RU2625885C2 - Gas-compressor unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: gas-compressor unit contains an air path, which in turn contains an air intake, a compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a shaft connecting the compressor and the gas turbine, a free turbine connected to the gas compressor and a fuel gas supply system to the combustion chamber with the fuel line. The fuel gas supply system comprises a water electrolyser and a hydrogen and oxygen mixer with a fuel gas installed in front of the combustion chamber.

EFFECT: increasing performance of a gas turbine engine used as a drive for a gas-compressor unit on natural gas by increasing the completeness of fuel combustion in a gas turbine engine, improving its specific characteristics and reducing emissions of harmful substances.

18 cl, 24 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building, specifically to gas pumping units - GPA, designed for pumping natural gas. The gas pumping unit is driven by a gas turbine engine.

The main part of natural gas is methane (CH ₄ ) - from 70 to 98%. The composition of natural gas may also include heavier hydrocarbons - methane homologs:

ethane (C ₂ H ₆ ),

- propane (C ₃ H ₈ ),

- butane (C ₄ H ₁₀ ).

as well as other non-hydrocarbon substances:

Currently, the main mode of transport is pipeline. Gas at a pressure of 75 atm is pumped through pipes up to 1.4 m in diameter. As the gas moves through the pipeline, it loses potential energy, overcoming friction forces both between the gas and the pipe wall, and between the gas layers, which are dissipated in the form of heat. Therefore, at certain intervals, it is necessary to build compressor stations at which gas is usually compressed to a pressure of 55 to 120 atm and then cooled

Known gas pumping unit according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2450139, IPC F02C 1/00, publ. 05/10/2012

The gas-pumping unit contains a compressor, a gas-turbine drive, a gas-oil heat exchanger, a lubrication and cooling system for bearings of a gas-turbine drive, formed by oil pipelines, an oil filter, a gas-oil heat exchanger, an oil tank with an oil heater installed in it, oil temperature control sensors, and a fuel gas supply system to the chamber gas turbine drive combustion formed by gas pipelines, gas filter, the same gas-oil heat exchanger, gas heater, regulator yes the gas pressure, gas temperature control sensor. In the circuit of the lubrication and cooling system of the bearings of the gas-turbine drive, the oil line for supplying oil to the gas-oil heat exchanger and the oil line for removing oil from the gas-oil heat exchanger are connected by an oil jumper with a controllable control valve installed in it, which opens when the unit starts up. In the circuit of the fuel gas supply system to the combustion chamber of the gas turbine drive, the gas pipeline for supplying gas to the gas-oil heat exchanger and the gas pipe for withdrawing gas from the gas-oil heat exchanger are interconnected by a jumper pipe with a control valve installed in it.

The disadvantage is the complexity of the design.

Known gas pumping unit according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 155146, IPC F02C 6/00, publ. 09/20/2015, the prototype.

The gas pumping unit comprises an air path, which in turn contains an air intake, a compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a shaft connecting a compressor and a gas turbine, a free turbine connected to a gas compressor and a fuel gas supply system to the combustion chamber with a fuel line and a fuel activator,

The disadvantages of this gas compressor are low efficiency of the unit and emission of harmful substances of carbon, carbon oxides and nitrogen. In addition, carbon is formed during natural discharge in natural gas, which leads to coking of the nozzles. The use of ozone causes corrosion of engine parts.

The very low efficiency of the fuel activator is due to the fact that the lifetime of radicals arising from an electric discharge in methane is about 30 nanoseconds.

From (articles by A. V. Kiryukov, V. V. Ryzhkov, and A. I. Suslov, “Kinetics of Free Radicals in a Spark Discharge Plasma in Methane,” Letters in ZhTF, 1999, Volume 25, Issue 19), it is known that methane conversions radicals are formed. The lifetime of CH2 radicals is about 30 nanoseconds. During this time, their concentration decreases 100 times (Fig. 24) and they practically do not affect the activation of combustion ...

Objectives of the invention: improving the energy capabilities of a gas turbine engine used as a drive of a gas pumping unit.

Achieved technical results: increasing the completeness of combustion in a gas turbine engine, improving its specific characteristics and reducing emissions of harmful substances.

The solution of these problems was achieved in a gas pumping unit containing an air path, which, in turn, contains an air intake, a compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a shaft connecting the compressor and a gas turbine, a free turbine connected to a gas compressor and a fuel gas supply system to the chamber combustion with a fuel line and a fuel activator, in that the fuel gas supply system comprises a water electrolyzer and a hydrogen and oxygen mixer with fuel gas mounted in front of the combustion chamber. The electrolyzer can be connected through a pipeline containing a pump to a water tank. The electrolyzer can be made in the form of a sealed container, inside of which two electrodes are installed, connected by electric wires to a source of electricity. A rheostat can be installed between the power source and one of the electrodes.

The gas pumping unit may comprise an air activator. The air activator can be installed in the air duct. As an air activator, an ionizer may be used. An ozonizer can be used as an air activator. An air activator can be installed in the input device. The air activator can be installed in the air intake. An air activator can be installed behind the compressor. An air activator can be installed between the compressor steps.

The air activator can be installed outside the engine. The air activator installed outside the engine may have an input connected to the outlet of the compressor, and the output is connected to the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber can be made with a second group of nozzles to which an outlet from the air activator is connected. The outlet of the air activator can be connected to the cavity between the compressor and the combustion chamber.

Details of the air intake and compressor can be made of aluminum alloys. The parts of the combustion chamber, primarily the flame tube, nozzle plate and manifold are coated with heat-resistant enamel.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 ... 24, where:

- in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a gas pumping unit with an air activator installed in the input device,

- in FIG. 2 shows the electric power supply circuit of the electrolyzer with electric energy,

- in FIG. 3 shows the electrical circuit for powering the electrolyzer with electric energy from an electric generator,

- in FIG. 4 shows a diagram of a gas pumping unit with an air activator installed in the gas turbine intake,

- in FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a gas pumping unit with an air activator installed in the gas turbine intake,

- in FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a gas turbine engine with an air activator installed behind the compressor,

- in FIG. 7 shows a diagram of a gas turbine engine with an air activator installed between the compressor stages,

- Figs 8 and 9 show a diagram of a radial installation of electrodes,

- in FIG. 10 and 11 shows a diagram of the parallel installation of electrodes,

- in FIG. 12 and 13 shows a diagram of a cantilever radial installation of electrodes,

- in FIG. 14 and 15 show a diagram of a console parallel installation of electrodes,

- in FIG. 16 shows the design of the section of two electrodes,

- in FIG. 17 shows a section aa, the first option,

- in FIG. 18 shows a section aa, the second option,

- in FIG. 19 shows a section aa, the third option,

- in FIG. 20 shows a diagram of a gas turbine engine with an air activator mounted outside the engine,

- in FIG. 21 shows the design of the remote air activator,

- in FIG. 22 shows a combustion chamber,

- in FIG. 23 shows a second embodiment of a combustion chamber,

- in FIG. 24 shows the lifetime of the radicals.

The proposed gas compressor unit (Fig. 1 ... 24) contains a gas turbine engine 1, an input device 2, an exhaust device 3, a free turbine 4, which, in turn, contains a housing 5, a nozzle apparatus 6 and an impeller 7 with impellers 8. The impeller 7 a shaft 9 is connected to a discharge compressor 10 comprising an inlet casing 11, an outlet casing 12 and a centrifugal impeller 13. An inlet gas pipe 14 is connected to the inlet casing 11, and an outlet gas pipe 15 is connected to the outlet casing 12. (Natural gas purification and cooling means in Fig. 1 ... 2 4 are not shown.)

The gas turbine engine 1 includes an air path 16, which, in turn, contains an air intake 17, a compressor 18 and a cavity 19 behind the compressor 18 and in front of the combustion chamber 20. The air path 16 also includes an input device 2 that is not related to the design of the gas turbine engine 1.

Behind the combustion chamber 20, a turbine 21 is installed and a gas path 22 is made connecting the outlet of the combustion chamber 20 with the entrance to a free turbine 4.

The compressor 18 contains several stages, each of which contains a guide apparatus 23 and an impeller 24 (Fig. 1). The turbine 21 contains at least one stage. Each stage of the compressor 18 contains a nozzle apparatus 25 and an impeller 26.

The combustion chamber 20 contains a flame tube 27, a nozzle plate 28 with nozzles 29 and a manifold 30 in front of the nozzle plate 28, designed to supply fuel gas to the nozzles 29 through special channels in the nozzle plate 28 ..

The construction of the combustion chamber 20 is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 20 and 21. The shaft 31 connects the impellers 24 of the compressor 18 and the impeller 26 of the turbine 21 and is mounted on the supports 32 and 33. The supports may be more than two.

The fuel gas supply system comprises a fuel line 34, one end of which is connected to an outlet gas pipe 15, and the other end to a manifold 30 of the combustion chamber 20. In the fuel line 34, a flow regulator 35 and a valve 36 are installed.

Thus, the power of the 20 GPA combustion chamber is supplied by gas pumped by the turbopump unit itself.

The first feature of the proposed GPA is the presence of an electrolyzer 37 and a mixer 38, to the first input 39 of which a fuel line 34 is connected. (Figs. 1 and 2).

Connected to a second inlet 40 is a Brown gas supply pipe 41 with a valve 42.

Brown gas is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen obtained as a result of electrolysis of water in electrolysis cell 37. The electrolyzer acts as an activator of the combustion process and Brown gas has an unlimited lifetime.

The water electrolyzer 37 (Fig. 2) contains a sealed housing 43, inside which two electrodes 44 and 45 are installed, to which electric wires 46 are connected, connecting them to the power supply unit 47, the input of which is connected by low voltage wires 48 to an electric power source 49, for example battery. One of the electrical wires 46 comprises a switch 50 and a rheostat 51.

A pipe 52 is connected to the electrolyzer 37 with a pump 53 having a drive 54. The other end of the pipe 52 is connected to a water tank 55.

The output 56 of the mixer 38 is connected to the entrance to the combustion chamber 20.

Activation of fuel with Brown gas allows changing its chemical composition in the direction of the predominance of a higher content of methane and hydrogen. Given that such a mixture will have a greater calorific value, the power of the GTA and its efficiency will increase sharply.

At the same time, activation of inlet air — with the formation of OZ ozone in it — significantly increases its oxidizing ability and, therefore, provides an increase in the completeness of methane combustion in the combustion chamber. When burning activated gaseous fuel mixed with activated air in the chamber, more complete combustion of the fuel assemblies occurs and pressure increases on the blades of the output turbine. With more complete combustion of fuel assemblies, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide (poisonous gas), water vapor are formed in the exhaust gases, after which water enters into a reaction with nitrogen dioxide and neutralizes it, as a result, we obtain a decrease in fuel gas consumption and a significant reduction in nitrogen dioxide emissions.

Similar approaches to the activation of fuel gas (methane) have not yet been applied, in gas pumping stations - the only thing that methane is used to produce hydrogen and crystals of solid carbon from industrial methane. At Gazprom, they are trying to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions only by low-emission combustion chambers (a more thorough mixture of air and methane). An activator using Brown gas will serve as an additional source of reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

This activator can be used on any gas turbine engine, the only thing that can vary the power of the activator, depending on the amount of fuel consumed (power and efficiency of the gas generator - the basis of gas turbine engines).

To ensure power supply to the water electrolyzer 37, a generator 59 is connected to the shaft 31 through the gear 57 (Fig. 3) by a sampling shaft 58, which is connected by a low-voltage wire 48 to a power source 49, which is connected by a wire 46 to the electrolyzer 37, more precisely, to its electrodes 44 and 45.

If an aircraft gas turbine engine is used as a GPU power plant, such an electric generator is provided in its design.

The second feature of the proposed GPA is the presence of an air activator 60 installed in the air duct 16 or in the input device 2 or outside the engine 1 (Figs. 1 and 4). The air activator 60 contains two electrodes 61 and 62 (Fig. 1 and 4). Moreover, it can be installed anywhere in the air path 16 (Fig. 5 ... 7) or outside the engine (Fig. 22 and 23). The installation of the air activator 60 outside the gas turbine engine 1 will allow the GPA to be finalized on its own, without resorting to the services of engine manufacturers.

The air activator 60 (Fig. 4) contains two electrodes 61 and 62, between which an electric field occurs.

Depending on the voltage between the electrodes 61 and 62 and the distance between them, ions or ozone or a mixture of them will form in the air, i.e. the air activator 60 will act as an ionizer or ozonizer. For energy supply of the air activator 60, a second high voltage block 63 is used (Figs. 1 and 4).

Ozone

, «пахну») - простое вещество состава О₃, одно из аллотропических видоизменений элемента кислорода. В отличие от наиболее распространенной в атмосфере Земли молекулярной формы, кислорода О₂ молекула озона состоит из трех атомов. Чистый озон при обыкновенных условиях представляет из себя резко пахнущий взрывчатый газ, в толстом слое синего цвета, обладает сильнейшими окислительными свойствами.Ozone (O ₃ ) (from Greek

, “I smell”) - a simple substance of composition O ₃ , one of the allotropic modifications of the oxygen element. In contrast to the molecular form that is most widespread in the Earth’s atmosphere, oxygen O ₂ the ozone molecule consists of three atoms. Under ordinary conditions, pure ozone is a sharp-smelling explosive gas, in a thick layer of blue, has the strongest oxidizing properties.

Physical properties

- Boiling point: -111.9 ° C

- Critical temperature: -12.1 ° C

- Decomposition start temperature:

- Heat of formation (liquid) (kcal / mol): +30.4

- Heat of formation (gas) (kcal / mol):

- Heat of fusion (kcal / mol): 0.5

- Heat of vaporization: (kcal / mol): 3,626

- Critical pressure, 54.6 atm:

- Density:

- Density is critical:

Ozone is well soluble in water (under normal conditions, 0.45 volume / 1 volume of water) and at the same time its aqueous solution acquires a thin bluish color. Ozone is much better dissolved in various chlorine and fluorinated hydrocarbons (freons), for example, under normal conditions, 3 volumes of ozone / 1 volume are dissolved in carbon tetrachloride and the solution has a beautiful and saturated blue color.

Chemical properties

Ozone formation is reversible

.

.

Ozone is a very reactive chemical substance, the chemical activity of which is extremely high. This property is due to the fact that the triatomic ozone molecule is capable of light decomposition and additional energy release (ozone is endothermic). The released oxygen atom has an extremely high activity, enhanced by additional energy. So, for example, at room temperature, ozone interacts with almost all chemical elements and their chemical compounds. Under the action of gaseous ozone, all metals except Au, Pt, Ir are converted to oxides or covered with a thin oxide film, sulfides, selenides, tellurides are oxidized to sulfates, selenates, tellurides, ammonia is oxidized to nitrous and nitric acids, etc. Rubber is extremely rapidly destroyed by ozone (embrittlement and crumbles into powder), and many combustible organic substances (alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, etc.) ignite or explode in contact with ozone. After some surface oxidation, Cu, Ni, Sn and carbon-free alloys of iron with 25% chromium are quite resistant to ozone. Bacteria, fungi and viruses, when interacting with ozone, are completely destroyed, which is widely used to disinfect a wide variety of environments. In the presence of small amounts of HNO _3, ozone is stabilized, and in sealed containers of glass, some plastics or pure metals, ozone practically does not decompose at low temperatures (-78 ° C).

To power the air activator 60, a second high voltage block 63 is designed, which is connected to the electrodes 61 and 62 by the output of the high voltage wires 46 and connected to the electric energy source by the low voltage wires 48 (Fig. 1 and)

In more detail, the design of the air activator 60 is shown in Fig.8 ... 15. The air activator 60 contains, in addition to the electrodes 61 and 62, an internal dielectric casing 64 and an external dielectric casing 65 installed inside the casing 66 of the gas turbine engine 1. Moreover, the electrodes 61 and 62 can be installed radially (Fig. 8 and 9) or in parallel (Fig. 10 and 11). The electrodes 61 and 62 can be made radial and cantilever (Fig. 12 and 13) or parallel and cantilever (Fig. 14 and 15).

The electrodes 61 and 62 can be made in the form of parallel plates with sharp edges 67 (Fig. 16) or in the form of rhombuses (Fig. 17) or in the form of streamlined profiles (Fig. 18). The electrodes 61 and 62 form a section that is mounted on tides on the casing 66 of the turbine engine 1 with a cover 68 of electrical insulating material (Fig. 19). Sharp edges 66 contribute to the activation of the electric discharge process.

The second version of the gas compressor unit (Fig. 20) with an external air activator 60 further comprises an air sampling pipe 69 connected to the outlet of the compressor 18, connected to an air activator 60, the outlet of which is connected by a pipe 70 to the combustion chamber 20.

The design of the remote air activator 60 is shown in FIG. 21. The air activator 60 comprises a cylindrical body 71 of dielectric material, to which the inlet and outlet pipes 72 and 73 are connected. In the chamber 74 inside the cylindrical body 71, electrodes 61 and 62 are mounted on the holders 75 and 76.

The combustion chamber 20 for the second version of the gas compressor with remote activator of air 60 (Fig. 22) contains a flame tube 27, nozzle pita 28 and nozzle 29. A collector 30 is mounted on the nozzle plate 29.

In addition, the combustion chamber 20 comprises a second collector 77 and a second group of nozzles 78. Nozzles 29 are connected to the collector 30, and a second group of nozzles 78 for ionized air or ozone are connected to the second collector 77. Under the flame tube 27, an inner casing 80 is installed, forming an inner channel 81 with the flame tube 27. An external channel 83 is formed between the housing 82 of the combustion chamber 20 and the flame tube 27. The openings 84 are made in the flame tube 27. All parts of the combustion chamber 20 are primarily flame pipe 27 must be coated with heat-resistant enamel.

A third option is possible (Fig. 23) when air with an admixture of ions and ozone is supplied before the nozzle plate 28. This option allows you to actually implement the proposed technical solution without significant modifications to the gas turbine engine 1.

The harmful effects of ozone on the details of the body of the gas turbine engine 1 and the combustion chamber 20 are excluded. Aluminum alloys are covered with a thin film of aluminum oxide and subsequently the alloy does not oxidize to a depth. Details of the combustion chamber are coated with heat-resistant enamel.

GPA WORK

When the gas pumping unit is operating (Fig. 1 ... 24), it is started by supplying electricity to the starter from an external energy source (Fig. 1 ... 24 does not show the starter). Then open the valve 36 (Fig. 1) and fuel gas from the exhaust pipe 15 through the fuel pipe 34 through the flow regulator 35 and the valve 36 is supplied to the manifold 30 and then to the nozzles 29 of the combustion chamber 20. Passing the mixer 37, the Brown gas is mixed with the fuel coming from the cell 38 and there is an increase in energy activity of the fuel and activation of fuel gas. At the same time, air from the atmosphere enters the air path 16 and passes through the air activator 60, in which ions and / or ozone are formed depending on the voltage at the output of the high voltage source 53. Ions and / or ozone generated due to discharges between the electrodes 60 and 61 of the high voltage supplied through high-voltage wires 22 to the air activator 60. Air is activated with the formation of ozone.

In the presence of a remote air activator 60, an insignificant (from 1 to 3%) part of the air consumed by the gas turbine engine 1 passes through it (Figs. 21 and 22). But this scheme will allow you to abandon the refinement of the combustion chamber 20. Into the combustion chamber 20 enters a mixture of air with ionized air (and / or ozone) and activated fuel. Considering that ionized air and ozone have higher oxidizing properties, the fuel burns more fully, and a higher temperature of the combustion products is formed during combustion. This increases its energy potential on turbine 21 and on free turbine 4. In addition, given that the calorific value of hydrogen is 3 times higher than that of natural gas, the addition of each percent of Brown gas increases the efficiency of engine 1 by about 3%. Given that the temperature of the combustion products at the inlet to the turbine 21 always has a design limit value, it is possible to reduce fuel consumption to maintain a given temperature.

The simultaneous use of all measures (fuel gas activator and air activator) will lead to fuel savings of 10 ... 20%. The use of an electrolyzer and a fuel activator will reduce the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere during GPU operation due to the intensification of the combustion process in the combustion chamber.

The application of the invention allowed:

1. To increase the efficiency of the gas pumping unit due to more complete combustion of hydrocarbon fuel, which is achieved by the use of activators of fuel gas and air.

2. To reduce the exhaust into the atmosphere of harmful substances, carbon - C and carbon oxides - CO and nitrogen oxides.

3. Ensure the operation of the gas compressor during operation at high altitudes (in high mountain regions) through the use of ionized air or ozone.

4. At maximum conditions, increase the compression ratio of the compressor of the gas turbine engine by implementing more complete combustion of the fuel and increasing the power of the main and free turbines.

Claims (18)

1. A gas pumping unit containing an air path, comprising, in turn, an air intake, a compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a shaft connecting the compressor and a gas turbine, a free turbine connected to a gas compressor, and a fuel gas supply system to the combustion chamber with a fuel pipe characterized in that the fuel gas supply system comprises a water electrolyzer and a mixer of hydrogen and oxygen with fuel gas mounted in front of the combustion chamber. 2. Gas pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyzer is connected by a pipeline containing a pump with a water tank. 3. The gas pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyzer is made in the form of a sealed container, inside which two electrodes are installed, connected by electric wires to a source of electricity. 4. The gas pumping unit according to claim 4, characterized in that a rheostat is installed between the electric power source and one of the electrodes. 5. The gas pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an air activator. 6. The gas pumping unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the air activator is installed in the air duct. 7. The gas pumping unit according to claim 6, characterized in that an ionizer is used as an air activator. 8. The gas pumping unit according to claim 6, characterized in that an ozonizer is used as an air activator. 9. The gas pumping unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the air activator is installed in the input device. 10. The gas pumping unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the air activator is installed in the air intake. 11. Gas pumping unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the air activator is installed behind the compressor. 12. Gas pumping unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the air activator is installed between the stages of the compressor. 13. Gas pumping unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the air activator is installed outside the engine. 14. The gas pumping unit according to p. 13, characterized in that the air activator installed outside the engine has an input connected to the outlet of the compressor, and the output is connected to the combustion chamber. 15. The gas pumping unit according to claim 13, characterized in that the combustion chamber is made with a second group of nozzles, to which an outlet from the air activator is connected. 16. The gas pumping unit according to claim 13, characterized in that the outlet of the air activator is connected to the cavity between the compressor and the combustion chamber. 17. The gas pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts of the air intake and compressor are made of aluminum alloys. 18. The gas pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the details of the combustion chamber, in particular the flame tube, nozzle plate and manifold, are coated with heat-resistant enamel.

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