RU2624346C2 - Piano - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: piano has 88 keys and a corresponding string clothing. It has 38 black and 50 white keys. The repeating element in the keyboard is a sequence of 16 keys - nine basic white and seven additional black ones. The keyboard has a form shown in Fig. 1, the piano sound range is of 68.303 Hz to 2959.988 Hz. The basis of the piano scale is the frequency of 369.997 Hz, corresponding to the note F-sharp of the classical scale.

EFFECT: ability to create and apply new musical modes that can not be realized in the traditional 12-step evenly-tempered scale of the classical piano, the possibility of obtaining halftones, which in absolute sound are smaller and thinner than the halftones of the traditional 12-step one.

2 cl, 2 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to keyboard-stringed musical instruments, namely to a piano with a new scale.

The keyboard of a classical piano has 88 keys, of which 36 are black and 52 are white; its scale is divided into octaves, each of which has 12 keys and midtones. The range of sound frequencies of a classical piano from 27.5 Hz to 4186.0 Hz / for example, Dolzhansky A.N. Brief Music Dictionary. 6th ed., Rev. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Lan", 2003. - 448 p. and tab - s. from. 332-333 and tab - prototype.

In a traditional piano, the basis of the musical system is a 12-step uniformly-tempered scale. The semitones of this scale (the intervals between adjacent steps) in terms of absolute sound are somewhat rough, and the system based on them no longer allows composers and musicians to express the needs that develop in the process of musical creation with a lively intonation sound, which also causes insufficient expressiveness of a traditional piano / for example , V.A. Klopov The uniformly-tempered system is a myth or reality. http://afmforum.ru/static.php?p=klopov8 /.

The task to be solved and the expected technical result are to create a piano based on a 16-step uniformly-temperated musical system, called by the author the Fa-Ohm scale, whose half tones in absolute sound are slightly less or thinner than the half-tones of a traditional 12-step.

The problem is solved in that the proposed piano, which has 88 keys and corresponding string clothes, is characterized in that it has 38 black and 50 white keys, and the repeating element in the keyboard is a sequence of 16 keys - nine main white and seven additional black keys, the keyboard has the form shown in FIG. 1, the range of piano sound from a frequency of 68.303 Hz to a frequency of 2959.988 Hz, the frequency of 369.997 Hz, corresponding to the note F-sharp of a classical scale, is adopted as the basis of the piano scale.

The piano string clothes are selected in such a way that the strings have a diameter calculated by the formula D = K / L * F, where D is the diameter of the string, K is a constant characteristic of the tension of the string clothing of the instrument, which ranges from 1445 to 1800, L is the length of the string, F is the frequency of sound.

FIG. 1 illustrates the keyboard of the claimed piano, which consists of 88 keys: 38 black and 50 white. The keyboard has five repeating elements, each of which is a sequence of 16 keys - nine primary white keys and seven additional black keys. In addition to these five repeating elements, the keyboard has two more incomplete elements, one of which consists of keys No. 1-7; the other is key number 88.

Thus, the proposed piano is based on the implementation of the sound of a 16-step uniformly-tempered scale (called the Fa-Ohm scale by the author), in contrast to the traditional 12-stage prototype.

FIG. 2, in addition to illustrating the keyboard device with the numbering of keys, it additionally contains an illustration of a new musical instrument with seven rulers instead of five, which is part of a new musical system that is different from the generally accepted and necessary for the claimed instrument.

The classical piano keyboard is divided into 9 parts - octaves; 7 of them are complete and 2 incomplete (on the classic keyboard - the first on the left and the last on the right). Each full octave is a sequence of 12 keys - seven primary white keys and five additional black keys.

The repeating element in the keyboard of the proposed piano is conditionally called the author a decade (in contrast to the octave in the traditional 12-stage scale according to the prototype) and is a sequence of 16 keys - nine main white keys and seven additional black keys (Fig. 1, 2).

The sound range of the instrument covers 5 and a half decades (Fig. 1, 2) from sound with a frequency of 68.303 Hz to sound with a frequency of 2959.988 Hz. The basis of the Fa-Ohm scale is the sound frequency of 369.997 Hz, corresponding to the F-sharp note of the classical scale, which corresponds to the note with the name Fa with the letter f _{1 of the} first decade (key 40 in Fig. 2) of the Fa-Ohm scale.

The terms Fa-Ohm and decade proposed by the author are conditional and are used here only for brevity and clarity of the description of the claimed piano and its functioning (for brevity and clarity of the description of the device “in statics and dynamics”). The claimed combination of features of the piano of these terms does not contain.

The names and letters of the main steps present in FIG. 2 are shown in table 1.

The inventive piano is implemented on the basis of the piano "Lyric", which initially had 88 keys, of which 36 black and 52 white.

The sound range of the proposed instrument is from 68.303 Hz in bass and ends on a treble note with a frequency of 2959.988 Hz, whereas in an ordinary piano the range of sound frequencies is from 27.5 Hz to 4186.0 Hz (for example, mcstore.ru/pamiatka_muzikantu_chastoti_chastoti_kotorie_polezno_pomnit.ht . This led to the need to change the string clothes of the piano, namely to the need to pick up new strings in thickness for a given string length already implemented in the Lyric piano, and to the need to replace the strings with the specified new ones. For the equation of sound power in lower case, the keys numbered 1 to 13 correspond to strings covered with copper wire. In the middle register, each key with numbers from 14 to 31 corresponds to a chorus of two strings, and in the upper register each key with numbers from 32 to 88 corresponds to a chorus of three strings tuned in unison.

The Fa-Ohm scale has not octaves, but decades (simultaneous sounding of the same steps of neighboring decades), in each of which there are no longer 12 keys and half tones, as in the octave of a classical scale, but 16 keys and half tones.

The claimed instrument also has 88 keys, but of which 38 are black and 50 are white. As a result of changes regarding the number and arrangement of black and white keys made in the keyboard mechanics, it took the form shown in FIG. one.

For this instrument, there was a need to create a new musical system, different from the generally accepted (Fig. 2). A new musician with seven rulers instead of five, while the middle of the seven rulers is depicted finer than the rest for ease of perception. Keys are received as shown in FIG. 2. Two additional lines have been introduced, instead of the one adopted in the conventional musical notation system, for the transition between upper and lower case. To indicate additional steps (black keys), the usual sharps, flats and other signs of alteration can be used.

The calculation of the diameter of the strings was carried out according to the formula D = 1740 / L * F, where D is the diameter of the string, 1740 is a constant characteristic of the tension of the string clothing of the piano “Lyric” (usually this coefficient in different pianos and pianos ranges from 1445 to 1800 / for example, Auth. USSR certificate No. 411318, published on January 31, 1935 /, L is the string length, F is the sound frequency).

The frequencies of sounds of a 16-stage scale are constructed by analogy with the 12-stage one exponentially from the initial frequency with a denominator of 2 ^1/16 .

The initial sound frequency f (0) is the frequency of the first note of the Fa-Ohm scale of 68.303 Hz. The value of the sound frequency of each subsequent i-th note is calculated by the formula:

f (i) = 2 ^1/16 f (i-1).

In general, the value of the frequency f (i) of a note of a 16-step series, depending on the number of step i, can be expressed by the formula:

f (i) = 2 ^{i / 16} .

/ for example, Komarov V.M., Tatur V.Yu. "The principles of self-similarity and synchronism in musical harmony" http://www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc/0202/010a/02020020.htm /

The table of sound frequencies of the Fa-Ohm scale implemented in the inventive musical instrument is presented in table 2.

Table 3 is given to illustrate the differences and similarities between the classical scale and the Fa-Ohm scale.

It can be seen that the frequency intervals between adjacent steps (semitones) in the Fa-Ohm scale in terms of absolute sound are somewhat smaller or “thinner” than semitones of a classical scale.

Experimental studies of the sound of the claimed piano were carried out in LLC “Music” (Moscow, OGRN 1037717008526), specializing in the production of musical instruments. Sound frequencies during these studies were measured and recorded using an instrument with tuner software INS_Tuner for IOS. Studies have confirmed that the instrument’s sound range covers five and a half conditional “decades” from sound with a frequency of 68.303 Hz to sound with a frequency of 2959.988 Hz. The basis of the new scale is the sound frequency of 369.997 Hz, corresponding to the F-sharp note of the classical scale. The frequency intervals between adjacent steps (semitone) in the new scale in absolute sound are less or "thinner" than the semitone of a classical scale. The instrument with a new scale implements a 16-step uniformly-tempered musical system. Pianos can be recommended for commissioning.

Claims (6)

1. A piano having 88 keys and corresponding string clothes, characterized in that it has 38 black and 50 white keys, and the repeating element in the keyboard is a sequence of 16 keys - nine main white and seven additional black keys, the keyboard has the form shown in FIG. 1, the range of the piano sound is from the frequency of 68.303 Hz to the frequency of 2959.988 Hz, the frequency of 369.997 Hz, corresponding to the F-sharp note of the classical scale, is adopted as the basis of the piano scale. 2. Piano according to claim 1, characterized in that the string clothes are selected in such a way that the strings have a diameter calculated by the formula D = K / L * F, where D is the diameter of the string, K is a constant characteristic of the tension of string clothes, which ranges from 1445 to 1800, L is the length of the string, F is the frequency of sound.

Images