RU2637771C1 - Damless inertial hydroelectric power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: damless inertia hydroelectric power station contains a frame. Inside the frame there is a water wheel with a partial immersion in the passing stream of water, on the axis of which there is a hub. The hub is fixed to the bearing assemblies mounted on the frame, and is kinematically connected to the flywheel. The flywheel is a hollow wheel containing a neck for filling/draining a liquid, and inside it is divided into sections by partitions with holes for water overflow between the staggered sections. The flywheel is rigidly mechanically connected to the electric generator, which performs the function of the electrodynamic brake for the flywheel. The hydroelectric power station also contains a flywheel speed sensor, a relay unit connected to the flywheel speed sensor, and a mean for withdrawal the generated electricity.

EFFECT: increase in power, expansion of the field of application and increase in reliability.

10 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydropower, in particular for converting the energy of a water stream into electrical energy, and can be used as a plant using the kinematic and potential energy of water moving in rivers.

Modern hydroelectric power plants are known, containing large reinforced concrete dams, powerful hydraulic turbines, electric generators, and a number of other structures.

However, these power plants use only the potential energy of water accumulated using a raised, sometimes very high, reinforced concrete dam, which, in turn, is forced to suppress the kinematic energy of the flowing water in the river channel, and over large sections of its section. In addition, such hydroelectric power stations with such high and low dams are environmentally harmful structures on the channels of large and small rivers.

Known (SU, copyright certificate 1788309, publ. 1993) is a hydroelectric power station containing an installation made in the form of two rigidly connected floats with water-guiding walls forming an inlet narrowing channel, turbines with blades placed between the floats on a horizontal shaft mounted on the bodies of the latter and kinematically associated with the electric generator, and means for fixing the installation in the water stream, in addition to the above installation is equipped with a jumper installed between the floats along the axis of the turbine with a gap .

However, the known installation cannot fully use the entire mass of water flow in the area covered by the installation, because a significant part of the energy of the water flow is extinguished by the guiding walls of the floats, forming an inlet narrowing channel. For the same reason, the laminar flow of water in this section turns into a turbulent flow, which, to a certain extent, does not affect the turbine blades in the best way. Part of the flow energy is extinguished by a jumper installed between the floats, i.e. across the flow of water. The energy of the mass of water cannot be used in case the level rises above the optimum for which the installation is designed.

Known (RU, patent 2095618, publ. 10.11.1997), a channel hydroelectric power station containing vertical power supports with fasteners, electric generators and a hydraulic motor connected with them by means of a transmission, made in the form of a cylindrical rotor rotor, bearing supports for installing the rotor and a bottom jumper, except Moreover, the hydroelectric power station is equipped with counterweights, the transmission from the hydraulic motor is made in the form of gears, the bottom jumper is in the form of a plate, and the bearing supports are in the form of pillows, the power bearings are fixed to the ground e river channels, bearing pillows are placed between the power bearings with the possibility of limited movement down and free up, the rotor is floating, its blades are installed horizontally, or obliquely, or with a chevron arrangement and bent to form an obtuse angle in the cross section, and the rotor is installed in the bearings pillows by means of the hollow semi-axes located inside it, on each of which a reducer, balances and an electric generator are suspended jointly and pivotally, the power cable of which is for exiting the rotor to the consumer is pulled through a hole in the hollow axis, while the bottom plate is connected to the bearing pads using rods to ensure joint movement.

A disadvantage of the known hydroelectric power station should be recognized as the complexity of the design, as well as the complexity of the technology for its creation.

The closest analogue of the developed design can be recognized (RU, patent 2306453, publ. 05/10/2007) a device for converting water energy into electricity, containing a water wheel from a rigidly connected drum, side walls, vanes and hub, rigidly fastened with needles to the drum, connected by a mechanical transmission by means of a reducer with an electric generator, bearing units, bearings, water supply and drainage systems. It is also equipped with a water-retaining element mounted from the bottom vertical axis of the side wall point from the side of the working part of the water wheel at a distance of 5-10 mm and made radially curved with a coverage angle of 150-165 ° and a width equal to the width of the water wheel, this, each of the blades of the water wheel is made in the form of a plate of two parts, the angle between which is 120-140 °, and the ratio of the length of one part of the plate to the length of the other part attached to the drum is 1 / 1.5-1 / 2.0 , with an angle to the tangent at the contact point of the plate and drum, equal to 25-45 °, the number of blades is selected taking into account the fact that the distance between them along the outer diameter of the side walls is 0.25-0.35 m, and the water wheel through the hub and bearing assemblies is mounted on an axis fixed to the supports, and as an electric generator an asynchronous motor is used, connected with an automatic control system, including a block of switching and measuring equipment, to which blocks of field capacitors, thyristor converters, payload, and a regulator block are connected lining, protection and control, connected to the thyristor converter unit, to which the ballast load units and excitation capacitors are connected, while the mechanical transmission is made in the form of a chain transmission, the drive sprocket of which is mounted on the spokes of the water wheel.

The disadvantages of the above device is the presence of a water supply and drainage system, which drastically narrows the scope of its application. In addition, it has a low power density due to the large weight of the water wheel and the complicated design of the wheel blades.

The technical problem solved by the developed device is to develop a new type of damless hydroelectric power station - a damless inertial hydroelectric power station.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the developed design consists in increasing the capacity of the damless hydroelectric power station, expanding the scope of application by reducing the requirements for speed, depth and width of the channel flow where the damless hydroelectric station is installed, almost no requirements for preliminary preparation of the place where the developed device is installed, increase reliability by reducing the number of parts and simplicity of design.

To achieve the specified technical result, it is proposed to use a damless inertial hydroelectric power station of a developed design (BIGES). BIGES contains a water wheel made in the form of a drum, on the axis of which a hub is placed, from which the spokes extend radially, and an electric generator, characterized in that it further comprises a frame made with the possibility of passage of a part of the river stream, placed inside by at least partially immersing the water wheel in the passing water stream, the blades are fixed at the ends of the spokes remote from the hub, with the ends with the blades of the spokes fixed on the inner surface of the drum, the hub is fixed on the bearing units mounted on the specified frame, and kinematically connected with the flywheel, which is a hollow wheel containing a neck for filling / draining the liquid, and inside is divided into sections by partitions with holes for overflow of water between the staggered sections, the flywheel fixed on the second hub, also mounted on the bearing units in the frame, the flywheel is mechanically rigidly connected to an electric generator that performs the function of an electrodynamic brake for the flywheel, also about a speed sensor comprising a flywheel, the relay unit connected to the sensor flywheel speed and means selecting the generated electricity.

In some embodiments of the developed device, the blades are rectangular flat or concave.

The hub can be connected to the flywheel via a gearbox or chain drive.

Preferably, the flywheel is made of materials with a low density, which allows for convenient operation of the device, since the flywheel, which is its heaviest part, is transported empty to the desired location and is filled with water from the river after installation in the frame.

Preferably, the frame is assembled from pipes in the form of a truncated pyramid mounted on a river bed using pins. This design provides ease of use, since it does not require a foundation, is transported disassembled and assembled at the place where the power plant will operate.

Typically, the flywheel speed sensor is a speed sensor of any type with an analog output, connected to the battery and mounted on the flywheel hub.

Preferably, the relay unit is connected to the flywheel speed sensor and mounted on the frame together with the generator.

The generated electricity sampling means is a battery or a rectifier unit.

The damless inertial hydroelectric power station (BIGES) in the basic version contains a water wheel in the form of a drum with rectangular flat or concave blades rigidly mounted on radial spokes at the maximum distance from the hub, to which one end of the spoke is attached. The other end of the needle is attached to the drum. The hub, in turn, is mounted on the bearing assemblies mounted on the BIGES frame, and kinematically, through a gearbox or chain transmission, connected to the flywheel. The flywheel is a hollow wheel of the required size, made of light materials, which, through the filler-drain neck, is filled with water to the desired weight. The wheel inside is equipped with partitions dividing it into sections, with holes for overflowing water between staggered sections. The flywheel is mounted on its hub mounted on the bearing assemblies in the BIGES frame. The flywheel is also rigidly mechanically connected to the electric generator, which is an electrodynamic brake for it. In addition, the BIGES contains a flywheel speed sensor, a relay unit and an energy storage device in the form of batteries (not shown in the figure). The BIGES framework is a structure assembled from pipes and having the form of a truncated pyramid mounted on a river bed using pins.

The design of the developed device is shown in FIG. 1 - FIG. four.

In FIG. 1 shows a damless inertial power station.

In FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one.

In FIG. 3 is a view B in FIG. 2.

In FIG. 4 - cross section of the flywheel.

 The following designations are used: a water wheel 1 from rigidly connected drum 2, blades 3 and a hub 5, rigidly fastened with spokes 4 to a drum 2, connected by a mechanical transmission by means of a reducer 8 with an electric generator 15, bearing units 6, bearings 7, a flywheel 9, which represents a hollow wheel of the required size, made of light materials, which through the filler-drain neck 10 is filled with water to the desired weight. The flywheel is mounted on its hub 13 mounted on the bearing assemblies 14 in the frame 7 BIGES. In addition, the flywheel inside is equipped with rigid partitions 11, dividing it into sections, with holes 12 for overflowing water between staggered sections. Flywheel 9 is rigidly connected to the electric generator 15, which is an electrodynamic brake for it. In addition, the BIGES contains a flywheel speed sensor, a relay unit and an energy storage device in the form of batteries (not shown).

In the developed device, in comparison with the closest analogue, there are no water supply and water drainage systems, side walls of the drum and a water-retaining element, which significantly reduces the weight of the water wheel, and the blades have a simple design in the form of rectangular flat or concave plates. In addition, instead of supports, a tubular frame is used in the form of a truncated pyramid, inside which a water wheel and a flywheel are installed, and the frame itself is attached to the bottom of the flow channel with pins 16.

The proposed BIGES works as follows. The operation of the BIGES is cyclical in nature and consists of two cycles: the flywheel acceleration cycle, during which it accumulates kinetic energy, and the flywheel braking cycle, during which it transfers accumulated energy to the batteries.

Under the influence of the flow of water, the water wheel begins to rotate and, accordingly, through the gearbox 8 causes the flywheel 9 to rotate and it starts to accelerate. When the flywheel is accelerated, the generator is off and creates a minimum load for the water wheel in the form of an inertial moment additional to the flywheel.

The kinetic energy that the flywheel accumulates is determined by the formula (1):

Where

E _to - kinetic energy of the flywheel in J;

J _m - moment of inertia of the flywheel in nms ² ;

ω _m - angular speed of rotation of the flywheel in 1 / s.

The torque developed by the water wheel will depend on the squared speed of the water flow, the area of the blade of the water wheel and its radius and is determined by the formula (2):

Where

M _to - torque in Nm;

ρ is the density of water in kg / m ³ ;

V is the water flow rate in m / s;

S _Λ is the area of the blade in m ² ;

R _to - the radius of the water wheel in m

The torque developed by the water wheel will be balanced by the inertial moment of the flywheel (3):

Where:

M _m - the inertial moment of the flywheel in n⋅m;

J _m - moment of inertia of the flywheel in nms ² ;

ω _m - angular acceleration of the flywheel in 1 / s ² .

After accelerating the flywheel to the required angular speed, which is determined by the readings of the flywheel speed sensor, using the relay unit, the windings of the electric generator are connected. The electric generator is an electrodynamic brake and brakes the flywheel almost to its complete stop. After that, the cycles of the BIGES are repeated.

Damless inertial hydroelectric power station is easy to manufacture at the modern level of technological development. The drum and blades are made of lightweight materials such as aluminum. The frame is made of aluminum pipes of rectangular cross section with reinforcement at the points of attachment of the drum, flywheel and gearbox.

The flywheel can be made of aluminum or of rigid plastic that can withstand the required centrifugal and inertial forces.

The generator can be taken of any type. But the easiest way is to take a generator in the form of a motor wheel from an electric bike operating in the recovery mode. For example, you can take the motor wheel from the Kolobok electric bike, which has the following parameters (www / as-pp / ru):

- power is 20 kW;

- torque - 200 n⋅m;

- current in recovery mode - 350 A;

- battery capacity - 29.4 Ah

In this case, the motor-wheel is installed inside the flywheel in the same way as it is installed on the wheel of an electric bike.

Using formulas (1), (2), (3), it is easy to calculate that when the radius of the water wheel is 1.5 m, the length of the blade is 1.5 m and its height is 0.2 m, the weight of the flywheel is 100 kg, its outer radius 1 m and internal 0.82 m, water flow rate of 3 m / s, damless inertial hydroelectric power station will generate about 150 kWh of electricity per day. This will provide electricity from 10 to 15 households.

The advantage of the proposed design is that the flywheel will unwind even from weak torque. The main thing is that the torque exceeds the moment of friction in the bearing units. This dramatically expands the scope of BIGES, since it can be installed on almost any channel flows. The only requirement is that the width of the flow corresponds to the width of the blades of the water wheel, and the depth of flow is equal to the height of the blades. In addition, the platform where the device is installed practically does not require preliminary preparation. The frame is simply installed at the bottom of the channel stream and is fixed with pins.

The advantage of the proposed design is that with the same parameters of the channel flow, the BIGES power can be increased by simply increasing the radius of the water wheel within reasonable limits.

The device has a simple design and contains a minimum number of rotating parts, which undoubtedly increases its reliability.

The advantage of the proposed device is also the ease of delivery to the installation site on the riverbed. The frame is a tubular structure that does not require a foundation, and is assembled on site. The flywheel, which is the heaviest part of the device, is transported empty to the desired location and is filled with water from the river after installation in the frame.

In addition, filling the flywheel with water allows it to self-balance, which reduces vibration in the bearing assemblies and increases the reliability and service life of the device.

Claims (10)

1. Damless inertial hydroelectric power station containing a water wheel made in the form of a drum, on the axis of which there is a hub, from which the spokes extend radially, and an electric generator, characterized in that it further comprises a frame made with the possibility of passage of a part of the river flow inside the frame is placed with at least partial immersion of a water wheel in a passing water stream, blades are fixed at the ends of the spokes remote from the hub, and the ends with the blades of the spokes are fixed to the inside the surface of the drum, the hub is mounted on the bearing units mounted on the specified frame, and kinematically connected with the flywheel, which is a hollow wheel containing a neck for filling / draining the liquid, and inside is divided into sections by partitions with holes for overflowing water between the sections, arranged in a checkerboard pattern, the flywheel is mounted on a second hub, also mounted on the bearing assemblies in the frame, the flywheel is mechanically rigidly connected to an electric generator performing for the flywheel The function of the electrodynamic brake, it also contains a flywheel speed sensor, a relay unit connected to the flywheel speed sensor, and a means for selecting generated electricity. 2. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades are made rectangular flat. 3. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades are made concave. 4. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the hub is connected to the flywheel by means of a gearbox. 5. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the hub is connected to the flywheel by means of a chain transmission. 6. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the flywheel is made of materials with low density. 7. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame is assembled from pipes in the form of a truncated pyramid installed on the river bed using pins. 8. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the flywheel speed sensor is a speed sensor, connected to the battery and installed on the flywheel hub. 9. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the relay unit is connected to a flywheel speed sensor and mounted on a frame together with an electric generator. 10. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for selecting the generated electricity is a battery.

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