RU2636361C1 - Heating unit of heating boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating system.SUBSTANCE: heating unit of heating boiler includes a burner 2, an air chamber 1, a fuel feed screw 7 from the hopper for combustion, a boiler, an air supply device 13, an external automation unit 17. Burner 2 is casted as one solid piece in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller diameter grounds at the bottom and larger diameter at the top of the central nozzle 3 of burner 2 and built into the air chamber 1 of cylindrical shape, having on the lateral surface a neck 6, connected with the screw 7 body 18. The screw 7 is equipped with an engine 11 and a reducer 12 for supplying fuel to the burner 2; the peripheral burning disk 4 is coaxially disposed relative to the central nozzle 3 of the burner 2, its outer edge is rigidly fixed to the body of the air chamber 1, and evenly distributed holes 5 are formed on the surface; the air supply device 13 has a communication channel 14 with a side branch pipe 15 of the air chamber 1; at the end of the shaft 8 of the screw 7 entering the inner cavity of the burner 2, there are means for loosening the fuel 9 in the form of rods.EFFECT: maximum complete combustion of fuel in the heating boiler, reduction of the volume of combustion products.2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in domestic heating systems, in particular for burning solid fuel in the furnace units of heating boilers both in private houses and in various industries, for example, for heating working and residential areas of industrial and agricultural premises.

Known technical solutions describing the burner: No. 2058, UA, Bull. No. 9, 2003, No. 599866, UA, Bull. No. 9, 2003, No. 39688, UA, Bull. No. 5, 2001, patent for invention RU 2406028 C1, patent for invention RU 2454605 C1, patent for invention RU 2429413 C2, patent for invention RU 2324115 C2, patent for invention RU 2488041 C2.

The above technical solutions are designed for burning a gas-air mixture and are not suitable for burning solid fuels.

Burners for burning solid fuel are known from the technical field: Patents for invention RU 2358194 C1 “BURNER FOR COMBUSTION OF SOLID FUEL, METHOD FOR COMBUSING SOLID FUEL”; RU 2482390 C2 "METHOD FOR BURNING SOLID FUELS AND A DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION"; RU 2282105 C2 "BURNER OPERATING ON SOLID FUEL".

Known solutions do not provide satisfactory and at the same time stable flame stability, completeness of fuel combustion, they are designed to work with pulverized coal fuel and are not suitable for burning granular fuel (including, for example, pellets, agropellets).

Known torch type burner described in patent RU 2129687, in which the fuel is supplied to the combustion zone directly by a screw in the same plane of the horizon. The burner is suitable for burning pellets, however, for burning coal and agro-pellets, the burner is of little use due to the lack of a self-cleaning system for the burner from the fuel cake.

Known burners described in patents RU 2420689 C2, RU 155426 U1, in which the combustion of pellets occurs in the center of the burner, the upper layer of fuel is burned, air is supplied through the lower layers of fuel along the perimeter of the combustion zone. Accordingly, when working on sintered fuel (coal, agro-pellets), the formation of a slag crust in the upper burning layer of fuel is possible. Slag crust prevents the full penetration of air into the combustion zone and leads to the attenuation of the combustion process, which does not ensure complete combustion of the fuel.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed invention is the patent RU 2420690 C2, which presents an installation for burning granular fuel, including a burner consisting of a head, an air distribution manifold and an auger for feeding granular fuel from the combustion hopper, and a boiler, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a device that regulates the air supply, attached to the burner flange and having communication channels with the burner head and the boiler, is also equipped with a unit that regulates the supply of cold and hot eplonositeley further installed above the burner screw iris damper, the said device being associated with a remote automation shield.

The prototype, as well as most of the other known designs of the furnace assembly of the heating boiler (for example, http://www.kolton-kotly.ru/ru-kotly-zasypowe/podajniki, http://solar-tt.com/kotly-na-tverdom -toplive-galmet /, http://santehsklad.com.ua/retortnaya-fakelnaya-gorelka.html, http://6sotok-dom.com/dom/otoplenie/pelletnaya-gorelka-dlya-kotla.html) are arranged as follows way: the supply of solid fuel is ensured by the auger that feeds fuel from the fuel hopper to the center of the burner. The combustion of fuel occurs in the center of the burner. Fuel and air are supplied periodically with specified parameters. Burning fuel during combustion moves from the center of the burner to its edge. The main problem with this type of combustion is the sintering of fuel. Sintering coal forms a cap (cake) in the center of the burner and prevents the normal intake of a fresh portion of fuel and air into the combustion zone, which ultimately prevents high-quality combustion.

In known designs of retort burners, fuel combustion and its consumption directly depend on the qualitative characteristics of the fuel: type, grade, calibration. As a result, known retort burners for burning solid fuels are not always efficient enough. The consequence of the unburned part of the fuel in boilers with traditional retort burners is: increased slagging (sintering) of the fuel, excess soot and ash, high smoke. Incomplete combustion of fuel also leads to an increase in its consumption and a decrease in the efficiency of the boiler installation. Also, uneven and incomplete combustion of the fuel causes the probability of frequent temperature changes in the combustion zone and the need for the user to constantly check for slag on the burner and periodically clean it so that there is no possible overheating or shutdown of the boiler.

Thus, boilers with traditional designs of the furnace unit require constant monitoring due to uneven combustion of fuel and the presence of a greater volume of soot, ash and slag.

The names of well-known technical solutions describing the heating technology and the organization of combustion in the furnace unit of the heating boiler use the name "burner", which, in fact, acts as part of the "furnace unit". Since it is impossible to separate the fuel supply mechanisms and the process of its burning, it is impossible to describe them only with a “burner”. So, the retort type burner itself; air chamber; fuel supply unit - make up the “furnace unit of the heating boiler” and provide a uniform fuel supply, air supply, uniform combustion and obtaining the required technical result. This determines the name of the claimed invention.

The objectives of the present invention are:

1. Creation of a reliable in operation, convenient in operation, simple and inexpensive in the manufacture of a furnace unit (burner) for burning solid fuel (for example: coal, pellets, agropellets, coal lint, sawdust, wood chips);

2. Ensuring the most complete combustion of fuel in the heating boiler;

3. Increases in heat transfer during fuel combustion;

4. Optimization of fuel consumption;

5. A qualitative reduction in the level of waste (reduction in the volume of combustion products).

To solve the tasks, a furnace unit of a heating boiler was proposed, which includes a burner, an air chamber, an auger for supplying solid fuel from a burning hopper, a boiler, an air supply device, and an external automation unit. According to the claimed invention, the burner is molded with one integral part in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller base diameter in the lower part and a larger diameter in the upper part of the central nozzle of the burner and is integrated in a cylindrical air chamber having a neck connected to the screw housing on the side surface, and a screw equipped with an engine and gearbox providing fuel to the burner; the peripheral combustion disk is coaxially located relative to the central nozzle of the burner, its outer edge is rigidly fixed to the housing of the air chamber, and uniformly distributed openings are made on the surface; the air supply device has a communication channel with a side nozzle of the air chamber; at the end of the auger shaft entering the internal cavity of the burner, there are devices for loosening the fuel.

The essence of the technical solution of the installation for burning solid fuel is illustrated by the drawing in FIG. 1. The drawing shows a device for burning solid fuel (furnace assembly of a heating boiler).

The furnace assembly of a heating boiler includes:

- built into the air chamber 1 of a cylindrical shape; a cast-iron burner 2 made of solid cast in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller diameter of the base in the lower part and a central nozzle 3 of a larger diameter and a peripheral combustion disk 4 in the upper part;

- the peripheral combustion disk 4, coaxially located relative to the central nozzle 3 of the burner 2 has holes 5 made therein, evenly distributed, for example, in concentric circles around the axis of the central nozzle 3 of the burner;

- a burner housing 2 having a neck 6 on a side surface connected by a detachable flange connection to the outer housing 18 of the screw 7;

- a screw 7 for supplying solid fuel, installed inside the housing 18, consisting of a shaft 8 with devices for loosening the fuel 9 and the turns of the transporting screw 10 fixed on it, equipped with an engine 11 and a gearbox 12;

- an air supply device 13 having a communication channel 14 connected via a detachable flange connection to the side pipe 15 of the air chamber 1 for supplying primary air to the holes 5 of the peripheral combustion disk 4, as well as an additional communication channel 16 with the outer casing 18 of the screw 7 for supplying a secondary air into the burner 2, made through a detachable threaded connection;

- remote automation unit 17.

The burner 2 is built into the air chamber 1 and is completely cast from cast iron as one part. There are no connections on it. Which positively affects both the cost and the burner service life, which exceeds the service life of burners made, for example, of steel, or burners having connections. Through the neck 6 of the burner 2, fuel is supplied to the combustion zone. The burner 2 is made in the form of an inverted truncated cone, so that the fuel is evenly distributed in the combustion zone, and also to avoid jamming of the screw 7. The diameter of the neck 6 and the overall dimensions of the burner 2 depend on the capacity of the heating boiler.

The screw 7 is designed to supply fuel to the burner 2. The screw 7 is installed inside the housing 18 and consists of a shaft 8 with the turns of the transport screw 10 fixed on it. From the fuel hopper (not shown in Fig. 1), the fuel enters the housing 18 under its weight screw 7, made in the form of a pipe and slides inside it when the screw 10 is rotated. At the end of the shaft 8, which enters the internal cavity of the burner 2, there are devices for loosening the fuel 9, for example, rods that are designed to loosen the fuel, which prevents jamming of the screw 7 throat not 6 burners 2.

The air chamber 1 is made in the form of a cylinder of sheet steel. This form contributes to a uniform distribution of air to the holes 5 of the peripheral combustion disk 4 of the burner 2, which is integrated into the air chamber 1 and connected to it by a welded joint. Also, the air chamber 1 is equipped with a special hatch for cleaning (not shown in Fig. 1). The diameter and height of the air chamber 1 depends on the size of the burner.

The peripheral combustion disk 4 of the burner 2 is equipped with holes (air channels) evenly distributed, for example, along concentric circles 5 around the axis of the central nozzle 3 of the burner 2, into which the combustion air is forcedly supplied by the air supply device installed on the unit 13. Air pumped through holes 5, creates sufficient conditions for fuel combustion in the combustion zone. The number of holes 5 depends on the capacity of the heating boiler. The amount of air supplied depends on the power of the burner 2 and the settings for the operation of the air supply device 13.

Primary air is supplied to the combustion zone from openings 5 located on the peripheral combustion disk 4, where it is forcibly supplied from the device 13, which supplies air through the communication channel 14 to the side pipe 15 of the air chamber 1. The communication channel 14 has a detachable flange connection with the side pipe 15 air chamber 1.

The supply of secondary air is carried out together with the fuel in the housing 18 of the screw 7, through an additional communication channel 16 with the housing 18 of the screw 7, made through a detachable threaded connection. Thus, the air supplied to the combustion zone together with the fuel helps to burn off flue and carbon monoxide gases and cools the screw, which ensures more efficient combustion and high efficiency of the burner.

In addition, due to the implementation of the supply of fuel and air to the combustion zone as described above, constant tedding (moving) of burning fuel through the burner disk is ensured, which prevents its sintering.

Ignition of the fuel can be done either manually or by air electric heating element (not shown in Fig. 1) into the air supply channel for automatic ignition.

Fuel combustion does not occur in the center of burner 2 (in the zone of the central nozzle 3 of burner 2), but directly on the outside of the peripheral combustion disk 4. The combustion zone has a slight slope to the central axis of the nozzle 3 of burner 2, which allows the fuel to be held in the combustion zone, in As a result, it burns out as fully as possible, increasing the efficiency of the furnace unit. The area of the combustion zone depends on the capacity of the heating boiler. The edge of the peripheral combustion disk 4 is rigidly fixed to the housing of the air chamber 1, which eliminates the loss of force of the injected air.

Thus, the fuel is distributed throughout the disk 4 of the burner 2 in a uniform layer and burns simultaneously. The fuel moves as it burns from the central nozzle 3 of the burner 2 to the edge of the peripheral combustion disk 4 due to the driving force of the screw 7 and the newly incoming portion of the fuel, and the combustion waste (ash, ash) is poured from the edge of the peripheral combustion disk 4 down into the ash box (on Fig. 1 (not shown) located under the combustion unit at the bottom of the heating boiler.

The fuel and air supply is regulated by the installed remote automation unit 17, which allows to obtain high boiler power, even when using fuel of low calorific value.

The device operates as follows.

Fuel through the neck of the fuel hopper (not shown in Fig. 1) is fed continuously by fractions and wakes up under the own weight in the housing 18 of the screw 7. When the conveyor screw 10 rotates, the fuel moves to the central nozzle 3 of the burner 2. The rotor 10 is rotated by means of an engine 11 with a gear 12. The rotation speed of the shaft 8 of the screw 7 is constant, the volume of fuel supply is regulated by controlling the periods of rotation (operation) and the pauses between turning on the engine 11. The motor is controlled from the remote automation unit 17.

From the central nozzle 3 of the burner 2, the fuel is squeezed onto the peripheral combustion disk 4. The fuel is moved along the disk 4 of the burner 2 by supplying a new portion of fuel, i.e. another portion of the fuel pushes the fuel on the peripheral combustion disk 4 from the center to its edge.

The ignition takes place directly on the peripheral combustion disk 4 and is carried out manually or using automatic ignition (for example, under the control of a remote automation unit 17).

The air supply to the combustion zone (to the peripheral combustion disk 4) is carried out by the air supply device 13, through the channel 14 to the side pipe 15 of the air chamber 1. Air is supplied to the air chamber 1, distributed in it and exits through the holes 5. Passing through the holes 5, air enters the combustion zone, thereby intensifying combustion on the disk 4 of burner 2.

The processes of air supply (power control of the air supply device 13), fuel supply (turning on / off the screw drive 7) are controlled by an external automation unit 17.

Burning fuel in the combustion process moves along the disk of the burner 4 and burns. The remains of the combustion products (ash, ash) collide on the outer edge of the peripheral combustion disk 4 in an ash box located under the furnace unit (not shown in Fig. 1). Carbon monoxide and flue gases are removed from the boiler through the outlet of the chimney (not shown in Fig. 1), under the influence of the chimney pull force and forced air boost through the air supply device 13.

The technical result provided by the claimed invention is that the present invention allows to achieve uniform distribution of fuel in the combustion zone by moving the burning fuel in the direction from the central nozzle to the edge of the peripheral burner disk; increasing the combustion area due to the organization of combustion along the outer perimeter of the peripheral combustion disk; intensification of fuel combustion due to the uniform supply throughout the combustion area of primary and secondary air; high-quality fuel combustion and low waste.

Thus, the positive effects of the claimed invention are:

- universality of the furnace assembly of the heating boiler: almost any solid fuel can be burned, for example: coal, pellets, agro-pellets, coal mines, sawdust, wood chips;

- solid fuel is distributed throughout the burner disk in a uniform layer, with a uniform distribution of air to the burner openings, and burns in the combustion zone simultaneously over its entire mass;

- fuel supply and primary air supply are regulated by the installed automation, which allows to obtain high boiler power, even when using fuel of low calorific value;

- organized by blowing secondary air, which comes from a device that provides air supply and enters the auger housing. Due to this, a more complete (high-quality) fuel enrichment occurs, which ensures high-quality combustion on the burner. Secondary air supplied to the boiler furnace space together with fuel helps to burn off flue and carbon monoxide gases, which ensures more efficient combustion and high efficiency and low emissions of combustion products;

- due to the implementation of the supply of fuel and air to the combustion zone by the above-described method, constant tedding (moving) of burning fuel across the burner disk is ensured, which prevents its sintering;

- efficiency: lower fuel consumption due to the uniformity of fuel combustion and high heat transfer;

- high heat transfer: the fuel burns out almost completely with high temperature and evenly due to the supply of primary and secondary air to the combustion zone and the uniform distribution of fuel on the burner;

- environmental friendliness: low level of waste (slag, soot, ash).

Claims (2)

1. The furnace unit of the heating boiler, including a burner, an air chamber, an auger for supplying solid fuel from a hopper for burning, a boiler, an air supply device, an external automation unit, characterized in that the burner is cast with one solid part in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller base diameter in the lower part and a large diameter in the upper part of the central nozzle of the burner and is built into the air chamber of a cylindrical shape having a neck on the side surface connected to the auger body, while the auger is equipped with an engine and gearbox ohm, provides fuel to the burner; the peripheral combustion disk is coaxially located relative to the central nozzle of the burner, its outer edge is rigidly fixed to the housing of the air chamber, and uniformly distributed openings are made on the surface; the air supply device has a communication channel with a side nozzle of the air chamber; at the end of the auger shaft entering the internal cavity of the burner, there are devices for loosening the fuel. 2. The furnace unit of the heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the devices for loosening the fuel are made, for example, in the form of rods.

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