hole of the saddle communicates with the inlet, the gas vents are arranged in such a way that, when activated, the lower part of the insert is located above the middle part of the holes.

The creation of the valve in the above manner made it possible to combine the reverse and fire parts, respectively, and functions in its design. The reverse part is able to provide high tightness, preventing the backflow of the working medium, and the fire department provides reliable operation in emergency conditions (in case of fire), thereby preventing the destruction of the system (working capacities) and, as a result, protects the environment from pollution.

This was achieved as follows: the coaxially mounted seat and the spring-loaded locking element are initially in interaction, the sharp edge of the piston, under the action of the spring force, cuts into the seat seal, ensuring the valve is sealed in its original state. Under the action of excess pressure in the inlet, the spring-loaded piston moves and the valve opens. Subsequently, when the gas flows back due to a pressure drop in the inlet, the piston automatically moves to its original position. In this case, the high tightness of the valve is ensured by a combination of the following factors: the gas pressure on the piston from the outlet side and the spring force acting on the piston. At the same time, the fire part of the valve (the part where it is located: the membrane and openings for gas discharge) is maximally simplified, has a minimum number of parts. The rejection of springs, the mechanical characteristics of which change (decrease) over time, greatly increases the reliability of the valve over the entire life of the product.

All this led to high tightness and reliable response in an emergency and allowed us to create a universal valve design with reverse and fire functions.

When analyzing the prior art, no analogues were found that are characterized by features identical to all the essential features of this invention. Also, the fact of the popularity of the influence of the features included in the formula on the technical result of the claimed technical solution was not revealed. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the conditions of "novelty" and "inventive step".

In FIG. 1 shows a universal valve in its original state.

In FIG. 2 shows a universal valve in normal operation.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the universal valve in an emergency (in case of fire).

The universal valve contains a housing 1 with an inlet 2 and an outlet 3 holes, a locking element 4, a seat 5, a fusible part 6 in the form of a disk and a hole 7 for gas discharge (Fig. 1). In the internal cavity of the housing on one axis there is a locking element 4 and a saddle 5 with the possibility of interaction.

The locking element 4 is made in the form of a piston and is loaded with a spring 8 mounted on the side of the outlet 3. Coaxially with the locking element 4, a seat 5 is mounted in the form of a cylinder of variable cross section with an internal hole that communicates with the valve inlet 2.

The surfaces of the saddle 5 and piston 4 facing each other are provided with metal cutting edges 9, 10, respectively. The saddle 5 is equipped with a sealing element 11 mounted in a cylindrical groove. A spring-loaded piston 4 abuts the sealing element 11 of the seat 5 against the cutting edge 10, thus, the valve is in the closed position in the initial (initial) state (Fig. 1).

In the housing perpendicular to the locking element 4 there is a cylindrical boss with a thread in which a hole 12 is made, communicating with the internal cavity of the housing. A nut 13 with an internal hole that communicates with the hole 12 is screwed onto a cylindrical boss of the threaded housing.

A piston 14 is installed in the hole of the nut 13 in the form of a cylinder with a disk 15 in the upper part, a sealing membrane 16, a disk-shaped insert 17 and a ring 18. The piston 14 with the disk 15 abuts the fusible part 6 in the form of a disk, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the disk 15 the piston 14. The ring 18 is fixed by welding to the boss, between the ring 18 and the boss a sealing membrane 16 is installed, the insert 17 is installed in the ring 18. Thus, in the hole of the housing that communicates with the internal cavity of the housing, a membrane 16 is installed, which is fixed by Avka 17 in the form of a disk. The insert 17, in turn, is fixed by the piston 14, and the piston - fusible part 6.

The fusible part 6 is fixed in the nut 13 by a threaded plug 19. In the middle part of the nut 13 a cylindrical groove 20 is made, in which a sealing ring 21 is installed.

The universal valve, in particular the nut 13, is provided with gas discharge openings 7, which are located in a plane parallel to the inlet 2 and outlet 3 openings in such a way that in the actuated state (under fire conditions) when the membrane 16 breaks and the piston 14 and insert 17 move the lower part (end) of the insert 17 is located above the middle part of the gas vents 7.

In the valve, the sealing ring 21 together with the screw plug 19 prevents the saturation of the melting part 6 with oxygen, thereby preventing the transition of the low-melting material to refractory.

The universal valve in normal mode operates as follows. The spring-loaded piston 4 moves under the action of the working gas from the inlet 2 side, pressing the spring 8 in the opposite direction from the seat 5, thus, the valve opens (Fig. 2). Then, under the action of the spring 8 and the pressure drop, which is formed, due to the pressure difference in the inlet 2 and outlet 3 of the holes, the piston 4 moves in the opposite direction to its original position.

In an emergency (in case of fire), the fusible part 6 in the form of a disk is melted (Fig. 3). The metal cutting edge 10 of the piston 4, which, when the valve passes through the gas, returns to its original position, abuts against the seal 11 (for example, rubber) of the seat 5. Subsequently, under the influence of heating and, accordingly, an increase in excess pressure from the outlet 3, the piston 4 cuts through the seal 11 and bumps into the metal cutting edge 9 of the seat 5. Thus, there is a reliable overlap of the inlet 2 of the valve. At the same time, overpressure acts on the sealing membrane 16, which is released upon melting of the melting part 6 in the form of a disk. The released membrane 16 deforms and moves the piston 14 and the insert 17 upward so that the lower surface (end) of the insert 17 moves above the middle part of the gas vents 7, while the molten melting part 6 is extruded into the cavity 22 when the piston 14 moves. Further, the deformed membrane 16 under the action of excess pressure breaks, and all the working gas through the openings 7 in the nut 13 flows into the environment.

The wide possibility of using a universal valve is due to the fact that it can be used in systems with almost any inert gas, and in case of fire it is triggered (depressurized) automatically, that is, it does not require a special command (signal) to be activated.

Also, the use of a universal valve, unlike the use of two valves (non-return and fire) in previously used "classical" systems, allows achieving a positive economic effect, since the number is significantly reduced:

- material;

- manufactured parts;

- production technological operations;

- tests, interoperational transportation and storage, etc.

Thus, the data presented indicate that when using the claimed invention, the following combination of conditions:

- a tool embodying the claimed device in its implementation, is intended for use in various industries (in research, testing complexes of engineering industries);

- for the claimed device in the form in which it is described in the claims, the possibility of its implementation is confirmed.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

The universal valve with inlet and outlet openings contains a coaxially-spring-loaded locking element and a seat installed in the inner cavity of the body, gas vents located parallel to the inlet and outlet openings, a fusible part in the form of a disk and an opening communicating with the internal cavity of the body, the surface of the saddle and the shutoff the elements facing each other are provided with a metal cutting edge, the diameter of the edge of the locking element exceeds the diameter of the edge of the saddle, characterized in that it is equipped with a membrane fixed in the hole of the housing and fixed by an insert in the form of a disk, which is fixed by a piston with a disk in the upper part, the disk is fixed by a fusible part in the form of a disk whose diameter exceeds the diameter of the piston disk, the locking element and seat are installed with the possibility of interaction, the locking element is spring-loaded from the output side holes, the inner hole of the saddle communicates with the inlet, the holes for the discharge of gas are located in such a way that in the operating state the lower part of the insert is located above the media s part of the holes.

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