RU2637178C1 - Intercom system based on laser diode - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: intercom system includes a computer, a monitor, a microphone, an input unit of the three-stage LF amplifier, a target unit of the two-pin power amplifier, a unit of ADC-DAC, a dividing capacitor, a switching device-key, an adjusting variable resistor, a DC voltage source, a semiconductor laser diode, a light-sensitive image sensor, a unit of the optical stabiliser of precise aiming and horizontal-vertical position in space, a unit of homing and retention of civil-military targets by the laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves. The computer, the input unit of the three-stage LF amplifier, the target unit of the two-pin power amplifier, the unit of the multichannel ADC-DAC, the dividing capacitor, the switching device-key, the adjusting variable resistor, the DC voltage source, and the semiconductor laser diode are connected in series with each other, the computer is connected in parallel with the monitor, the input unit of the three-stage LF amplifier is connected in parallel with the microphone, the semiconductor laser diode is mounted on the same optical axis with the focusing lens and is energized from the positive terminal of the DC voltage source to the anode, and its cathode is connected to the source of the switching device-key, the negative terminal of the DC voltage source is connected with the input wire of the variable adjusting resistor, the output wire of which is connected to the drain of the switching device-key, the semiconductor laser diode is made on the basis of the modified crystal, comprises a housing, where an opaque reflective disk and an optical filter, a narrow channel are installed on the same optical axis, which has a collecting focusing micro lens, an adjustable collimator, an absorber and a scattered of photons, the light-sensitive photocell is mounted on the same optical axis with the semiconductor laser diode, the unit of homing and retention of civil-military targets by the laser beam in the infrared range of the electromagnetic waves is mounted between the adjustable collimator and the unit of ADC-DAC, moreover, between the computer and the unit of ADC-DAC there is a feedback for analysis and amplitude-frequency correction of the output control pulses, between the computer, the monitor, the microphone, the input unit, the three-stage LF amplifier, the target unit of the two-pin power amplifier, the dividing capacitor, the switching device-key, the adjusting variable resistor, the DC voltage source, the semiconductor laser diode and the adjustable collimator there is a one-way communication for the data exchange and the definition of temporary disability, the leakage and loss of information on each of these units through the unit of the multichannel ADC-DAC, and between the computer, the adjustable collimator, the unit of the optical stabiliser of precise aiming and horizontal-vertical position in space, and the unit of homing and retention of civil-military targets by the laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves there is a constant two-way communication for the data exchange through the unit of the multichannel ADC-DAC.

EFFECT: increase of efficiency and reliability of work with intensive cloud cover, various types of precipitation, increase of security and stealth of the transmitted encoded information, at the time of the optical-laser communication session.

12 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to laser technology, relates to an intercom based on a semiconductor laser diode, which can be used in airborne transceiver terminals of laser systems for transmitting and receiving encoded information between crews of aircraft, helicopters, surface ships and submarines, in the "radio silence" mode .

In special equipment and technical literature, as in Russia [Neganov VA, Osipov OV, Raevsky SB, Yarovoy GP Electrodynamics and radio wave propagation. // Textbook for universities. / Edited by prof. V.A. Neganova and S.B. Raevsky, M .: "Radio Engineering", 2009, 744 p .; Grigoryev-Fridman S.N. Intercom “Beam” in the optical range, in the “radio silence” mode. // Scientific and technical magazine "Machine Builder", / Series "Communication", LLC Scientific and Production Enterprise "Virage Center", No. 3 (March), 2016, S. 29-40; Grigoryev-Fridman S.N. Mobile intercom in the optical range, in the "radio silence" mode. // Monthly scientific and technical journal “Issues of defense technology” / Series 16 “Technical means of counteracting terrorism”, Moscow: Scientific and Technical Center “Informtehnika”, joint venture (b): “Lyubavich”, Issue 7-8 (97-98), 2016 , from. 115-123; Grigoryev-Fridman S.N. Mobile intercom in the optical range in the "radio silence" mode. // Monthly interdisciplinary scientific and technical journal “Automation. Modern Technologies ”, Moscow:“ Mechanical Engineering ”, No. 12 (December), 2016, p. 6-14; Grigoryev-Fridman S.N. Mobile intercom based on a laser diode. // Monthly scientific and technical magazine "Mashinostroitel" / Series "Communication", M.: Scientific and Production Enterprise "Virage Center", No. 4 (April), 2017, p. 39-48; Minaev I.V., Mordovin A.A., Sheremetyev A.G. Laser information systems of spacecraft. M .: "Engineering", 1981, S. 84-86; Chukovsky N.N., Kryukova I.V. Status and prospects of inter-satellite optical communications. M .: "Bulletin of MSTU named after NE Bauman", Series "Instrument-Making", 1998, S. 67-74; Maltsev G.N., Burikov S.V., Hayrapetyan B.C., Ushakov O.K. Physics of lasers. / Textbook for Universities of Russia / Novosibirsk: "SSGA", 2012, 134 pp .; Karlov N.V. Lectures on quantum electronics. M .: "Science", 1983, 336 pp .; Ananyev Yu.A. Optical resonators and the problem of laser radiation divergence. M .: "Science", 1979, 328 p .; Akhmanov S.A., Nikitin S.Yu. Physical Optics. M .: "Science", 2004, 656 p .; Yariev A. Quantum Electronics and Nonlinear Optics. M .: "Soviet Radio", 1973, 455 p .; Dmitriev V.G., Tarasov L.V. Applied nonlinear optics. M .: "Science", 2006, 352 p .; Reference for lasers. / Edited by A.M. Prokhorov; trans. from English with rev. and add. M .: "Soviet Radio", 1978, T. 1, 2; Akhmanov S.A., Khokhlov R.V. On one possibility of amplification of light waves // Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Vol. 43, No. 1, 1962, S. 351-353; Hayrapetyan B.C. Non-resonant parametric generation with smooth and (or) discrete tuning of the radiation frequency // Vestnik NSU / Series "Physics", No. 3, 2009, pp. 20-24], and abroad [Pratt VK Laser communication systems. Translated from English. Moscow: Svyaz, 1972, pp. 14-19; Zvelto O. Principles of Lasers. Translated from English. Moscow: Mir, 1990, 558 pp .; Maitland A., Dan M Introduction to Laser Physics, Moscow: Nauka, 1978, 407 pp .; Siegman, A.E. An Introduction to Lasers and Masers, McCraw-Hill, New York, 1971, p. 362; Kahn WK Unstable optical resonators. Appl. "Optics", 1966, v. 5, p. 407; Schawlow AL, Townes CH, Phys. Rev., 1958, vol. 112, p. 1940; Loundon P. Quantum theory of light. M .: "World" , 1976, 564 p .; Bor M., Wolf E. Fundamentals of Optics, Moscow: Nauka, 1973, 720 pp.], there are a significant number of analogues containing various types and types of laser communications both in open space and in various dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, dense fog, rain, snow, various gases, ozone, etc. All of the above analogues have common drawbacks, which are very difficult, and sometimes even cumbersome, overweight and external dimensions, incorrect operation, with intense cloud cover, from - the use of very powerful laser systems, which in order to "punch", i.e. pass through thick and optically dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, ozone and other media, are forced to reduce the frequency, i.e. increase the length of the transverse electromagnetic wave when induced, coherent emission of photons in lasers or, for example, in a laser diode. Thus, the exact coordinates of the location, the length and frequency of the electromagnetic wave of the laser systems, on which modern types and classes of communication equipment and receive information are operated, are issued.

With this type and method of laser communication, a huge amount of energy is consumed, which is why the cost of such communication is an order of magnitude higher than when using the usual, standard, classical, antenna-feeder form of transmitting and receiving information. Thus, the selected type of communication becomes very unprofitable, uncompetitive and expensive.

The conclusion suggests itself - it is necessary for the Russian Aerospace Forces to switch from radio frequencies "detected" by enemy tracking radars (radars) to the optical range of electromagnetic waves of infrared (IR) radiation, invisible to the ordinary human eye, which are currently not in able to detect even with the help of special radars, microwave and EHF bands. All radio transmitters and radios of the Russian Aerospace Forces, both airborne systems and structures, and ground-based systems (fixed or mobile, based on the chassis of vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, etc.), surface (battleships, corvettes and cruisers, support vessels, fast response and landing of the Marine Corps, combat patrols, support and protection of the rear of military transport communications), submarines and squadrons of the Russian Navy currently operate in the frequency range 30-520 MHz, i.e. in the ranges of SDV, DV, SV and KV-VHF, which have a fairly stable, in time and climatic conditions, ability to bend around and avoid obstacles from artificially interfered with radio waves. In radio engineering troops, communication complexes and command command and control, RF missile defense systems, a conventional, flat, monochromatic, TEM-type electromagnetic wave is used [VA Neganov, OV Osipov, SB Raevsky, GP Yarovoy Electrodynamics and radio wave propagation. // Textbook for universities. / Edited by prof. V.A. Neganova and S.B. Raevsky, M .: "Radio Engineering", 2009, 744 p .; Grigoryev-Fridman S.N. Intercom “Beam” in the optical range, in the “radio silence” mode. // Scientific and technical magazine "Mashinostroitel", / Series "Communication", LLC NTP "Virage Center", No. 3 (March), 2016, S. 29-40], usually distributed in air, gases, water, the equation of which can be written as (1):

where E _{x max} , E _{y max} , E _{z max} - the maximum value of the amplitude of the component of the electric field, respectively, along the coordinate axes (0x), (0y) and (0z);

,

,

- экспоненциальная функция огибания ВЧ-заполнения, для электрического поля, соответственно вдоль координатных осей (0x), (0y) и (0z);

,

,

- the exponential function of the envelope of the RF filling, for the electric field, respectively, along the coordinate axes (0x), (0y) and (0z);

- ВЧ-синусоидальное заполнение, составляющей электрического поля;

- HF sinusoidal filling of the electric field component;

H _{x max} , H _{y max} , H _{z max} - the maximum value of the amplitude of the component of the magnetic field, respectively, along the coordinate axes (0x), (0y) and (0z);

,

,

- экспоненциальная функция огибания ВЧ-заполнения, для магнитного поля, соответственно вдоль координатных осей (0x), (0y) и (0z);

,

,

- the exponential function of the envelope of the RF filling for the magnetic field, respectively, along the coordinate axes (0x), (0y) and (0z);

- ВЧ-синусоидальное заполнение составляющей магнитного поля.

- HF sinusoidal filling of the magnetic field component.

This plane, monochromatic, electromagnetic wave in open air space is decomposed into mutually orthogonal, longitudinal and transverse components according to the system of equations (2):

where E _// (x, t) and H _// (x, t) is the longitudinal component of the component, respectively, of the electric and magnetic fields along the coordinate axis (0x);

E _⊥ (y, t) and Н⊥ (y, t) - the transverse component of the component, respectively, of the electric and magnetic fields along the coordinate axis (0y);

E _⊥ (z, t) and Н⊥ (z, t) are the transverse component of the component of the electric and magnetic fields, respectively, along the coordinate axis (0z).

и магнитного

полей данной электромагнитной, плоской, монохроматической волны (1) согласно выражению (3):From here we get two tensors for mutually orthogonal stress vectors, respectively, of electric

and magnetic

fields of a given electromagnetic, plane, monochromatic wave (1) according to expression (3):

In the desired electrodynamic problem, it is required to achieve the design and creation of such a design technology for the intercom that would work and successfully function in the optical, infrared range of electromagnetic waves, in compliance with the "radio silence".

If earlier, before the period of development of the design of the intercom, for these purposes it was used as a “carrier” frequency f _carried. high-frequency (HF) - oscillation from the output of the carrier frequency generator, as it were, performing the role of a “cab driver”, a conductor and a “delivery man” of necessary, urgent or useful information to the main consumer (from the receiver, antenna-feeder device, filtering unit, amplification unit). Subsequent detection, for the separation of radio circuits with an RF carrier, an intermediate frequency f _{non-PCh is} necessary to identify, obtain a useful signal at a low frequency (LF), which already through the power amplifier (PA), through headphones and an audio-video adapter, provides the whole encrypted (already decoded!) information from the manufacturer of the radio transmitter to its main consumer, the radio receiver.

The main distinguishing feature of the new design of the intercom, in contrast to their counterparts as in Russia [Minaev IV, Mordovin AA, Sheremetyev AG Laser information systems of spacecraft. M .: "Engineering", 1981, S. 84-86; Chukovsky N.N., Kryukova I.V. Status and prospects of inter-satellite optical communications. M .: "Bulletin of MSTU named after NE Bauman", Series "Instrument-Making", 1998, S. 67-74; Maltsev G.N., Burikov S.V.], and abroad [Pratt V.K. Laser communication systems. Perev. from English. M .: "Communication", 1972, S. 14-19.], It is possible to successfully use monochromatic, coherent radiation of a laser beam, a narrowly targeted action based on a semiconductor laser diode, instead of the usual, flat, monochromatic, TEM type electromagnetic wave in midair.

To successfully and efficiently solve the electrodynamic problem posed, the semiconductor laser diode should be used for the above requirements and conditions of problem (1) - (3).

It is known that the active radiation of a semiconductor laser diode, made according to the technology based on a semiconductor double heterostructure, is a directed, narrow beam of flying quasi-parallel neutral particles - photons.

Such technologically reliable, time-stable and narrowly directed in space emission of photon particles has a number of properties:

, то конический угол расходимости лазерного пучка составит всего

. При расстоянии

от источника лазерного, когерентного излучения и до приемника информации диаметр пятна лазерного пучка составляет ∅=5 мм. Тогда при

получим, что ∅=8-10 мм. Контрольные испытания и замеры лазерного излучения проводились в яркую, светлую, лунную и спокойную ночь. Когда же приближаемся к "боевым" условиям, при которых противник активно применяет различные виды отравляющих веществ, густой и плотный туман, удушливые газы, "кислотные" дожди и другие виды химического оружия, то экспериментом установлено, что когерентные лучи лазерного излучения подчиняются законам геометрической оптики, т.е. закону Снеллиуса (4) согласно работам [Ахманов С.А., Никитин С.Ю. Физическая Оптика. М.: "Наука", 2004, 656 с.; Яриев А. Квантовая электроника и нелинейная оптика. М.: "Советское радио", 1973, 455 с.; Дмитриев В.Г., Тарасов Л.В. Прикладная нелинейная оптика. М.: "Наука", 2006, 352 с.; Борн М., Вольф Э. Основы оптики. М.: "Наука", 1973, 720 с.]:1. Very small divergence of laser radiation in space according to scientific papers [Hayrapetyan BC, Ushakov OK Physics of lasers. / Textbook for Universities of Russia / Novosibirsk: "SSGA", 2012, 134 pp .; Zvelto O. Principles of Lasers. Perev. from English. M .: Mir, 1990, 558 pp .; Maitland A., Dan M. Introduction to laser physics. M .: "Science", 1978, 407 p .; Siegman A.E. An Introduction to Lasers and Masers, McCraw-Hill, New York, 1971, p. 362; Karlov HB Lectures on quantum electronics. M .: "Science", 1983, 336 pp .; Ananyev Yu.A. Optical resonators and the problem of laser radiation divergence. M .: "Science", 1979, 328 p .; Kahn WK Unstable optical resonators. Appl. Optics, 1966, v. 5, p. 407; Schawlow AL, Townes CH, Phys. Rev. 1958, vol. 112, p. 1940; Loundon P. Quantum Theory of Light. M .: "World", 1976, 564 pp.]. If, for example, the diameter of the spot of the laser beam is ∅ = 5 mm, and

, then the conical angle of divergence of the laser beam will be only

. At a distance

from the source of laser, coherent radiation and to the information receiver, the diameter of the laser beam spot is ∅ = 5 mm. Then for

we get that ∅ = 8-10 mm. Control tests and measurements of laser radiation were carried out on a bright, bright, moonlit and calm night. When we approach the “combat” conditions under which the enemy actively uses various types of poisonous substances, dense and dense fog, asphyxiating gases, “acid” rains and other types of chemical weapons, the experiment established that coherent laser radiation beams obey the laws of geometric optics , i.e. Snell's law (4) according to the works [Akhmanov S.A., Nikitin S.Yu. Physical Optics. M .: "Science", 2004, 656 p .; Yariev A. Quantum Electronics and Nonlinear Optics. M .: "Soviet Radio", 1973, 455 p .; Dmitriev V.G., Tarasov L.V. Applied nonlinear optics. M .: "Science", 2006, 352 p .; Born M., Wolf E. Fundamentals of Optics. M .: "Science", 1973, 720 pp.]:

- угол падения лазерного луча в пространстве на горизонтальную плоскость;Where

- the angle of incidence of the laser beam in space on a horizontal plane;

- угол отражения лазерного луча от горизонтальной плоскости обратно в пространство;

- the angle of reflection of the laser beam from a horizontal plane back into space;

- угол преломления лазерного луча в толще (внутри!) горизонтальной плоскости;

- the angle of refraction of the laser beam in the thickness (inside!) of the horizontal plane;

n₂₁ - the relative refractive index of two media (the second medium - a horizontal plane with respect to the first - space);

;

- фазовая скорость, соответственно в первой и второй средах;

- волновое число; ω₁=υ₁κ, ω₂=υ₂κ - групповая скорость сигнала, соответственно в первой и второй средах; ε₂ - диэлектрическая проницаемость второй среды.

;

- phase velocity, respectively, in the first and second environments;

- wave number; ω ₁ = υ ₁ κ, ω ₂ = υ ₂ κ - group velocity of the signal, respectively, in the first and second environments; ε ₂ is the dielectric constant of the second medium.

2. Laser, coherent, narrowly directed radiation has a very high degree of monochromaticity of the transmitted beam [Hayrapetyan BC, Ushakov OK. Physics of lasers. / Textbook for Universities of Russia / Novosibirsk: "SSGA", 2012, 134 pp .; Zvelto O. Principles of Lasers. Perev. from English. M .: Mir, 1990, 558 pp .; Maitland A., Dan M. Introduction to laser physics. M .: "Science", 1978, 407 p .; Reference for lasers. / Edited by AM Prokhorov; per. from English with rev. and add. M .: "Soviet Radio", 1978, T. 1, 2], since it was experimentally found that the radiation spectrum consists of one, single, carrier, operating frequency and has only one, only, almost quasi-constant wavelength corresponding to it. In view of the foregoing, laser radiation occupies a very narrow band of operating frequencies Δf≈10 ^-3 Hz.

3. During the operation of the laser diode, it is possible to control the radiation duration over a wide range [Hayrapetyan BC, Ushakov OK. Physics of lasers. / Textbook for Universities of Russia / Novosibirsk: "SSGA", 2012, 134 pp .; Zvelto O. Principles of Lasers. Perev. from English. M .: Mir, 1990, 558 pp .; Maitland A., Dan M. Introduction to laser physics. M .: "Science", 1978, 407 p .; Reference for lasers. / Edited by AM Prokhorov; per. from English with rev. and add. M .: "Soviet Radio", 1978, T. 1, 2; Akhmanov S.A., Khokhlov R.V. On one possibility of amplification of light waves // Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Vol. 43, No. 1, 1962, S. 351-353; Hayrapetyan BC Non-resonant parametric generation with smooth and (or) discrete tuning of the radiation frequency // Vestnik NSU / Physics Series, No. 3, 2009, pp. 20-24]: from (1-3) s to (10- 100) ⋅10 ^-15 s. The pulses of a monochromatic beam with a short duration have in the surrounding external space (air, water, gaseous, vacuum) an insignificant short wavelength and a huge power of coherent radiation. Modern brands of laser diodes of both domestic production (Tomilino JSC, Istok JSC, Almaz-Antey JSC, etc.) and foreign manufacturers (Agilent technologies, Avago technologies, Anritsu Site Master and "Rohde &Schwarz") emit in a single pulse an energy of the order of P _1imp . _laser ≈1-3 kJ. So, for example, if the laser pulse energy E _imp. = 1 kJ, and its duration τ _imp. 10 = ^-13 c = 0.1 pc, then the power of the laser pulse calculated by the formula (5):

, при которых напряженность электрического поля в толще самого луча доходит до величины

. Под действием такого сильного поля у многих физических тел и веществ происходит "вынужденная" (принудительная) ионизация атомов, при которой они расщепляются на отрицательно заряженные электроны и положительно заряженные ионы, т.е. происходит процесс физического разрушения тел и внутримолекулярного строения веществ.The high power of laser radiation leads to the fact that many physical substances can be heated to extremely high temperatures. The intensity of a focused coherent narrow beam of laser radiation can reach

at which the electric field strength in the thickness of the beam reaches the value

. Under the influence of such a strong field, many physical bodies and substances have “forced” (forced) ionization of atoms, in which they are split into negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions, i.e. there is a process of physical destruction of bodies and the intramolecular structure of substances.

, т.е. в оптическом ИК-диапазоне длин (частот) поперечных электромагнитных волн, при сохранении наибольшего, максимально возможного значения мощности, интенсивности инверсии и технологической дальности прохождения лазерного излучения в плотных слоях земной атмосферы (фиг. 1).4. It is recommended to carry out such a technology for creating a laser diode when coherent laser radiation would have its own wavelength within the limits of falling into the so-called zones or “transparency windows” for various gases in the earth’s atmosphere with

, i.e. in the optical infrared range of the lengths (frequencies) of transverse electromagnetic waves, while maintaining the largest, maximum possible value of power, inversion intensity and technological range of laser radiation in dense layers of the earth's atmosphere (Fig. 1).

5. The directivity pattern (LH) of laser radiation has only one region of the leading front of the propagation of the coherent beam, in contrast, for example, to a conventional directional antenna of the pin type. The whip antenna is often used in modern aviation and on ships where a TEM type plane, monochromatic wave is used, which, in addition to the above mentioned main front of the beam, has a significant area with the opposite beam, rotated through an angle θ = ± π (180 °). Numerous, parasitic, harmful, side lobes of light emitting diodes were experimentally discovered, which practically emit into the open space a radio signal with encoded information at any angles that are detected by radar and satellite tracking around the clock and continuous radio sounding, for which it is important not only to decode and decrypt the military received from space secret information, but also to find the exact location, to transmit the exact coordinates, speed and flight path, the movement of military pilots and crews of the Russian Aerospace Forces, for avedeniya them automatic complexes of anti-aircraft missile systems.

It was experimentally established that with decreasing wavelength (increasing frequency), the intensity and power of the laser beam of the diode sharply increase. With a further increase in the radiation frequency of the laser diode or with a decrease in the wavelength, dispersion phenomena begin to sharply affect, in which the wavelength of the radiation of the laser diode begins to be commensurate with the geometric dimensions of the atomic-molecular structure of the obstacles or the external environment, through which the penetration and propagation of the electromagnetic wave occurs laser beam. As a result, there is a sharp decrease in the effective power of laser radiation, in view of the pronounced scattering of a narrow, coherent laser beam of photons in the form of a diverging spherical Tyndall cone that glows in the surrounding space. It was noted that at a wavelength of λ = 380-780 nm and below, one can observe the natural pattern of the glow of the trajectory of the laser beam. Consequently, as from ground-based stations, surface, underwater and, especially, from constant monitoring spy satellites and all-weather, round-the-clock tracking of regions of the earth and "suspicious" land areas, enemy radars, missile defense systems and patrolling aircraft constantly in airspace US intelligence and listening AWAKS is able to "detect" the permanent or temporary coordinates of the location and location of the longitudinal, visible to the human eye and special instruments, such as night vision "cat's eyes", the coordinates of the laser beam, the nature, type, intensity, duration, and even decode the encrypted information when it is transmitted by the laser beam at the time of the optical communication session. Thus, the source of information is declassified - the laser transmitter, the information receiver, and the sliding path of the monochromatic, coherent laser radiation, which is “illuminated” by the sublime of the beam, which is extremely unacceptable.

It was experimentally confirmed that with increasing frequency (decreasing wavelength), the losses of the effective power of laser radiation sharply increase, and the alignment also worsens significantly, i.e. accuracy of laser beam guidance, through which sessions of reception and transmission of encoded or other classified information from the source-transmitter to the receiver are carried out. Therefore, the lower the frequency, and accordingly the greater the length of the transverse, electromagnetic wave, the higher the alignment accuracy and the quality of alignment of the laser beam guidance from the source to the consumer. As a result, with a sharp increase in the frequency and thereby a corresponding decrease in the wavelength of the laser radiation, the stereophonic, three-dimensional picture of the beam itself begins to “crumble”. The beam begins to radially diverge, scattering usable power into the surrounding space. Thus, the efficiency of the laser diode is sharply reduced. This whole physical process is accompanied by a characteristic glow of the path of the laser beam through the thickness of the gases and atmosphere. The reason for this phenomenon is a sharp increase in the number of collisions and collisions of photons with the atomic-molecular structure of gases, precipitation, aerosols and dust in the environment and atmosphere of the earth.

An optical atmospheric laser communication system (ALS) between two points consists of two paired transceiver devices located within line of sight at both ends of the line and directed at each other. The transmitter contains a laser generator and a modulator of its optical radiation with a transmitted signal. The modulated laser beam is collimated by the optical system and directed toward the receiver. In the receiver, the radiation is focused on the photodetector, where it is detected and the transmitted information is extracted. Since the laser beam is transmitted between the communication points in the atmosphere, its propagation strongly depends on weather conditions, the presence of smoke, dust and other air pollution. In addition, turbulent phenomena are observed in the atmosphere that lead to fluctuations in the refractive index of the medium, beam oscillations, and optical distortions of the received signal. However, despite these problems, the ALS turned out to be quite reliable at distances of up to 5 km.

The propagation of laser radiation in the atmosphere is accompanied by a number of phenomena of linear and nonlinear interaction of light with the medium. Moreover, none of these phenomena is manifested separately. According to purely qualitative characteristics, these phenomena can be divided into three main groups:

1. Absorption and scattering of air gases by molecules.

2. Attenuation by aerosols (dust, rain, snow, fog).

3. Fluctuations of radiation on atmospheric turbulences.

Due to the absorption and scattering of the laser beam by air gas molecules and the density of the Earth’s atmosphere, as well as due to the effect of specific attenuation on aerosols and fluctuations of the radiation on atmospheric turbulences, the photon trajectory does not represent a straight line, but experiences significant non-linearity and is characterized by optical curvature, which depends on the wavelength (frequency) of the laser radiation, the distance between the receiver and the transmitter, the density and composition of gases in the earth’s atmosphere, the height of the atmospheric layer and cloud above the ground (sea), and others. At short distances of several hundred meters or even several kilometers of the laser beam has a substantially rectilinear trajectory.

The main limitations of the ALS range are thick snow and thick fog, for which aerosol attenuation is maximum. Atmospheric turbulence, that is, random spatio-temporal changes in the refractive index caused by air movement, fluctuations in its temperature and density, also has a strong influence on the propagation of the laser beam. Therefore, light waves propagating in the atmosphere experience not only absorption, but also fluctuations in the transmitted power.

Atmospheric turbulence leads to distortions of the wavefront and, consequently, to oscillations and broadening of the laser beam and redistribution of energy in its cross section. In the plane of the receiving antenna, this is manifested in a chaotic alternation of dark and bright spots with a frequency from fractions of a hertz to several kilohertz. In this case, signal fading sometimes occurs and the connection becomes unstable. Fading is most pronounced in clear sunny weather, especially in the hot summer months, at sunrise and sunset, with strong winds, ALS systems can be used not only in the “last mile” of communication channels, but also as inserts in fiber optic lines in some difficult areas; for communication in mountainous conditions, at airports, between separate buildings of one organization (governing bodies, shopping centers, industrial enterprises, university campuses, hospital complexes, construction sites, etc.); when creating distributed in space local computer networks; in the organization of communication between switching centers and base stations of cellular networks; for operational laying of the line with limited installation time. Therefore, in recent years, the interest of domestic manufacturers in this new and promising sector of communication between various consumers has been growing.

The functional diagram of the ALS system is very simple:

1. The processing unit receives signals from various standard devices (telephone, fax, digital telephone exchange, local computer network) and converts them into a form suitable for transmission by a laser modem;

2. The converted signal is transmitted by the electron-optical unit in the form of infrared radiation;

3. On the receiving side, the light collected by the optical system falls on the photodetector, where it is converted back into electrical signals;

4. The amplified and processed electrical signal is fed to the signal processing unit, where it is restored to its original form.

Transmission and reception are carried out by each of the paired modems simultaneously and independently of each other. Laser modems are installed so that the optical axis of the transceivers match. The main difficulty is the alignment of the optical axes of the transceivers. The divergence angle of the transmitter beam for different models ranges from a few angular minutes to 0.5 °, and the alignment accuracy should correspond to these values.

After installing the transceiver units, you must connect them to the cable networks in both buildings. There are many models of devices with a wide variety of interfaces, however, unlike suppliers of equipment for radio communications, manufacturers of wireless optics systems adhere to the following general ideology of connection: a laser communication line is an emulation of a cable segment (two twisted pairs or two strands of an optical cable). Local area networks connected using wireless optics function as if they were connected by a dedicated cable. Some models of laser modems have combined interfaces to the Ethernet network and E1 streams. As a result, one ALS can connect LAN and telephone networks of buildings without using a multiplexer.

Some wireless remote bridges use infrared laser radiation to transmit data. Typically, such a device contains a traditional wired Ethernet bridge and a laser modem that provides physical communication. In other words, the laser device only sends data bits, and the rest of the work is performed by a conventional bridge. Laser modems generate radiation with a wavelength of 808-820 nm, which cannot be detected without special devices. Obviously, for laser bridges, the emitter and receiver should be located on the line of sight. The typical distance between bridges is about 1-5 km and is limited mainly by laser power.

One of the main advantages of such systems is their high throughput. The second advantage is sufficient noise immunity, since infrared radiation does not interact with radio waves. Indeed, it has been experimentally confirmed that between a transverse electromagnetic wave "emitted" emitted into the open airspace of the earth by a conventional whip antenna located, for example, in the front bow of most fighters, bombers and other aircraft, helicopters and most surface ships and underwater boats of technically developed countries of the world, including the USA, Russia, China and India, as well as between the transverse, electromagnetic wave emitted by a conventional semiconductor laser dio ohm or solid-state laser crystal, with a transverse optical pumping used in "conversation unit in the optical range, in radio silence mode" there is a significant difference. In the first case, a transverse, electromagnetic wave, let's call it “pin”, will necessarily interact with other radio waves. In the second case, the transverse, electromagnetic wave of the "laser" type does not interact with any of the radio waves, and even with the laser wave, working and transmitted to the ether, the atmospheric space of the earth and space, but with a different frequency, and accordingly at a different wavelength different from 955 [nm] used in the desired "intercom operating in the optical range, in the silent mode". Like fiber optic systems, laser bridges provide a high level of security. To intercept information, it is necessary to place the corresponding device on the beam line, which, firstly, can be easily detected, and secondly, it is very difficult to implement, because such systems are installed on the roofs of tall buildings. The disadvantages of systems based on the use of lasers is the effect on the stability of the connection of weather conditions. Heavy rain, snow or fog leads to significant scattering of the beam and attenuation of the signal. A connection may also be affected by a sunny sunrise or sunset if the channel is oriented from east to west or vice versa.

Wireless bridges are used to permanently connect networks as a backup channel or as a temporary means. Many companies are engaged in their production. Depending on bandwidth and communication distance, prices range from $ 5,000 to $ 75,000 per channel. It is expensive, however, over time, such a solution can pay off, because the flow rate of the necessary information reaches a gigantic value of 2.5 Gbit / s or more along the laser beam!

The US-Canadian company "fSONACommunications" has introduced a new wireless optical communication system "SONAbeam 2500-M", which allows to achieve data transfer rates of about 2.5 Gb / s. The system is based on four redundant transmitters operating at a wavelength of 1550 nm with a laser output of 560 mW. At a five-kilometer test site in clear cloudless weather, the system worked at maximum speed and almost without errors.

Numerical simulation of electrodynamic processes and the propagation of transverse electromagnetic waves in the near and middle (thermal) zones of the infrared range showed that a coherent laser beam has an almost rectilinear path of photons in the line of sight, provided that in the surrounding space at a distance of reliable reception and transmission information, about 1-10 km, there are no serious obstacles. In the presence of drag in the form of a dense medium, gases, smoke, pollution, aerosols, dust, sandstorms, thick fog and a wide, deep precipitation front, in the form of large snow flakes, the rectilinear path of the laser beam transforms into a parabolic line resembling an arcuate shape of movement shells from artillery-howitzer guns and multiple launch rocket systems. The indicated effect of the parabolic shape of the trajectory of the emitted photons follows from the presence of such factors in the earth’s atmosphere as the absorption and scattering of the laser beam power by gas molecules, attenuation by aerosols, and radiation fluctuations due to turbulences of warm and cold air flows. To a large extent, the formation of the optical curvature of the laser beam is facilitated by multiple refractions in dense layers of the earth's atmosphere and inhomogeneous obstacles.

According to FIG. 1 and it was experimentally confirmed that in the far (thermal) zone of the infrared range, extremely low values of the transmittance (transmission) of the transverse electromagnetic wave of coherent, laser radiation and almost maximum values of the absorption of the laser beam power by the atmosphere of the Earth were recorded.

Considering the above, a technical solution is proposed for using a semiconductor laser diode based on a modified ruby crystal Al ₂ O ₃ -Cr ₂ O ₃ or gallium arsenide GaAs and gallium aluminum arsenide GaAlAs, using the technology of creating and mounting to the installation as a semiconductor laser diode, domestic or same foreign production. In this case, one of the prerequisites is that the wavelength of the structure of the designed and mounted semiconductor laser diode must completely enter the zones or “transparency windows” of the earth’s atmosphere. It is at these wavelengths (frequency range) that the laser beam has the highest power, intensity, noise immunity, generation reliability and inversion cycle stability, as well as the stability of the main technical characteristics, i.e. at the optimum, acceptable value of power, in this type and class of lasers there is the highest value of efficiency ≈50-70%, which is very significant. In other words, semiconductor laser diodes should be selected according to the radiation power of the beam, in which there are sufficiently high values of efficiency ≈50-70%, values in power and intensity, and methods of efficient cooling of the active medium - a semiconductor laser diode, since it is within such limits that the and reliable transmission of classified information, both military, strategic, and commercial, at a distance of reliable reception (transmission in rain, snow, heavy fog, in the area of direct visibility, composition yayuschey order of no more than 1.5 km). This is despite the fact that only a point is visible (in the infrared range) - a spot of the laser tint ∅ = 8-10 mm on the photosensitive sensor of a photodetector made on the basis of a photodetector matrix based on a highly sensitive photo diode.

The source of laser beam generation is a semiconductor laser diode, which, using the ADC-DAC unit, controls and regulates output pulses in the amplitude modulation (AM) mode, with a modulation coefficient of m = 30-100% and phase-frequency modulation (FM). Most often, the control pulses of the reception and transmission of encoded information at the time of optical communication are carried out in the microsecond and nanosecond time ranges (in exceptional cases and in the psec range).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed invention is an airborne transmitter of a laser information transmission system protected by patent RU 2365007 C1, cl. H01S 4/00, publ. 08/20/2009, adopted for the closest analogue (prototype).

The on-board transmitter of the laser information transmission system according to the prototype comprises sequentially located on one optical axis and optically coupled laser transmitter, an optical beam forming system and an optical information channel antenna, sequentially located on a parallel optical axis and optically coupled laser beacon, translucent mirror and optical antenna the beacon channel, as well as a search and tracking detector and an optical antenna guidance system, the optical input of the detector being searched tracking and tracking through a semitransparent mirror is connected to the optical antenna of the beacon channel, the output of the search and tracking detector is connected to the electrical input of the optical antenna guidance system, and the outputs of the optical antenna guidance system are connected to the control inputs of the optical antennas of the information channel and the beacon channel, and a beam splitter is additionally introduced , a controlled spatial filter, a photodetector and an amplifier-converter, and a controlled optical system for beam formation is used, with a beam splitter mounted on the optical axis between the translucent mirror and the search and tracking detector, with its help the input of the controlled spatial filter is optically coupled through a semitransparent mirror to the optical antenna of the channel of the beacon, the output of the controlled spatial filter is optically connected with the input of the photodetector, the output of the photodetector through an amplifier converter is connected to the control the input of the optical system for beam formation, and the control input of the spatial filter is connected to the output of the search and tracking detector. The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of communication in the presence of errors in the guidance of optical antennas in a changing communication range.

The disadvantage of this device is the technological complexity, the large weight and external dimensions, the relatively high consumption of consumed electricity, the high cost of laser communication sessions, a significant difficulty in the operation of intense cloud cover, various precipitation, pollution and increased smoke levels, dense layers of the earth’s atmosphere, various gases, squally wind with snow flakes, rains, various physical objects, like meteorites and other objects of space, as well as an extremely low degree of secrecy Ivan and confidentiality of the transmission and reception of encoded information received from both satellites and other aircraft.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a transmitting device based on a semiconductor laser diode, in which these disadvantages are eliminated.

The technical result from the use of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of operation, with intense cloud cover, various types of precipitation in the form of snow, rain, thick fog, etc., as well as to increase the security and stealth of the transmitted encoded information at the time of the session laser communication.

The task is achieved in that the intercom contains a computer, monitor, microphone, input three-stage amplifier block, low-power terminal block amplifier, ADC-DAC unit, isolation capacitor, switching device key, variable adjustment resistor, constant voltage source, laser semiconductor diode, photosensitive photosensor, optical stabilizer unit for precise guidance and horizontal-vertical position in space, homing unit and ud holding a civilian target by a laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves, with a computer, a block of an input three-stage bass amplifier, a block of a terminal two-pin power amplifier, a block of multi-channel ADC-DAC, an isolation capacitor, a switching key device, an adjustable control resistor, a source DC voltage, DC voltage stabilizer and a semiconductor laser diode are connected in series with each other, the computer is connected in parallel with the monitor, the input three of a woofer amplifier in parallel with a microphone, the laser diode contains a housing in which an opaque reflective disk, a double heterostructure of semiconductor crystals of gallium arsenide and aluminum-gallium arsenide with an ultrathin middle layer of the pn junction between them, an optical filter focusing are mounted a lens, an adjustable collimator, a narrow hole in which the output optical system based on a collecting focusing microlens, an absorber and a diffuser of photons, non-direct optical line, an unregulated stationary collimator, a semiconductor laser diode is powered from the positive terminal of the voltage regulator to the anode, and its cathode is connected by a direct wire to the drain of the switching device-key 8, the negative terminal of the voltage stabilizer is connected to the input wire of the constant voltage source, output the wire of which is connected to the input wire of a variable control resistor, the output wire of which is connected to the drain of the switching device a, the photosensitive photosensor is mounted on the same optical axis as the laser diode, the homing and retention unit of the civilian target on the laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves is installed between the adjustable collimator and the ADC-DAC unit, and the opposite is performed between the computer and the ADC-DAC unit communication for analysis and amplitude-frequency correction of output control pulses between a computer, a monitor, a microphone, an input unit, a three-stage bass amplifier, a terminal block of a two-pin terminal power amplifier On the one hand, a one-way communication for data exchange and determination of temporary inoperability, leakage and loss of information for each of the above blocks through the multi-channel ADC-DAC block is made by a capacitor, a dividing, switching key device, a variable control resistor, a constant voltage regulator and an adjustable collimator as well as between a computer, an adjustable collimator, a precision optical stabilizer unit and horizontal-vertical For the position in space and the homing unit and holding the civilian target along the laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves, there was a constant two-way communication for data exchange through the block of multi-channel ADC-DAC; the input block of the three-stage bass amplifier contains an input pre-amplifier of video signals, as well as a block of a special color image encoder; the switching key device is based on a VT1 field-effect transistor of domestic brands 2P769A9 or 2P7229A (2P7229A5); a variable adjustment resistor is made on the basis of a potentiometer RP1 or a constant, wire-wound resistor of the type "MLT-0.5", "MLT-0.25", to limit the power limit of the switching device - field-effect transistor VT1 current; DC voltage source (E _k. = 1.5-3.0 V) is made according to the voltage stabilizer circuit or contains 1-2 finger batteries; DC voltage stabilizer ( _{U_stab.} = + 5 ± 0.25 V) is made on the basis of an integrated microcircuit of Russian production of the brand "K142EN5A", "K142EN8V" or "K1234EN3"; the opaque reflective disk is made in the form of a parabolic focusing mirror; optical filter made of translucent glass; the focusing lens is made, for example, of high quality glass; the photosensitive photosensor is made in the form of a photodetector based on a highly sensitive photodiode of the brand "ФД256" or a composite (three-stage) phototransistor of the above brands based on "ФТ-K"; the optical stabilizer block of precise guidance and horizontal-vertical position in space is made on the basis of gyroscopic technology; homing and retention of civilian targets on the laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves can be performed, for example, on the basis of prototypes of man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS) of the American "Stinger" brand "FIM-92", the British MANPADS "Starstreak" , the Swedish MANPADS "RBS 70", the French MANPADS "Mistral", the Chinese MANPADS "QW-1" and "QW-2", the Russian MANPADS "Igla-1" and the Russian MANPADS "Verba".

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a graph of the experimental dependence of the transmittance (transmission) of a transverse electromagnetic wave in zones — transparency windows of different gases in the earth’s atmosphere for laser radiation and various transmitters in the UV, visible, IR, and microwave ranges.

In FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the operation of the intercom.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the principle of operation of an intercom installed directly on military aircraft of the Russian Aerospace Forces.

Structurally, the intercom in FIG. 2 and 3 contains:

1 - computer (computer),

2 - monitor

3 - microphone

4 - block input, three-stage amplifier bass,

5 - block terminal two-pin power amplifier - block UM,

6 - block multi-channel ADC-DAC,

7 - isolation capacitor C1,

8 - switching device key VT1,

9 - variable control resistor,

10 is a constant voltage source,

11 - DC voltage stabilizer,

12 - housing semiconductor, laser diode,

13 - opaque, reflective disk,

14 - upper heterostructure based on a semiconductor crystal of gallium arsenide (GaAs),

15 - lower heterostructure based on a semiconductor crystal of aluminum-gallium arsenide (AlGaAs),

16 - ultrathin middle layer of the pn junction,

17 - the anode of a semiconductor laser diode,

18 - cathode of a semiconductor laser diode,

19 - optical filter (translucent glass),

20 is a focusing lens,

21 is an adjustable collimator, i.e. a device necessary for collecting and focusing the diverging rays of photons in a narrow, parallel to the main, main, optical axis, photon beam,

22 - a narrow hole in which the output optical system is based on a collecting, focusing microlens,

23 - absorber and diffuser of photons moving not in a straight, optical line,

24 - unregulated, stationary collimator,

25 is a monochromatic laser beam,

26 - luminous "visible" spot of laser illumination.

27 - photosensitive photosensor,

28 - block optical stabilizer precise guidance and horizontal-vertical position in space,

29 - block homing and holding civilian targets on the laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves.

Computer (computer) 1, input three-stage amplifier block LF 4, terminal block two-pin power amplifier (block-PM) 5, block multi-channel ADC-DAC 6, isolation capacitor 7, switching device key VT1 8, variable adjustment resistor 9, constant source voltage 10, a constant voltage stabilizer 11 and a laser diode VD1 are connected in series with each other.

The computer (computer) 1 is connected in parallel with the monitor 2.

The input block of the three-stage amplifier LF 4 is connected in parallel with the microphone 3.

The semiconductor laser diode VD1 contains a housing 12 in which an opaque reflective disk 13, a double heterostructure of semiconductor crystals of gallium arsenide 14 and aluminum-gallium arsenide 15 with an ultrathin middle layer of the pn junction 16 between them are mounted, an optical filter 19 focusing a lens 20, an adjustable collimator 21, a narrow hole in which an output optical system based on a collecting focusing microlens 22 is placed, an absorber and a diffuser of photons moving not in a direct op line 23, unregulated stationary collimator 24.

The semiconductor laser diode is powered from the positive terminal of the voltage stabilizer 11 to the anode 17, and its cathode 18 is connected by a direct wire to the drain of the switching device key 8.

The negative terminal of the voltage stabilizer 11 is connected to the input wire of the constant voltage source 10, the output wire of which is connected to the input wire of a variable adjustment resistor 9, the output wire of which is connected to the drain of the switching device-key 8, made, for example, based on a field-effect transistor.

The photosensitive photosensor 27 is mounted on the same optical axis as a semiconductor laser diode.

The homing and retention of civilian targets on the laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves 29 is installed between the adjustable collimator 21 and the ADC-DAC unit 6.

Between the computer (computer) 1 and the ADC-DAC unit 6, feedback has been made for analysis and amplitude-frequency correction of the output control pulses, which allows the software to quickly adjust the clock frequency of the control pulses coming from the ADC-DAC 6 block to the gate of the switching key device VT1 8.

Between a computer (computer) 1, monitor 2, microphone 3, input, three-stage amplifier unit LF 4, terminal block of two-contact power amplifier 5, isolation capacitor, switching device-key VT1 8, variable, control resistor 9, constant voltage source 10, stabilizer DC voltage 11 and adjustable collimator 21 made one-way communication for data exchange and determination of temporary inoperability, leakage and loss of information for each of the above blocks through multichannel ADC-DAC 6.

Also between the computer (computer) 1, an adjustable collimator 21, an optical stabilizer unit for precise guidance and horizontal-vertical position in space 28 and a homing unit and holding a civilian target on a laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves 29, a constant two-way exchange communication data through the block multi-channel ADC-DAC 6.

The input block of the three-stage amplifier LF 4 may contain an input, preliminary amplifier of video signals, as well as a block of a special color image encoder.

The switching device key 8 can be performed on the basis of a field effect transistor VT1, for example, domestic brands 2P769A9 or 2P7229A (2P7229A5).

The variable adjustment resistor 9 can be performed on the basis of a potentiometer, to limit the limit value of the power supply of the switching device - field transistor VT1 8 current.

The DC voltage source 10 (E _k. = 1.5-3.0 V) is made according to the voltage stabilizer circuit or contains 1-2 finger batteries.

The DC voltage stabilizer ( _{U_stab.} = + 5 ± 0.25 V) 11 is made, for example, on the basis of an integrated microcircuit of Russian manufacture of the brand "K142EN5A", "K142EN8V" or "K1234EN3".

The opaque reflective disk 13 is made in the form of a parabolic, focusing mirror.

The optical filter 19 is made of translucent glass.

The focusing lens 20 is made, for example, of high quality glass. The photosensitive photosensor 27 is made in the form of a photodetector based on a highly sensitive photodiode, for example, brand "ФД256" or a composite (three-stage) phototransistor, for example, based on "FT-K".

The use of photodiodes of the domestic brand "ФД256" or a three-stage, composite phototransistor, for example, of the brands LTR 4206Е, ARDUINO of foreign companies: "Vishay", "Kingbright", "AvagoTechnologies", etc. or domestic brands FT-1K gr. 1, FT- 1K gr. 2, FT-1K-01, FT-1K-02, FT-2K gr. A, FT-2K gr. B, designed according to the scheme with OE, which has a high coefficient of sensitivity (susceptibility) and amplification of the input light signal according to the formula (6):

The optical stabilizer block accurate guidance and horizontal-vertical position in space 28 is made on the basis of gyroscopic technology.

A homing unit and holding a civilian target on a laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves 29 can be performed, for example, on the basis of a homing system (head) for prototypes of man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS) of the American "FIM-92" brand , the British Starstreak MANPADS, the Swedish RBS 70 MANPADS, the Mistral French MANPADS, the QW-1 and QW-2 Chinese MANPADS, the Igla-1 MANPADS, and the latest, Russian Verba MANPADS.

The proposed intercom works as follows.

A communication session in the "radio silence" mode and the transmission of encoded information and / or message is carried out under conditions of only direct, electromagnetic communication, in the invisible part of the spectrum of transverse electromagnetic waves (most often in the infrared range). With rare exceptions, the ultraviolet (UV) range is possible, which is not applicable in the ozone layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, due to the strong absorption of waves by the ozone medium. The information signal can be encoded by a program consisting of basic software in the Luch radio silence software package, organizationally assembled from a computer (computer) 1 and monitor 2, by a special military encryption encoder and transmitted to the input unit of a three-stage low-frequency amplifier 4, in which an input, pre-amplifier of video signals, as well as a unit for a special color image encoder may also be available. It should be borne in mind that military pilots themselves, crew members of air groups and squadrons, sailors and submariners are entitled to transmit their individual information in the form of an LF radio signal through a regular microphone 3 (for cases of virus infection, software freezes or unexpected malfunctions in automatic mode and emergency transferring the Luch software package to manual operation), which is also transmitted to a block of a special coder-encoder of military-secret information located in the preliminary input unit LF 4. Next, the radio signal from the block of the preliminary input amplifier LF 4 is finally transmitted to the block of the terminal push-pull power amplifier (block-UM) 5, where it is amplified as an analog signal and reaches its maximum nominal value in the multi-channel block ADC-DAC 6 , to convert the latter to the digital format necessary for the formation of control pulses and their subsequent transmission, through an isolation capacitor 7, to a control electrode, a gate of a switching device key 8, made, for example Imer, based on the field effect transistor VT1. Feedback (OS) between the multichannel ADC-DAC 6 unit and the computer 1 has been performed for analysis and amplitude-frequency correction of the output control pulses, which allows the Luch software to quickly adjust the clock frequency of the control pulses coming from the multichannel ADC-DAC unit 6 to the gate of the switching device key 8. A variable, adjustment resistor 9, made, for example, based on a standard potentiometer, limits the power limit value of the switching device - key VT1 8 current. The total voltage produced by DC voltage source 10, for example from an onboard aircraft DC voltage or U _{board ship. mains} = 27 V, through a step-down transformer or autotransformer. Analysis and constant monitoring of the normal operation and nominal functioning of the main units and units included in the intercom is provided due to the mutual feedback of the main units (OS ₃ , OS ₅ , OS ₇ , OC ₈ , OS ₁₀ , OS ₁₁ and OS ₂₁ ) with software "Ray", a computer (computer) 1 and a monitor 2, through the block multi-channel ADC-DAC 6.

In the casing of the semiconductor laser diode 12, an opaque reflective disk 13 is mounted on the left, to which a top heterostructure based on a semiconductor crystal made of gallium arsenide (GaAs) 14 and a lower heterostructure based on a semiconductor crystal made of aluminum-gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) 15 are mounted on the right. Between the top 14 and lower 15 heterostructures, each consisting of a separate, semiconductor crystal, an intermediate zone is located (formed), consisting of an ultrathin, middle layer of the pn junction 16 of the laser Yes. The anode 17 and the cathode 18 of the semiconductor, laser diode, are located respectively on the upper 14 and lower 15 semiconductor heterostructures. An output optical system based on an optical filter (translucent glass) 19, a collecting, focusing lens 20, and an adjustable collimator 21 (i.e., a device necessary for collecting and focusing diverging photon rays into a narrow, parallel one) is placed in a single semiconductor laser diode housing; main, main, optical axis, photon beam), a narrow hole in which an output optical system based on a collecting focusing microlens 22, an absorber and diffuser of photons moving at e along a straight optical line 23, an unregulated, stationary collimator 24 through which a monochromatic, coherent laser beam is emitted into an open surrounding space 25. A laser, coherent, narrowly focused beam of photons has a wavelength close to the so-called zones or “transparency windows” in the lower atmosphere, for example _a λ = 955 nm, which is not visible to the human eye and can be detected only by using a special radio communications equipment and accurate nonlinear optics. The frequency of this laser radiation with an encoded secret message is synchronized with the clock frequency of the control pulses supplied to the gate of the switching key device VT1 8 from the ADC-DAC unit 6. The intensity, inversion, power and strength of the laser radiation strongly depend on the operating frequency range of the input signal. To speed up and reduce the delay time of pulse fronts, modern phototransistors are most often made based on Schottky diodes. A monochromatic, coherent laser beam 25 brings the encrypted secret information from the laser transmitter to its subscriber in the form of pulsating flashes that are recorded in the form of a luminous in the infrared range, a visible spot of the laser tint 26, located on the surface of the photosensitive photosensor 27, made, for example, in as a photodetector matrix, based on a highly sensitive photodiode or a composite (three-stage) phototransistor.

The ADC-DAC 6 unit is a multi-channel converter and translator of incoming signals from analog format to digital and vice versa, followed by transmission to a computer (computer) 1, where the programs for processing input data are in digital format, software (software ) "Ray", analyze, compare and amplitude-frequency correction of control pulses for the subsequent transfer of the necessary commands to the third channel between the optical stabilizer block accurate guidance and horizontal-vertical position in space e 28 of the laser transmitter and receiver of information - the subscriber connection (Fig 2.).

The analog signal comes from the optical sensor of the adjustable collimator 21 to the homing unit and holding the civilian target by the laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves 29 and at the same time receives commands from an external detection and targeting system, correction using control pulses from the ADC-DAC unit 6. Due to the strong absorption of electromagnetic waves in the ozone layer of the earth’s atmosphere and the high probability of accidental exposure and damage to the skin, face and head of flight crews during enenie block homing and retention objectives of the laser beam in the UV range of the electromagnetic waves 29 is not highly desirable!

It should be remembered that the semiconductor laser diode VD1 is sequentially supplied from the positive terminal of the supplying DC voltage source 10 "+" through the stabilizer 11 to the anode 17, and its cathode 18 is the negative terminal "-" is connected to the source of the field-effect transistor VT1, representing the switching device 8. This type of voltage supply to a semiconductor laser diode is called direct (positive) bias. If the polarity of the operating voltage is reversed, then the semiconductor laser diode 12 will be locked, since it is necessary to expend a lot of energy to pass through the narrow forbidden zone ΔW in order to overcome the increased potential barrier in the structure of the pn junction 16 of the semiconductor laser diode. Thus, the narrow forbidden zone ΔW in size begins to increase sharply and becomes comparable with two (upper 14 and lower 15), wider forbidden zones. This form of supply of the operating voltage is considered a reverse (negative) bias. Thus, it will be blocking for most modern semiconductor laser diodes based on promising technology of double heterostructure.

The advantage of lasers with a double heterostructure is that the region of the coexistence of electrons and holes (the “active region”) is enclosed in an ultrathin, middle layer 16. Presumably this means that a large concentration of electron-hole pairs will make the main contribution to the enhancement of the injection coefficient (laser radiation) of photons, since a smaller number of them will remain at the periphery, in the low-gain region. Additionally, light will also be reflected from the heterojunctions themselves, that is, the laser radiation will be entirely enclosed in the region with the most effective gain. Thus, the light will be squeezed between two close and relatively long, semiconductor walls-structures 14 and 15 of the ultrathin layer of the pn junction 16 of the semiconductor laser diode, being thus and repeatedly reflected in the optical waveguide. The thickness of this semiconductor layer, i.e. the narrow band gap 16 is typically of the order of a few microns to angstroms.

On the contrary, in the so-called quantum zener diodes based on the double heterostructure technology, the main working bias voltage will be just the reverse (negative) bias, since the main, working section of the quantum zener diode on the current-voltage characteristic (CVC) is its negative branch.

As a result of all this manipulation, the semiconductor laser diode 12 begins to flash and emit powerful pulsed flashes to the clock setting the clock frequency of the control pulses coming from the block of multi-channel ADC-DAC 6.

In the proposed intercom, it is possible to use three laser communication channels in the near zone of the infrared range of electromagnetic waves:

1) a channel for transmitting encoded information by means of a laser beam from a first transmitter source to a second receiver;

2) a channel for receiving encoded information from a laser beam from a second transmitter source to a first receiver;

3) an independent, autonomous channel of optical alignment, precise guidance and alignment of two laser systems, for a constant exchange of information, in the form of short pulses confirming the exact coordinates of the mutual arrangement of subscribers in space, as well as the determination of the “friend or foe” by the encoding system and the encrypted password enemy aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicle or other aircraft in the domestic airspace.

On airplanes, helicopters, ships and submarines, the stabilizer of the exact horizontal and vertical position in space 28 is installed on one balancing plane, for example, on the side skin of an airplane or ship, with the rest of the intercom units - a semiconductor laser diode 12 and a photosensitive photosensor 27 (Fig. 3). All three of the above nodes disperse relative to each other at a certain distance. In the stationary version, all three nodes are installed in one place, in one building. In the mobile version, due to vibration and slight misalignment at the time of focusing and aligning the laser beams, they are installed in different places of the aircraft or ship.

Between the optical stabilizer block of precise guidance and horizontal-vertical position in space 28 of an airplane or ship, made on the basis of gyroscopic technology, a computer (computer) 1 with software - control complex "Luch" and monitor 2 made a permanent connection by converting an analog signal in digital format and vice versa, through the interface type of connections. A computer (computer) 1, with the active use of the Luch control complex and a monitor, carries out continuous monitoring and visual correction of incoming video and audio information in the form of a stream of encoded pulses, with a specific sequence, amplitude and repetition rate. Under such conditions, optical communication is most effective, high-quality and reliable, without significant distortion and attenuation, i.e. the monochromatic, coherent beam 25 of the semiconductor laser diode 12 precisely hits the light-absorbing surface and blackened special glasses of the photosensitive photosensor 27 with sufficiently high blacks and an extremely low possibility of reflecting the laser beam back into the surrounding space. In this case, the luminescence and coloring of the trajectory of the laser beam from the source (semiconductor laser diode 12) to the photodetector array of the photosensitive photosensor 27, made, for example, on the basis of a highly sensitive, composite phototransistor are not illuminated in air and in water.

Thus, the use in the intercom of a semiconductor laser diode 12 that generates a laser, coherent, narrow beam with a wavelength λ _in = 955 nm, close to the so-called zones or "transparency windows" in dense layers of the atmosphere, which is not visible to the human eye and can be detected only using special radio communication equipment and accurate nonlinear optics, as well as the presence of an optical stabilizer block for precise guidance and horizontal-vertical position in space It increases the efficiency and reliability of the intercom during intense cloud cover, various types of precipitation in the form of snow, rain, thick fog, etc., and also provides increased security and secrecy of the transmitted encoded information at the time of the optical-laser communication session.

Claims (12)

1. The intercom contains a computer, a monitor, a microphone, an input three-stage amplifier block, a terminal block of a two-pin power amplifier, an ADC-DAC unit, an isolation capacitor, a switching key device, an adjustable control resistor, a constant voltage source, a semiconductor laser diode, a photosensitive photosensor , block optical stabilizer precise guidance and horizontal vertical position in space, block homing and holding civilian targets in the hole a single beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves, with a computer, an input three-stage input amplifier block, a terminal two-pin power amplifier block, a multi-channel ADC-DAC unit, an isolation capacitor, a switching key device, an adjustable control resistor, a constant voltage source, a constant voltage regulator and a semiconductor laser diode are connected in series with each other, the computer is connected in parallel with the monitor, the input unit of the three-stage bass amplifier in parallel with inen with a microphone, a semiconductor laser diode contains a housing in which an opaque reflective disk, a double heterostructure of semiconductor crystals of gallium arsenide and aluminum-gallium arsenide with an ultrathin middle layer of the pn junction between them, an optical filter, a focusing lens, adjustable a collimator, a narrow hole in which an output optical system based on a collecting focusing microlens is located, an absorber and a diffuser of photons moving in a non-straight line optical line, unregulated stationary collimator, a semiconductor laser diode is powered from the positive terminal of the voltage regulator to the anode, and its cathode is connected by a direct wire to the drain of the switching key device, the negative terminal of the voltage stabilizer is connected to the input wire of a constant voltage source, the output wire of which is connected to the input the wire of a variable adjustment resistor, the output wire of which is connected to the drain of the switching key device, is photosensitive The second photosensor is mounted on the same optical axis as a semiconductor laser diode, the homing and retention unit of the civilian target on the laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves is installed between the adjustable collimator and the ADC-DAC unit, and feedback is made between the computer and the ADC-DAC unit for analysis and amplitude-frequency correction of output control pulses, between a computer, a monitor, a microphone, an input block, a three-stage bass amplifier, a terminal block, a two-pin power amplifier unidirectional communication was performed on the exchange of data and determination of temporary inoperability, leakage and loss of information for each of the above blocks through the multi-channel ADC-DAC block, by a capacitor, a dividing, switching device-key, a variable control resistor, a constant voltage regulator and an adjustable collimator as well as between a computer, an adjustable collimator, a precision optical stabilizer unit and horizontal-vertical Nogo position in space and block homing and retention military civil target by laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves is made constant two-way communication through data exchange unit multichannel ADC-DAC. 2. The intercom according to claim 1, characterized in that the unit of the input three-stage bass amplifier contains an input pre-amplifier of video signals, as well as a unit of a special color image encoder. 3. The intercom according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch-key device is made on the basis of a field transistor VT1 of domestic brands 2P769A9 or 2P7229A (2P7229A5). 4. The intercom according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment resistor is made on the basis of a potentiometer to limit the power limit of the switching device - field-effect transistor VT1 current. 5. The intercom device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the constant voltage source (E _k. = 1.5-3.0 V) is formed on the circuit comprises a voltage stabilizer or 1-2 penlight batteries. 6. The intercom device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the stabilizer is a constant voltage (U_ _stub. = + 5 ± 0,25 V) is executed on the basis of an integrated circuit Russian manufacture mark "K142EN5A""K142EN8V" or "K1234EN3". 7. The intercom according to claim 1, characterized in that the opaque reflective disk is made in the form of a parabolic focusing mirror. 8. The intercom according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical filter is made of translucent glass. 9. The intercom according to claim 1, characterized in that the focusing lens is made, for example, of high quality glass. 10. The intercom according to claim 1, characterized in that the photosensitive photosensor is made in the form of a photodetector based on a highly sensitive photodiode brand "FD256" or a composite (three-stage) phototransistor of the above brands based on "FT-K". 11. The intercom according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical stabilizer unit for precise guidance and horizontal-vertical position in space is made on the basis of gyroscopic technology. 12. The intercom according to claim 1, characterized in that the homing unit and holding a civilian target by a laser beam in the infrared range of electromagnetic waves can be performed, for example, on the basis of prototypes of American "Stinger" man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS) "FIM-92" brands, British Starstreak MANPADS, Swedish RBS 70 MANPADS, Mistral French MANPADS, QW-1 and QW-2 Chinese MANPADS, Igla-1 Russian MANPADS and Russian MANPADS "Verba".

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