RU2626474C1 - Method for determining depth of penetration of armour-piercing all-body caliber and sub-caliber projectiles into thick-walled obstacle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: method for determining the depth of penetration of armour-piercing all-body caliber and sub-caliber projectiles into a thick-walled obstacle includes a shot by a projectile along an obstacle and the subsequent determination of its velocity by a Doppler locator before and after the hitting of the obstacle. The axis of the pattern direction of the radar antenna is oriented at the smallest angle to the final part of the trajectory of the projectile. The speed of the projectile is determined by the signal reflected from its bottom tail section. The penetration depth is determined by integrating the dependence of the velocity of the projectile from the start of the deceleration to the zero value obtained from the measurement results.

EFFECT: method allows to increase the accuracy of the velocity measurement of the projectile, to obtain more reliable information in assessing the breakdown effect of projectiles.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of testing of ammunition and can be used to assess the breakdown effect of armor-piercing all-body (solid) caliber and sub-caliber shells with a detachable pallet.

A number of methods are known for measuring the parameters of penetration of an obstacle by a missile element / 1-3 /, for example, a bullet, an artillery shell, or a cumulative jet, which measure the time intervals of passage of the blocking planes of an obstacle at a given distance, with the subsequent determination of the speed of the missile element passing between them, in places of separation of blocking planes place measuring transducers in the form of mesh electrodes or frames with insulated conductors made in parallel , the gap of which is fixed in each plane, the coordinates of the deformation of the barrier by the missile element by means of appropriate processing and registration devices.

The disadvantage of these methods is the need for introducing into the barrier at predetermined intervals measuring transducers, which violates its continuity and initial strength characteristics, and, thus, affects the adequacy of the results obtained by the actual conditions for the use of ammunition. In addition, these methods do not take into account the possible backward action of the missile element, i.e. possible rupture of the measuring transducer by a fragment of an obstacle even in the event of its non-penetration and the generation of a “false” signal by it.

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a method for evaluating the breakdown action of a remote munition / 4 /.

The method consists in the fact that the erosion of the warhead warhead carried by the device initiating in the blasting chamber within the dihedral angle ΔΘ, a predetermined distance is set fixed barrier predetermined thickness, determine the average speed V ₁ field defeat the warhead from the time dependence of filtered frequency Doppler signals reflected from part of the defeat field flying within the dihedral angle ΔΘ from the moment of detonation of the warhead to the moment of hit of the striking elements (PE) of the ammunition destruction field to a fixed obstacle, determine the average speed V ₂ of the battlefield’s destruction field from the time dependence of the filtered Doppler frequencies of the signals reflected from a part of the defeated field after penetrating the fixed obstacle by the striking elements of the ammunition’s destruction field and determine the penetration rate of the ammunition’s destruction field.

The speed meters of the striking elements of the ammunition damage field are set so that the axes of the radiation patterns of the measuring antennas make up an acute angle α with the plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the ammunition and the transverse axis of the slit of the explosive chamber.

It is proposed to determine the penetration rate of the ammunition damage field by the formula Kpr = (V ₁ + V ₂ ) / V ₁ . If Kpr = 1, the penetration ability of the ammunition damage field is considered unsatisfactory, if 1 <Kpr <1.5 - satisfactory, and if Kpr> 1.5 - high.

In this case, the velocities V ₁ and V _{2 are} defined as the arithmetic mean velocities of the leading and trailing PE ammunition before and after the obstacle.

The disadvantages of this method include the following:

1) The need to use two measuring devices.

2) The method is not acceptable for assessing the depth of through penetration of PE in the case of a thick-walled barrier.

3) There is a high probability of measurement error in the case of being in the same plane with the axis of the radiation pattern of the antennas of the meters of two or more near-flying PE.

The technical task of the invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks, as well as providing the ability to determine the penetration depth of armor-piercing whole-body (solid) caliber or sub-caliber shells with a detachable pallet in a thick-walled barrier with incomplete penetration (jam).

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the known method for determining the penetration depth of an armor-piercing whole-body (solid) caliber and sub-caliber projectile, including firing a projectile at an obstacle and then determining its speed with a Doppler locator before and after the obstacle is hit, the axis of the radiation pattern in accordance with the invention the antenna of the locator is oriented at the smallest possible angle to the final part of the projectile’s trajectory, the velocity of the projectile is determined by the reflection signal Nome from its bottom (rear) part, and the penetration depth is directly determined by integrating the results obtained by measuring the projectile velocity dependence of motion from the beginning of braking to zero.

Thus, the proposed method differs from the prototype in the following new features:

1) The orientation of the axis of the antenna locator antenna at a small angle to the final part of the projectile;

2) Determination of the velocity of the projectile by the signal reflected from its bottom (tail) part;

3) Obtaining the "desired" result, i.e. determining the depth of penetration of the projectile into the obstacle, by mathematical processing, which consists in integrating the obtained dependence of the velocity of the projectile on the start of braking when meeting the obstacle until it stops completely.

Moreover, unlike the prototype, the method for its implementation as a means of measurement requires only one Doppler locator.

Orientation of the antenna radiation pattern of the Doppler radar at the smallest possible angle to the final part of the projectile trajectory will allow, firstly, to avoid the influence of the propellant’s combustion products generated during the shot in the muzzle of the gun’s barrel and, secondly, to fix the signal reflected directly from the bottom (tail) part of the projectile, i.e. from the same surface of constant size, which will increase the accuracy of measurements. When using a high-frequency (short-wave with a wavelength shorter than the caliber of the projectile) locator, this will make it possible to monitor a projectile that has completely penetrated the obstacle and is moving inside it.

In the general case, the velocity of a projectile as a material body is described as

V = dS / dt,

where V is the velocity of the projectile, m / s;

S - displacement, m;

t is the time, s.

Then, knowing the dependence of the change in velocity on time, the displacement can be defined as an integral of the form

,

,

where tн - the initial moment of time - the meeting of the projectile with an obstacle and the beginning of braking, s;

tк - final time point - projectile stop in an obstacle, - jam, sec.

The invention is illustrated by the following graphic information.

In FIG. 1 shows the stages of the process of interaction of a projectile with an obstacle in case of incomplete penetration.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the conditional dependence of the velocity of the projectile on the final part of the trajectory and when it penetrates the barrier material until it stops completely (stuck).

By way of example and explanation of the method of FIG. 1 (a, b), a diagram of the target situation at certain fixed points in time is presented. FIG. 1, a - partial penetration, the projectile moves inside the obstacle with deceleration; FIG. 1, b - the projectile is completely stopped by the obstacle.

A projectile 2 penetrates into a thick-walled barrier 1, the speed of which is determined by a signal (conventionally shown by a dashed line in the illustration) reflected from its bottom (tail) part by means of a Doppler radar 3. The axis of the antenna diagram of radar 4 is oriented at the most small angle α to the final part trajectory of the projectile 5. When the projectile penetrates the obstacle, an opening 6 is formed in it.

When using a high-frequency Doppler radar with a wavelength shorter than the caliber of the projectile, the process of observing a projectile that has completely penetrated and is moving in an obstacle continues until it stops completely (Fig. 1, b).

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a variant of the characteristic graphical dependence of the velocity of the projectile on the final part of the trajectory and when it penetrates the obstacle material until it stops completely (getting stuck).

The velocity of the projectile varies from the initial value of Vc, corresponding to the moment the projectile touches the obstacle (tn), to zero when completely stopped, in the obstacle (tk), respectively, during the time interval from tn to tk.

As already shown above, the magnitude of the displacement of the projectile in the obstacle is determined by the integral:

.

.

Because According to the measurement results, both graphical and analytical dependences Vc (t), a solution to this integral, i.e. finding the numerical value of the penetration depth of the projectile into the obstacle can be performed either analytically, or, in the presence of a graphical dependence, by determining the area of the figure under the curve Vc (t) (the shaded area in Fig. 2).

Integration operation, i.e. numerical determination of the penetration depth of the projectile into the obstacle can be performed using modern software, which makes it possible to process test results in almost real time.

Using the proposed method will improve the accuracy of measuring the velocity of the projectile both at the final section of the trajectory before the defeat of the obstacle, and when it moves deep into the obstacle, to obtain more reliable information when evaluating the breakdown effect of armor-piercing whole-body (solid) caliber and sub-caliber shells with a detachable pallet, and also reduce material costs for testing.

Information sources

1. Patent CN 103335566 A, F42B 35/00. Grid mesh target shell penetration depth testing device. 2013 year

2. Patent CN 203534363 U, F42B 35/00. Grating net target shell penetration depth testing device. 2013 year

3. RF patent No. 2399861, F41J 5/044. A method for measuring the parameters of penetration of a barrier by a missile element, for example, a bullet or an artillery shell, or a cumulative stream, and a device that implements this method. 2009 year

4. RF patent No. 2491501, F42B 35/00. A method for evaluating the breakdown effect of a remote munition and a device for its implementation. 2012 (prototype)

Claims (1)

A method for determining the penetration depth of armor-piercing whole-body caliber and sub-caliber shells into a thick-walled barrier, including firing a projectile at a thick-walled barrier and subsequently determining its speed with a Doppler locator before and after hitting the obstacle, characterized in that the directional axis of the radar antenna is oriented at the most small angle to the final part the trajectory of the projectile, the velocity of the projectile is determined by the signal reflected from its bottom tail, and directly g Ubin penetration is determined by integrating the results obtained by measuring the projectile velocity dependence of motion from the beginning of braking to zero.

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