RU2631513C2 - Method for operation of rectangular two-layered plates in annular drilling bits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method for operation of rectangular two-layered plates includes repeated working out of the established allowance of cutting edges, repeated sharpening of the worn out faces and the subsequent repeated use of the repaired faces for cutting the face rocks. After each wear of the cutting and calibrating edges of the two-layered cutting plate, they are fixed to the opposite supporting faces by soldering or gluing a steel plate with a thickness equal to the wear value of the allowance wear of the corresponding working face and a width equal to the thickness of the plate. Then, the cutting plates that have been worked up to the corner zone are removed from the bit and installed along the outer and inner diameters of the hard alloy bit body. The face of the plate, which previously performed cutting functions, is used as the calibrated wall of the borehole.

EFFECT: increase of total operating time per tool due to more efficient use of hard alloy material in two-layered plates.

12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used when drilling with annular crowns using rectangular removable cutting inserts, as well as in metalworking.

Known when drilling wells in rocks, a passive method of operation, which includes only visual observation of the condition of the cutters, during which drilling is carried out until, due to wear of the tool armament and an increase in the contact area of the cutters with the rock, the increase in mechanical loading becomes excessive, which prevents further drilling [one]. This method of exploiting the weapons of rock cutting tools has become excessively wasteful, due to the use of double-layer diamond carbide inserts (ATP) in well drilling, in which the carbide part is support for the diamond layer and serves to solder the entire cutter, and the front diamond - working.

The disadvantage of this method of operating two-layer plates is that the plates are only monitored for their wear and no action is taken on them for their further use, as a result of which a significant amount of expensive material remains in spent drill bits.

There is also known a method of operating ATP in crowns with detachable mechanical fastening of incisors [2]. ATP are installed in the drill bit according to the scheme of borehole and core forming cutters in cylindrical grooves at negative rake angles. In terms of the lateral internal and external cutting surfaces, ATPs are also installed at negative cutting angles and secured by means of a cylindrical wedge and clamping screw. In this case, the cutting forces are compensated by the reaction of the bottom rocks and the walls of the well, which is a great advantage of this crown, since the requirements for the strength of their fastening are significantly reduced. In addition, thanks to the detachable connection of the cutters, it became possible, as the cutting edge is worn, to rotate the round ATP to un-worn or slightly worn edges. When the cutting edges wear around the entire perimeter of the circle, it is removed from the crown, and a new plate is installed in its place. However, due to the clamping of the cutting edge (diamond layer) in this crown, the wedge still retains a large consumption of expensive diamond raw materials.

On the other hand, the less diamond remains in the tool, the smaller the clamp area becomes a wedge, i.e. plate fastening strength decreases. A corresponding increase in the force of mechanical clamping of the plates by the wedge can lead to deformation of the crown body and overstrain of the plates by compression forces. But even so, diamonds remain wedged. Thus, wear of the plates leads to a decrease in the reliability of their fastening and decommissioning, leaving a large number of diamonds on the plates. This is the main disadvantage of the described method of operating ATP, as well as other two-layer plates. However, the main advantage of the method of operating the ATP in this crown is that it has become more active: active work on the use of not yet worn or slightly worn edges of the ATP has been added to the process of simple observation.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a metalworking method of operating multi-faceted cutting inserts [3]. Its essence according to [3] is as follows. “A multifaceted cutting insert, each face of which alternately performs the functions of a rear cutting edge or a basic support face, is installed in the cutter. After each facet has worked out one resistance period, one of the faces is used only as a basic support, and the other only as a cutting one and is subjected to repeated regrinding to a certain value. After that, the cutting insert is installed in the cutter of the following standard size, while the face that previously performed the basic function is used as the cutting one, and the other face that previously performed the cutting function and is repeatedly ground, is used only as the base. The cutting face is subjected to repeated regrinding to a certain value. After that, the plate is installed in the cutter of the next standard size, etc., until the dimensions of the plate reach a critical value. " The advantage of the above-described method of operating a multifaceted cutting insert is the saving of tool material. This method includes many actions for the effective use of instrumental material. But, nevertheless, after the operation of the plates in the cutter of the last size, there will be many diamonds on the plate. The specified method of operating a multifaceted plate is selected as a prototype.

Thus, the task can be posed of a more efficient 95-100% use of expensive tool material in two-layer plates and their reliable fastening regardless of the wear of their working edges. The problem can be solved if, when drilling wells with a crown equipped with rectangular double-layer inserts, the operation of cutting inserts, including repeated testing of the established release of cutting edges, repeated regrinding of worn and slightly worn faces, subsequent repeated use of re-sharpened faces for cutting face rocks and the use of opposite he faces only as reference, will additionally include after each act of regrinding the cutting and gauge faces Ulayer plate fastening by soldering or gluing to the supporting faces of steel plates, with a thickness equal to the wear rate of the release of the corresponding working face and a width equal to the thickness of the two-layer plate. Further operation of the inserts consists in the fact that the cutting inserts that have worked out in height to the corner zone are removed from the crown and installed on the outer and inner diameter of the carbide crown body, while its face, which previously performed the cutting function, is used as a calibrating well wall. In bilayer plates, in addition to diamond and various composites based on it, nanocomposites of cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials can also act as an expensive cutting tool material. However, currently in the drilling of rocks, diamond carbide inserts are predominantly distributed. Therefore, in the future we will consider the operation of only two-layer diamond carbide inserts of the ATP type.

A positive and distinctive feature of the proposed method of operating a two-layer plate is the repeated restoration of its original width and height after repeated regrinding, for example, by soldering or gluing to the supporting faces of steel plates, compensating for the ATP wear in height and width. As a result, each time we get the clamping part of the ATP in its configuration and size along the contours identical to the original one. This ensures a constant clamping area, which makes independent the reliability of the mounting of the plates from the degree of wear and allows the maximum use of the diamond layer in the work of the plates in the crown. Due to this, as the edges wear and regrind, it is possible to compensate for the decrease in the clamping area of the soldered or glued steel plates with a monolith. However, this process continues until the primary supporting face of the ATP begins to wear out in the corner zone of the bottom of the well, since further drilling leads to narrowing of the well. Therefore, the plates are removed from the crown and new ones are installed in their place.

As a result of compensation of wear of the plates by sequentially attaching steel plates, we obtain a three-element plate. However, for further use, the steel portion is removed and a diamond layer with a carbide substrate remains. It should be noted that if the carbide part is also worn out, then the steel part is left in the form of a shank for fixing in the case of any rock cutting tool as a calibrating element. This allows us to talk about almost 100% use of diamond in the drill bit and the solution of the task.

Thus, thanks to a new method of operating two-layer plates, the problem of 95-100% use of the diamond layer in ATP and its reliable fastening regardless of the wear of their working edges is provided.

The proposed method of operating ATP in the crown has the following advantages compared to the prototype and other analogues:

- provides 95-100% use of expensive tool material in two-layer cutting inserts, for example, diamond in diamond carbide inserts;

- the reliability of the fastening of the two-layer plates in the crowns does not change as they wear;

- significantly reduced the number of regrinding while drilling abrasive rocks;

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the example of a two-layer ATP diamond carbide insert in FIG. 1 ... 12. In FIG. 1 shows a two-layer plate mounted on an annular crown as a borehole; in FIG. 2 is a view of FIG. 1 bottom; in FIG. 3 - wear ATP when drilling low abrasive rocks; in FIG. 4 - installation of a sharpened ATP with extension from the groove by the amount of wear for the release of cutting edges; in FIG. 5 - installation of regrind ATP with extension from the groove by the amount of wear to release the calibrating face; in FIG. 6 - ATP borehole plate with a plate 9 compensating for its height attached to the end support face; in FIG. 7 is a view of FIG. 5 from the bottom with the ATP compensating width of the plate 10 attached to the side support face; in FIG. 8 - ATP with layering compensation plates 9; in FIG. 9 is a bottom view of FIG. 8 with the plates 10 compensating for its width attached to the side face of the ATP; in FIG. 10 is a picture of the achievement by the ATP support face of the beginning of the angular face zone; in FIG. 11 - the allocation of the machining residue ATP for further use as a calibrating element of rock cutting tools; in FIG. 12 - wear and self-sharpening ATP when drilling abrasive rocks.

The object of operation is the ATP cutting plate containing the diamond layer 1, the substrate 2 (Fig. 1 and 2). The plates are mounted in the crown according to the pattern of borehole and core-forming cutters and are fixed with wedges 3, which from falling out are fixed by stoppers 4, fixed to the body of the crown 5, for example, by spot welding. Cooling and removal of the destruction products is carried out through the washing channels 6.

Consider the case when low abrasive rock is drilled. The diamond layer is introduced into the rock under the action of axial force and, under the action of the moment of rotation, removes the rock layer. Moreover, the diamond layer wears the most on the end and front, as the most loaded (Fig. 3). The carbide substrate, due to the low abrasiveness of the face rocks, wears out slightly. In this case, the crown sits on the carbide substrate, and further drilling requires very high mechanical loads. In this case, the fracture mechanism switches to abrasion, and the drilling speed is reduced to a minimum, therefore, drilling is stopped. Then ATP-s are released from the clamping of the wedges and sharpen the lower and side faces of the carbide substrate. If after sharpening, set the ATP in the grooves, restoring the normal release of the cutting edges along the end and the calibrating side faces along the outer and inner diameters of the crown, then the supporting faces of the ATP lose contact with the supporting walls of the groove, and air chambers 7 and 8 are formed (Figs. 4 and 5 ) Because of this, the clamping area of the plates decreases, and the axial and tangential forces are transmitted through the contact of the front and rear faces of the ATP with the crown housing, and compensating reaction forces of the support walls of the groove do not occur. In order to prevent the above, plates 9 and 10 are fixed to the support faces opposite to the worn-out workers by soldering or sticking or in another way, filling the corresponding voids and thereby compensating for the decrease in the height and width of the ATP, i.e. reducing the area of its clamp (Fig. 6 and 7). It should be noted that when fixing the compensating plates on the side, the original diameter of the crown is restored, which does not allow narrowing of the well.

The fastening of the compensation plates is carried out mainly to the carbide substrate, and can also be soldered with special solders to the diamond layer, if its thickness is comparable to the thickness of the substrate. In the future, compensation for the reduction in the clamping area is carried out by attaching new plates to the already attached ones. As the operating cycle of the operation of the plates, the attachment of the compensating plates to the support faces can be repeated many times (Fig. 8 and 9). However, this cycle of attachment of the compensating plates ends when, as the end face of the plates is worn, the supporting face, more and more approaching the bottom, reaches point C - the beginning of the corner zone of the bottom, i.e. the beginning of the narrowing of the well (Fig. 10).

In this case, further drilling leads to wear of the crown body, therefore, drilling is completed. Note that with critical wear of the ATP along the end, the wear of the side faces is not so large, therefore, when working out the crown, a certain part of the carbide substrate is retained. In addition, on the plates, although not enough, the diamond layer still remains at the end, so the operation of the plates does not end there. The plates are removed from the crown and additionally machined in order to prepare the carbide crown for the external and internal diameter of the body of the carbide, and its face, which previously performed the cutting function, is used as a calibrating wall of the well (Fig. 11). It should also be taken into account that the ATP residue can be used as a calibrating element in other rock cutting tools, for example, in continuous drilling bits, along with inserts from the Slavutich and Twesal diamond composite.

When drilling abrasive rocks, the diamond layer and the adjacent part of the carbide substrate are introduced into the rock under the action of axial force and the rock layer is removed under the action of the moment of rotation. In this case, the diamond layer and the carbide part adjacent to it wear out in front, forming a cutting edge. The rest of the end face is worn out by the products of the destruction of the face under the end face of the ATP plates. This is, as a first approximation, the continuous self-sharpening of the cutting edge (Fig. 12). At the same time, a critical decrease in ATP output leads to the beginning of wear of the crown body, which forces it to stop drilling. In FIG. 12 the dashed line shows the moment of critical wear of the ATP cutting edge. Therefore, despite the self-sharpening, when drilling abrasive rocks, ATPs are also subjected to repeated sharpening, followed by the attachment of steel plates 9 and 10, which compensate for the wear of the cutting and calibrating faces. Thus, the proposed method of operating two-layer plates does not depend on the abrasiveness of drill rocks.

The proposed method of operating two-layer plates is not associated with either drilling technology or a drill bit. Therefore, one should not think that compensating plates are attached to worn plates during drilling, although this is possible. In place of worn ones, you can install new or pre-prepared plates with attached wear-compensating plates, and worn ones can be accumulated as they are worked out to further restore the size along the contour and configuration of the clamping part of the two-layer plates.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2359103, IPC Е21В 10/48. Ring drill bit [Text] / Treschev SL .; Litkevich Yu.F. et al. // Applicant and patent holder State educational institution of higher professional education “South Russian State Technical University. - Application. 12/11/2007; publ. 06/20/2010, Bull. Number 17.

2. RF patent No. 2422613, IPC ЕВВ 10/48. Ring drill bit [Text] / A.Ya. Tretyak, Yu.F. Litkevich, A.E. Aseeva et al .; applicant and patent holder State educational institution of higher professional education “South Russian State Technical University. - No. 2009146596/03; declared 12/15/2009; publ. 06/27/2011, Bull. Number 18. - S. 839.

3. A.S. RF №1342605, IPC В23В 27/00. The method of operation of multifaceted cutting inserts [Text] / P.B. Greenberg, V.M. Lobanov, L.I. Glotova et al .; Applicant Enterprise P / R P-6564. - No. 4077965/03; declared 06/18/1986; publ. 10/07/1987, Bull. Number 37. - S. 36.

Claims (1)

A method of operating rectangular double-layer inserts, including repeated testing of the established release of cutting edges, repeated regrinding of worn faces and subsequent repeated use of the grinded faces to cut the face rocks, characterized in that after each act of wear of the output of the cutting and calibrating edges of the double-layer cutting plate to the opposite support faces attach by brazing or gluing a steel plate with a thickness equal to the amount of wear of the release of the corresponding working face, and a width equal to the thickness of the insert, then the cutting inserts worked out in height to the corner zone are removed from the crown and set according to the outer and inner diameter of the carbide crown body, while its face, which previously performed the cutting function, is used as a calibrating well wall.

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