RU2628629C1 - Railway trolley - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: railway trolley contains the support platform and running wheels with flanges, located on the axes and having the bearings. Each wheel is located in the separate casing, fixed to the support platform in the form of the cradle, and is mounted on the axle in self-aligning radial spherical bearings. The spring-loaded support, connected to the axle, is introduced into each casing with ability to move. In the side walls of the casing there are the vertical guide slots, into which the axles ends are inserted with the ability to move along each slot, the length of which is limited by the operating stroke of the spring.

EFFECT: increase of the trolley efficiency.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rail transport and can be used for the transportation of heavy bulky goods by rail, in particular when transporting special purpose cameras (SPEs) that meet environmental safety requirements.

To ensure the transportation of SPEs, it is necessary to take into account operating conditions, the variety of vehicles used (road, rail, sea), as well as the features of the rail track. From the point of view of safety, SPEs designed to localize explosion products contain, in addition to explosives, highly toxic and environmentally hazardous products after the experiment. In the event of an emergency situation associated with defects in the rail track (difference between the rails in the horizon, deviations along the gauge, steps at the junction of the rails), the wheels of the cart may hit the steps of the joints of the rails with the possible destruction of the wheel bearings and tipping of the chamber and its depressurization, which unacceptable from the point of view of the safety of the experiments.

Known rail wagon biaxial carts, the axle boxes of the wheelsets of which are rigidly connected with the frame of the vehicle, and the wheels have flanges. As a result of the interaction of the flanges of the wheels with the rail heads, the vehicle is rotated on curved sections of the rail track [ed. USSR No. 818977, B65G 17/06, publ. 04/07/1981].

The disadvantage of this trolley is the likelihood of one or two wheels of the trolley hanging on sections of a rail track that has defects (deviations from the plane, the difference between the rails in the horizontal and deviations along the gauge), which will cause significant overloads in the elements of the trolley and the vehicle. The process of transporting the SPE with the help of this trolley can lead to the overturning of the chamber and its depressurization, which is unacceptable in connection with the safety requirements associated with the SPE.

Known rail truck [RF patent No. 2267425, B61F 13/06, B61F 3/16, B61F 5/14, B61F 5/16, B61F 5/52, publ. January 10, 2006], containing the supporting platform and running wheels with flanges mounted on the axles and having bearings.

The platform is a transverse beam, a king pin with a supporting heel, and side bearings. The running wheels are placed on the axes of two biaxial frames, movably fixed on the end landing shafts of the transverse beam, which has two support plates and an articulated bearing. The king pin with the support heel and side bearings are placed in a plate mounted on the articulated bearing of the fifth axle and mounted in the articulated bearing with a nut screwed onto the king pin. The lateral side bearings are spring-loaded and in contact with the supporting plates of the transverse beam. The plate has elements of interface with the vehicle, and the plane of interface of the plate with the vehicle is located below the upper level of the wheels.

This device is taken as a prototype, as the closest in technical essence to the claimed.

The implementation of this trolley in this form allows you to solve the problem of ensuring constant contact of the wheels along the curved sections of the rail track and on rails having defects in the rail track.

However, the disadvantage of the prototype is that to solve this problem, this design of the trolley is quite complex and is characterized by increased costs for the manufacture and maintenance of pivot nodes containing rubbing surfaces, requiring lubrication and periodic care.

The technical result to which the invention is directed is to provide conditions for reliable wheel contact when moving along curved sections of the rail track and on rails having rail track defects during transportation of the SPE that meets environmental safety requirements, simplifying the design and reducing the cost of servicing the cart.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a rail carriage containing a support platform and running wheels with flanges placed on the axles and having bearings, according to the invention, each wheel is placed in a separate housing attached to the support platform in the form of a lodgement, and mounted on the axle in self-aligning radial spherical bearings, a spring-loaded bearing fixed to the axis fastened with an axis is inserted into each housing with the possibility of movement, vertical directions are made in the side walls of the housing Suitable grooves, into which the ends of the axis to be movable along each groove, whose length is limited stroke of the spring.

The technical result is achieved in that the proposed device is simple in design and affordable to manufacture. At the same time, the installation of each wheel in a separate case, attached to the support platform in the form of a lodgement, and the wheel nozzle on the axle in self-aligning radial spherical bearings allows the wheels of the trolley to rotate separately, tilt in any direction and be pressed against the rail head independently (separately) from at the same time, be in reliable contact with the rails when moving along curved sections of the rail track and along rails having rail track defects. The presence in the device of self-aligning radial spherical bearings, which are a floating support, makes it possible to axially move one cage relative to another. These bearings, designed to absorb radial and axial forces of any direction and allowing a significant skew of the wheel axis relative to the wheel itself, can compensate for differences between the rails in the horizontal, the steps at the joints of the rails and the slopes of the rails relative to each other. In addition, this type of bearings has a significant carrying capacity, which is important for the transportation of large SPEs. This property of these bearings allows their use in critical cases that meet environmental safety requirements, which are the transportation of SPEs after an explosive experiment.

In addition, the introduction into each housing with the possibility of moving relative to it of a spring-loaded support fixed to the axis, as well as the implementation of vertical guide grooves in the side walls of the housing, into which the ends of the axis are inserted with the possibility of moving along each groove, the length of which is limited by the working stroke of the spring, allows vertical movement of the wheel with the constant necessary pressure of the wheels to the rails. The number of springs regulates the wheel travel and the preload force, respectively, which also makes it possible for the wheels to be in reliable contact with the rails when moving along curved sections of the rail track and on rails having rail track defects.

To improve maintainability on the supporting surfaces, the platform and each housing are fastened together by a detachable protrusion-cavity type and fasteners. Fastening with fasteners (bolt connection) and a protrusion-cavity connection provides, on the one hand, the necessary “rigidity” of the connection, preventing the possibility of “cutting” the bolts during transport load, and on the other hand, facilitates the operation of the trolley, makes it easy and simple to carry out if necessary, replace the wheels (by unscrewing the bolts and “knocking out” the protrusion of the body from the groove in the supporting surface of the platform).

For the possibility of placement on temporary storage sites and in vehicles other than the railway mode of transport, the trolley is additionally equipped with removable supports placed on the tool tray, exceeding the height of the lower level of the wheels assembly. The installation of these supports also facilitates the operation of replacing the wheels if necessary.

In addition, to expand the range of use, this trolley is quite simple to adapt for operation on tracks of various widths without significant rework costs. For the possibility of mounting wheels for different track widths at the base of the support platform (lodgement), it is sufficient to make additional holes for bolts for fastening the wheel housings and additional grooves for the protrusion-cavity type, spaced apart from each other in accordance with the required track width, which proves universality of design.

The presence in the invention of a combination of features that distinguish it from the prototype, allows us to consider it consistent with the condition of "novelty."

Each of the distinguishing features in the aggregate with all the obviousness does not follow from the prior art (no solutions having features matching the distinctive features of the invention have been identified), which is evidence of the presence of an inventive step.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a rail carriage;

in FIG. 2 is a view A in FIG. one;

in FIG. 3 - wheel assembly, section BB in FIG. 2.

The device is as follows.

The device for transporting the SPE contains at least two carts. The rail truck (Fig. 1) contains a support platform in the form of a transverse lodgement 1, rigidly attached (welded) to the body of the transported medium — special purpose cameras (KCH) (not shown), and two cases 2, separately attached to the lodgement 1, with running gears 3 wheels with flanges. For placement on temporary storage sites and in vehicles other than the railway mode of transport, and for repair work, the trolley is additionally equipped with two lateral removable supports 4, which are welded structures in the form of pedestals that are attached to the base of the lodgement 1 through four bolts 5 ( Fig. 2). The support stands 4 in height exceed the lower level of the wheels 3 assembly. Each case 2 (Fig. 3), which is a box-shaped welded structure with a supporting wall 6 reinforced with stiffeners, is attached to the base 7 of the tool tray 1 by means of four bolts 8 and a protrusion-cavity connection 9.

Each wheel 3 is mounted on the axis 10 in the self-aligning roller radial spherical bearings 11, allowing a change in the angle of inclination of the wheel 3. Into each casing 2 a support 13 is mounted, which is movable relative to the axis 10 and spring-loaded with cup springs 12. The support 13 is made with an axial guide cup 14, interacting with the springs 12 and installed with a gap in the hole 15 made in the support wall 6, for free sliding relative to the housing 2. Vertical guides are made in the side walls of the housing 2 grooves 16, into which the ends of the axis 10 are inserted with the possibility of movement along each groove 16, which makes it possible for the support 13 together with the axis 10 to move vertically at a distance "h" (Fig. 3). The length of the groove 16 is limited by the stroke of the springs 12.

To prevent rotation of the wheels when the truck stops, one of the side bolts 17 is inserted into one of the side walls of the housing 2 with the possibility of abutment in the wheel rim 3.

In order to be able to replace the housings 2 together with the wheel assembly, the groove on the base of the lodgement 1 of the joint 9 of the protrusion-trough type is made over the entire width of the base 7 of the lodgement 1.

To replace the wheel 3, the side walls of the housing 2 are made integral with the junction of the parts in the area of the groove 16 with the possibility of joining the parts with fasteners 18.

The device operates as follows.

When transporting SPEs, at least two trolleys are used.

The transportation of SPEs on platforms of automobile or other than railway transport is carried out using support stands 4 attached to two lodges 1, while the complete wheels 3 do not touch the platform. Before installing the SPV on the rail, the pedestals 4 are removed.

To maintain the safety of transporting the SPV along the rail track, it is necessary to ensure reliable contact of the wheels with the rails, especially when moving along curved sections of the track and on rails that have rail track defects.

When the trolley moves along a curved section of the rail track, the installation of each of the two wheels 3 on an independent axis 10 allows the trolley to be rotated when inscribed in curves and in combination with radial double-row spherical bearings 11, it makes it possible to transport the SPV along a track that has rail track defects. As is known, bearings of this type [Orlov P.I. Design Basics: Reference and methodological manual. In 2 kn. Book 2. / Ed. P.N. Uchaeva. - 3rd ed., Rev. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1988, p. 407] allow a certain freedom of movement of one clip relative to another, they are often used as floating supports. So when hitting the rails installed with an inclination to each other, the outer cage of these bearings 11, having an inner spherical surface, can be displaced relative to the barrel-shaped rollers, allowing the skew of the wheel 3 relative to the lower cage of the bearings 11 mounted on the axis 10, thereby allowing the skew of the wheels 3 with the possibility of their rotation and maintaining their contact with the rail head. According to GOST 5721-75, the selected bearings can operate with radial dynamic loads of up to 27,000 kgf and axial loads of up to 4,525 kgf, which meets the requirements for safe transportation of SPEs.

In the event of a difference in height between the rails, the worst situation is when two wheels out of four (on condition of two trolleys) can lose contact with the rails during the movement of the SPV due to a gap. To eliminate this situation, the design provides for the possibility of movement in the direction of decreasing the resulting gap between the wheel 3 and the rail due to the compression force of the Belleville spring (s) 12. The load from the tool tray 1 of the transported medium to the axis 10 is transmitted through the movable with respect to the body 2 in the vertical direction a spring-loaded support 13 with an axial guide cup 14, sliding in the hole 15 of the support wall 6 of the housing 2. In this case, the axis 10 moves along the groove 16 to the maximum possible distance "h" (Fig. 2), which is determined based on the curvature of the rail track and the mass of the SPV, by selecting the necessary characteristics of the springs 12 and the length of the groove 16.

In the case of a divergence of the track (distance between the rails) at the rail track, the wheel descent from the rail is limited by the forces that arise when the flanges of the wheel 3 interact with the rail head.

With the simultaneous occurrence of any combination of defects, for example: tilt and drop of rails, tilt and divergence, etc., the design of the trolley with independent wheels provides constant contact with the rails, which increases the reliability and safety of transportation of SPEs containing highly toxic, environmentally hazardous products.

If it is necessary to replace the wheels, lateral supports are attached to the base of the cradle, in height exceeding the lower level of the wheels assembly, which allows free access to the wheels.

The company tested rail carts, the results of which confirm the provision of reliable wheel contact when moving along curved sections of the rail track and on rails that have rail track defects during the transportation of SPEs that meet environmental safety requirements. The device is simple to manufacture, assemble and disassemble, reduces the cost of servicing the cart.

So, the presented information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the invention:

- a device embodying the invention, in its implementation is intended for use in rail transport and can be used for transportation of goods by rail, in particular for the transport of special cameras (SPE) that meet environmental safety requirements;

- the tool embodying the invention, when implemented, is able to provide reliable wheel contact when moving along curved sections of the rail track and on rails having rail track defects during the transportation of the SPE that meets environmental safety requirements, simplifying the design, and reducing maintenance costs;

- for the claimed device in the form in which it is described in the claims, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described in the application and known prior to the priority date is confirmed.

Therefore, the invention meets the condition of "industrial applicability".

Claims (3)

1. Rail truck, containing the support platform and running wheels with flanges, located on the axles and having bearings, characterized in that each wheel is placed in a separate housing attached to the support platform in the form of a lodgement, and mounted on the axle in self-aligning radial spherical bearings, spring-loaded support fixed to the axis is inserted into each housing with the possibility of moving relative to it; vertical guide grooves are made in the side walls of the housing, into which the ends of the axis are inserted with the possibility of Movement along each groove, the length of which is limited by the working stroke of the spring. 2. The rail truck according to claim 1, characterized in that on the supporting surfaces the platform and each body are fastened together by a detachable protrusion-cavity type and fasteners. 3. Rail cart according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with removable bearings located on the tool tray, in height exceeding the lower level of the wheels assembly.

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