RU2638694C2 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: engine is made in the form of a group of cylinders located around the cylindrical body parallel to the axis of the rotor shaft located in the center and equipped with a cylindrical rotor with tracks, intake ports in all cylinders of the internal combustion engine (ICE) are located in the lower points and equipped with inlet valves, the inflammable mixture is prepared outside the cylinders, each cylinder of the engine contains two combustion chambers - a firing and annular prechamber located at the top of the cylinder, compression ratio necessary for operation is provided by a regulator made in the form of correction cylinders, which are communicated with the engine cylinders through the circular prechamber. The latter are made with the possibility of their complete overlapping from the cylinder cavities by the pistons of the engine near the TDC, correcting pistons installed in the correction cylinders with the possibility of changing the volume of the ring prechamber, the connecting rods pivotally connected by the upper heads with the pistons to correcting the compression ratio, and the lower heads through the hinge joints with the hub worm wheel, driven by a worm screw.

EFFECT: ensuring the smooth operation of the engine, high-quality filling of cylinders with a inflammable mixture, increasing the reliability of the reciprocating mechanism and simplifying the design of the internal combustion engine.

2 cl, 39 dwg

Description

The engine, designed to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy, contains systems: power, cooling, lubrication and a compression ratio regulator, as well as reciprocating and gas distribution mechanisms. The engine is made in the form of a group of cylinders located around a cylindrical body parallel to the axis of the rotor shaft located in the center and equipped with a cylindrical rotor with treadmills. All engine cylinders contain two combustion chambers - the ignition and afterburner annular, and the annular chambers are made with the possibility of their complete overlap from the cylinder cavities by the engine pistons when approaching the TDC. The inlet windows in all ICE cylinders are located at the lower points and are equipped with inlet valves. The degree of compression necessary for the operation of the internal combustion engine is provided by the regulator depending on the type of fuel used by changing the volumes of the annular afterburner combustion chambers using compression adjustment cylinders communicated with the cylinder liners through the annular combustion chambers. The compression ratio regulator is made in the form of adjustment cylinders communicated with the engine cylinders through annular prechambers, adjustment pistons installed with the possibility of changing the volumes of annular prechambers, connecting rods pivotally connected by upper heads with compression pistons and lower heads, through articulated joints, with the hub of a worm wheel driven by a worm screw. The invention provides smooth engine operation, high-quality filling of cylinders with a combustible mixture, and also increases the reliability of the reciprocating mechanism and simplifies the design of the internal combustion engine. The invention relates to the field of engine building, in particular to piston internal combustion engines. For the prototype of the proposed engine adopted internal combustion engine, known by the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention RU 2095597, IPC 6 F02B 75/26, 75/04, F02D 15/04 from 10/10/1997

The signs characterizing the prototype are:

1 ^* cylindrical engine block;

2 ^* rotor shaft;

3 ^* two disk-shaped rotors;

4 ^* cylinders located around the circumference inside the block parallel to the axis of the rotor shaft, containing:

4 ^* combustion chambers,

4 ^* b inlet windows located in the center of the cylinders,

4 ^* into the bypass windows,

5 ^* pistons;

6 ^* compression rings;

7 ^{* a} device for preparing a fuel-air mixture outside the cylinders;

8 ^* cooling system;

9 ^* compression ratio adjuster containing:

9 ^* and the bypass channels in communication with the cylinders,

9 ^* bypass spools,

9 ^* to the overflow spool stocks,

9 ^* g gear compression ratio adjustment,

9 ^* d ring gear

9 ^* e worm screw.

Accepted for the prototype engine has the following disadvantages:

1. Large loads on the nodes of the reciprocating mechanism at the time of the beginning of the working stroke due to the instantaneous combustion of the entire portion of the fuel-air mixture at the top dead center of the cylinder.

2. Poor filling of the cylinders with a combustible mixture, as the inlet windows open for a very short period of time.

3. The complexity of the design of the regulator of the degree of compression.

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages, i.e. creation of a powerful economical internal combustion engine with a simplified reliable design of a compression ratio regulator that provides smooth uniform loads on the nodes of the reciprocating mechanism when operating on various types of fuel. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the well-known engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation of 10.10.1997 RU 2095597, IPC 6 F02B 75/26, F02D 15/04, 7 F02B 75/26, the compression ratio regulator is replaced by a regulator made in the form of adjustment cylinders in communication with engine cylinders through annular prechambers of adjustment pistons installed with the possibility of changing the volumes of annular prechambers, connecting rods pivotally connected by upper heads with adjustment pistons, and lower heads through articulated joints, with hubs of the worm wheel driven into the deis Wie worm screw. Each engine cylinder contains two combustion chambers: an ignition chamber located in the cylinder head, and an afterburner ring made in the form of an annular groove in the upper part of the cylinder liner near TDC. Cylinder pistons provide complete overlap of the annular pre-chambers of the ICE cylinders when approaching top dead center. The inlet windows in all engine cylinders are located at the lower points and are equipped with inlet valves.

The signs characterizing the claimed internal combustion engine are:

1 ^* ICE block of cylindrical shape;

2 ^* rotor shaft;

3 ^{* a} cylindrical rotor belted by sinusoidal tracks;

4 cylinders located circumferentially on the lateral surface of the cylindrical block parallel to the axis of the rotor shaft, containing:

4 ^* and ignition combustion chambers in cylinder heads,

4 ^* b afterburner combustion chambers made in the form of annular grooves in cylinder liners near the heads,

4 ^* into the inlet windows with inlet valves located at the lower points of the cylinders,

4 ^* g bypass windows located above the outlet windows;

4 ^* d exhaust windows;

5 ^* ICE cylinder pistons contain bypass windows and provide complete overlap of afterburner annular chambers near TDC;

6 ^* piston rings;

7 ^* power system provides the preparation of various types of fuel-air mixture (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, etc.) outside the internal combustion engine cylinders.

8 ^* air cooling system;

9 ^{* the} compression ratio regulator performs the function of the ignition system, provides ignition of various types of fuel-air mixture prepared outside the cylinders from compression, containing:

9 ^* a correction cylinders communicated through annular prechambers with ICE cylinders;

9 ^* b pistons compression ratio adjustment;

9 ^* in piston rings;

9 ^* g connecting rod drive piston adjustment;

9 ^* d piston hinge (finger);

9 ^* e hinge of the hub of the worm wheel;

9 ^* worm wheel;

9 ^* s worm screw;

9 ^* and the worm wheel hub.

Signs of 1 ^* , 2 ^* , 4 ^* , 4 ^* a, 6 ^* , 7 ^* , 8 ^* , 9 ^* , 9 ^* w, 9 ^* s, common with the signs of the prototype. The signs 3 ^* , 4 ^* , 4 ^* b, 4 ^* c, 5 ^* , 9 ^* a, 9 ^* b, 9 ^* c, 9 ^* g, 9 ^* d, 9 ^* e, 9 ^* and are new distinctive, so how the use of precisely these features allows you to achieve your goal.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the engine.

Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of the engine, the left group of pistons in TDC, and the right group in BDC.

Figure 3 shows the kinematic diagram of a longitudinal section of the engine, compression of the combustible mixture over the pistons of the left group of cylinders and the stroke of the pistons of the right group of cylinders.

Figure 4 shows a transverse section aa - figure 2 with a maximum compression ratio in all engine cylinders. Figure 5 shows the kinematic diagram of a cross section aa of figure 2 with a minimum compression ratio in all engine cylinders.

Figure 6 shows a longitudinal section of the mounting of coaxial pairs of cylinders to the engine block assembly with pistons, rods and cylinders.

Figure 7 shows the piston of the compression ratio regulator assembly with a connecting rod and connecting hinges.

On Fig shows a longitudinal section of a detachable cylindrical engine block assembly with a rotor shaft, a rotor, a reciprocating coupling, a compression ratio regulator and a flywheel.

Figure 9 shows a General view of a detachable cylindrical engine block assembly.

Fig. 9a shows a view A of Fig. 9.

Fig.9b shows a top view of Fig.9.

Figure 10 shows the right part of the detachable engine block.

Figure 10a shows view A of figure 10.

On figb shows a longitudinal section of figure 10.

11 shows the left part of the detachable engine block.

On figa shows a view B of Fig.11.

On figb shows a section aa of 11.

On figv shows a longitudinal section of fig 11.

12 is a front view of a reciprocating clutch.

On figa shows a view of Fig. 12.

In Fig.13 shows a cylindrical rotor, belted by two rows of sinusoidal tracks for ball bearings of a reciprocating coupling.

On figa shows a view And Fig.

On figb shows a longitudinal section of Fig.13.

On Fig shows the rotary shaft of the engine.

On Fig depicted the piston rod.

On figa shows a section aa of Fig.15.

In Fig.16 shows the mounting bracket coaxial pairs of cylinders of the engine.

On figa shows a view of Fig.16.

Fig.16b shows a top view of Fig.16.

On Fig shows the casing of the piston rods.

On figa shows a section aa of Fig.17.

On Fig depicts the cylinder engine in combination with the cylinder of the regulator compression ratio.

On figa depicts a view a of Fig. 18.

On Figb shows a longitudinal section of Fig. 18.

In Fig.19 shows a worm wheel with a hub.

On figa shows a view of Fig.19.

On Figb shows a longitudinal section of Fig.19.

On Fig depicts a worm screw.

On figa shows a view B of Fig.20. The engine consists of a reciprocating and gas distribution mechanisms, power systems, cooling, lubrication of the compression ratio regulator. The reciprocating mechanism is designed to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the shaft. It consists of moving and fixed parts. The moving parts include (see Fig. 2, 3, 6, 8): pistons 3, 4, piston rings 5, piston rods 6, reciprocating coupling 7, ball bearings 8, and also the rotor shaft 9 with a pressed on it rotor 10. An engine block 1-2 (see FIGS. 1, 2, 9), which is a detachable cylindrical housing consisting of two parts — left 1 and right 2 (see FIG. 10, 11) belongs to the fixed parts. interconnected using threaded connections 39 (see Fig.9). On the right side of the block (see Fig. 10) there are cutouts 11 for the pushers 12 of the annular reciprocating coupling 7 (see Fig. 2, 8). Along the entire length of the inner part of block 1-2, guide grooves 13 (see Fig. 2, 8, 10, 11) are made for the shape and dimensions of the sliders 40, the annular reciprocating coupling 7 (see Fig. 12a). In the center of the blind end caps of the detachable cylindrical block 1-2 are paired bearings 14, 15 of the rotor shaft 9 (see figure 2, 8, 10, 11). On the side surface, on the outside, the engine block 1-2 has longitudinal platforms 41 (see Fig. 9) for mounting brackets 16 (see Fig. 2, 16) with coaxial cylinder pairs of the engine 17, 18. The engine block 1-2 is a skeleton , inside and outside it there are various nodes and mechanisms (see figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8):

a) inside the block, the rotor shaft 9, rotor 10, ball bearings 8, an annular reciprocating coupling 7, as well as bearings of the rotor shaft 14, 15;

b) outside the block brackets 16, with coaxial pairs of cylinders 17, 18 (see Fig.2, 6, 8, 16).

Piston rods perform the following functions (see figure 2, 6, 15):

1 Used to connect coaxial pistons 3, 4 through articulated joints 20 left 17 and right 18 groups of cylinders.

2. Provide a connection of the coaxial pistons 3, 4 through the swivel joints 20, 51 with the pushers 12 of the reciprocating coupling 7 (see Fig. 2, 6, 8), and through the sleeve 21 with the housing brackets 16 for mounting the coaxial pairs of cylinders 17, 18 (see Fig. 2, 6, 16).

3. The forces are transmitted from the pistons 3, 4 through the swivel joints 20, 51 to the pushers 12 of the coupling 7 and vice versa (see FIGS. 2, 6, 8).

The rotor shaft 9 (see figure 2, 8, 14) receives the torque from the rotor 10 and transmits it to the vehicle transmission. Various engine mechanisms (gas distribution mechanism, etc.) are also driven from it. The rotor 10 (see Fig.2, 8, 13) through the rows of sinusoidal tracks 22 receives the forces from the ball bearings 8 and transfers these forces to the rotor shaft 9 (see Fig.14). The rotor 10 (see Fig. 13) has a cylindrical shape, is surrounded by several rows of tracks 22 around the circumference, corresponds to the profile of ball bearings 8, and the depth of the tracks 22 is equal to the radius of the balls 8 (see Fig. 2, 8). The reciprocating coupling 7 (see FIGS. 2, 8, 12) through the rows of longitudinal holes 23 with liners 24 and locking screws 25 provides a rectilinear (along the axis of the shaft) movement of the ball bearings 8, and also transmits them and receives from them various kinds efforts arising during the operation and starting of the engine. The housing of the coupling 7 (see Fig. 12) has an annular shape with several rows of longitudinal holes 23. The number of holes in each longitudinal row of the coupling 7 corresponds to the number of tracks 22 of the rotor 10, and the number of longitudinal rows corresponds to the number of top dead center points of one of the pistons 3, 4 the right or left group of cylinders 17, 18 for one revolution of the rotor shaft 9. On the side of the coupling 7 (see Fig. 12) there are pushers 12 that provide coupling coupling through articulated joints 51, 20 (see Fig. 2, 6, 8), with piston rods 6. The number of pushers 12 corresponds to the number of coaxial th pairs of cylinders 17, 18 of the engine. Outside the clutch 7 (see Fig. 12, 12a), along its body sliders 40 are located, which engage with the guide grooves 13 located inside the engine block (see Fig. 2, 8, 12). The sliders 40 and the grooves 13 provide a rectilinear movement of the clutch 7 in the process of starting and operating the engine. Inside the annular part of the coupling 7 (see Fig. 2, 8, 12, 12a) there is a socket 42 for the rotor shaft 9 and the rotor 10. Ball bearings 8 (see Fig. 2, 8) are designed to transmit forces arising during operation and the engine, between the longitudinal holes 23 of the coupling 7 and the tracks 22 of the rotor 10. Ball bearings 14, 15 (radial and axial) (see figure 2, 8) are used to mount the rotor shaft 9 inside the engine block. The gas distribution mechanism includes (see FIGS. 2, 6) a rotor shaft 9, a rotor 10, ball bearings 8, a reciprocating coupling 7, hinges 20, 51, piston rods 6, pistons 3, 4, inlet valves 26 and exhaust windows 27, as well as bypass channels 28. Air cooling system. The compression ratio regulator is designed to ignite various types of fuel-air mixture prepared outside the cylinders from compression of these mixtures in ICE cylinders and includes: a worm screw 37, a worm wheel 36 with a hub, hinges 35, connecting rods 34, piston pins 33, pistons 32 compression adjustments, piston rings, cylinders 31 compression adjustments. The worm screw 37 serves to drive the compression ratio adjusting mechanism and is engaged with the worm wheel 36, forming a worm pair. Due to self-braking, the worm pair ensures the fixation of the correction pistons 32 in the desired position - at the end of the adjustment of the compression ratio in accordance with the type of fuel used. The connecting rods 34 are designed to convert the arcuate movements of the hub of the worm wheel 36 to the reciprocating movements of the pistons 32 for adjusting the compression ratio, and also provide a kinematic connection of the hub of the worm wheel 36, through articulated joints 33, 35, with the pistons 32 for adjusting the compression ratio. The necessary compression ratio in the engine cylinders is set as follows: by rotating the worm screw 37 clockwise, the worm wheel 36 with the hub will be activated, which through kinematic connections will ensure the simultaneous movement of all correction pistons 32 ICE to the TDC and, conversely, the rotation of the worm screw 37 counterclockwise all the adjustment pistons 32 will simultaneously begin to move towards the BDC. The maximum compression ratio in the ICE cylinders will be achieved when the correction pistons 32 are located at the upper center of the engine, and the minimum compression ratio when the pistons 32 are located at the compression ratio in the BDC.

The proposed engine operates as follows: the duty cycle proceeds in two cycles "inlet - compression" and "stroke - release". The inlet-compression stroke (see Figs. 1, 2, 3 - at the time of starting the engine with a starter, through the ring gear of the flywheel 43, bearings 8. moving along the sinusoidal paths 22 of the rotor 10, they begin to move the reciprocating clutch 7 along the axis of the rotor shaft 9, presumably to the right side together with the pistons of the left 17 and right 18 cylinder groups, since the coupling 7, through the pushers 12 and the swivel joints 51, is connected to all piston rods 6. In the right group of cylinders under the pistons 3 there is a vacuum, as a result what at the time of opening the intake valves 2 6, the working mixture from the carburetor 44, through the intake manifold 45, enters the lower parts of the cylinders, and above the pistons 3, the working mixture is compressed to TDC, as the outlet windows 27 and bypass channels 28 are closed at this time. figure 1, 2, 3 - at the time of the start of compression of the working mixture simultaneously with the movement of the pistons 3 of the cylinders 18 from BDC to TDC, the degree of compression in these cylinders is adjusted upwards by rotating the worm screw 37 clockwise, which moves through kinematic connections adjust ovochnye pistons 32 from the BDC toward the TDC in adjustment cylinder 31, thereby reducing the volume of the annular prechamber combustion cylinder 30 and increasing the internal combustion engine 18 due to this compression ratio. Without reaching the top dead center, the ICE pistons 3 cut off the afterburner annular combustion chambers 30, filled with a combustible mixture, from the upper ignition combustion chamber 29 with the lateral parts and, continuing to move to the TDC, squeeze the remainder of the fuel-air mixture between the piston bottoms 3 and the cylinder heads . The adjustment will end at the moment when the controlled process of self-ignition of the fuel-air mixture begins in the ignition chambers of the internal combustion engine and the engine starts. For each type of fuel, an individual adjustment of the degree of compression is necessary. Gases formed as a result of ignition of the combustible mixture in the ignition chamber 29, acting on the pistons 3 of the right group of cylinders 18, move them to the left to the BDC, gradually opening the ring afterburner combustion chamber 30, while ensuring smooth combustion of the combustible mixture in the annular forechambers 30, moving in the same direction, through the piston rods 6, hinges 51, pushers 12 and a reciprocating coupling 7, which, acting with its seats 23 on the ball bearings 8, rolls them rectilinearly along sinusoidal the rods of the rotor 22 from the vertices to the lower points of the sinusoids, thereby converting the rectilinear movement of the clutch 7 into the rotational movement of the rotor 10. Not reaching the bottom dead center, the pistons 3 open the exhaust ports 27, and the exhaust gases are released through the exhaust pipe 46 and exhaust manifold 47 in atmosphere. Descending below, the pistons 3 open the bypass channels 28 and the working mixture compressed by the hub 48 under the pistons 3 enters the upper parts of the cylinders 18 (see Figs. 1, 2, 3). The left-hand group of cylinders 17 works in a similar way - the “stroke-out” of the right group of cylinders 18 is followed by the “stroke-out” cycle of the left-hand group of cylinders 17 (see FIGS. 2, 3). The compression ratio regulator ensures smooth operation of the engine on various types of fuel-air mixture prepared outside the cylinders, without an ignition system in accordance with the order and operating mode of the engine. Designating the right group of cylinders 18 with the number 1, and the left group of cylinders 17 with the number 2, we get the operating procedure of the proposed omnivorous engine: 1-2.

Claims (2)

1. An internal combustion engine designed to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy, containing systems: adjusting the degree of compression, power, cooling, lubrication, and also reciprocating and gas distribution mechanisms, the engine is made in the form of a group of cylinders located around a cylindrical engine casing parallel to the axis the rotor shaft located in the center and equipped with a cylindrical rotor with treadmills, inlet windows in all ICE cylinders are located at lower points and equipped inlet valves, the fuel mixture is prepared outside the cylinders, characterized in that each engine cylinder contains two combustion chambers - an ignition and an annular prechamber located at the top of the cylinder, the compression ratio necessary for the engine to operate is provided by a regulator made in the form of adjustment cylinders in communication with the cylinders engine through annular prechambers, the latter being made with the possibility of their complete overlap from the cylinder cavities by the engine pistons near TDC, pistons installed in adjustment cylinders with the possibility of changing the volumes of annular prechambers, connecting rods pivotally connected by upper heads with compression adjustment pistons, and lower heads through articulated joints with a hub of a worm wheel driven by a worm screw. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the compression ratio regulator provides simultaneous ignition of the fuel-air mixture from compression in all cylinders of the right and then left groups.

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