RU2621820C1 - Unit of passenger vehicle safety - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: unit of passenger vehicle safety built into a back 1 of a seat, mounted by a seat 2 on the base 3, includes a cavity in the form of a truncated cone from backside of the back in front of a passenger sitting in the back. A flexible protective surface 5, coming out at the moment of an accident towards the passenger, made in the form of a spherical smooth "flapping" membrane 5, is fixed in the cavity. The cavity space is filled with liquid 8 with the initial pressure, smaller than the critical pressure, leading to the membrane "flap".

EFFECT: increased passenger safety in case of accident due to the construction of the safety unit.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of ensuring the safety of passengers of vehicles in the event of a traffic accident (accident).

Known passive safety systems for vehicle users, including the use of seats equipped with safety belts with emergency locking devices mounted on the seat frame, as well as with special tensioners mounted on the side of the body, providing the ability to adjust a given traction force (see, for example, systems Hyundai Getz Passive Safety http.////www.xendai-getz.narod.ru/xhtml/xx18.html/ [1]).

The disadvantages of the known systems is the low passive safety of users in road accidents due to the possibility of severe injuries of the chest, abdomen, etc., often leading to fatalities, under significant inertial overloads under the influence of seat belts.

Passive safety blocks are also known, which include means for protecting vehicle users during road accidents, made either in the form of devices for fixing users using swivel arches and stops covering the shoulders and hips (see, for example, RF patent for invention No. 2236273, class A63G 7/00, 21/00, 2002 [2]), or in the form of durable inflatable shells placed outside and inside the vehicle, forming a closed-frame protective capsule connected to autonomous gas sources and a control system, and equipped with x safety valves, shock-absorbing panels of corrugated spring tape (see, for example, RF patent for invention No. 2299820, class B60R 21/16, 2005 [3]; RF patent for invention number 2301160, class 60R 21/16, 21 / 233, 2006 [4]), or in the form of air-bag inflated by means of a gas generator signal of air bags folded in the initial state and covered with covering elements that open the holes for bag deployment with them covering certain parts of the user's body in working condition by the signal from the above sensors (cm. RF patent for the invention No. 2178365, cl. B60R 21/20, 1997 [5]).

The disadvantages of the known blocks is the extreme complexity of the design, inflating the dimensions of the cabin, reducing the aesthetic characteristics and comfort of the cabin.

In addition, the blocks of passive safety of users of a vehicle are known that are deployed in the most traumatic areas of the accident during an accident, airbags (airbags), in particular: frontal, side, top, curtain) connected to a source of compressed gas connected to the collision sensor via a pyrotechnic a device with a gas-forming composition and a flammable electric valve, and made from synthetic fabric with the possibility of popping up when exploding from a disclosed polyurethane cover (see, for example, US patent No. 3733088, CL 280-150, publ. 1976 [6]; US patent No. 3861710 ,; CL 280-150, publ. 1978 [7]; ac CCCP No. 948717, class B60R 21/08, 1980 [8]; airbags, safety [1]; Ivanov AM and other Fundamentals of the design of a modern car. Textbook for technical colleges. “At the wheel”, 2012, p. 304 [9]).

The disadvantages of the known safety units are the extreme complexity of the design, the possibility of only a single use (see [1], p. 10), the significant likelihood of serious injuries when opening the pillows (see [1], p. 8), the possibility of the dismantling of the pyrotechnic device by intruders (see [8], p. 3), a huge number of cars of domestic and foreign companies recalled due to airbag defects, their spontaneous operation with personal injury and provocation of accidents.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention in terms of essential features is a passenger vehicle safety unit such as a frontal airbag integrated in the back of the seat opposite the passenger sitting behind, which is a functional cavity made on the back of the seatback with an inflatable pillow (air cushion), relaying out of the cavity towards the passenger at the time of the accident under the influence of transport a means of a given magnitude of shock overload, for which an air bag is connected to a compressed gas source connected to a collision sensor through a pyrotechnic device (see RF patent for utility model No. 76299, class B60N 2/58, 2007 [10]), and adopted for the prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype device are the extreme complexity of the design, the possibility of only a single use, low safety due to the possibility of serious injury when the air bag is triggered, and the implementation of the passive method of suppressing the blow, the ability to dismantle the pyrotechnic device by intruders.

The essence of the invention is to create a relatively simple safety unit, eliminating the need for the automatic formation of protective surfaces placed in the cabin of compressed gas sources, collision sensors and pyrotechnic devices, while ensuring increased efficiency in achieving passenger safety during accidents due to active hydrodynamic shock absorption by a counter-impact system and viscoelastic energy dissipation using a nonlinear shock hydraulic system we, as well as eliminating the possibility of serious injuries from an air bag triggered by an explosion.

The technical result is a simplification of the design of the device, increasing the efficiency of ensuring the safety of passengers during an accident.

The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known passenger safety unit of the vehicle, such as a frontal airbag, is integrated in the back of the chair, including a functional cavity made on the back side of the seatback opposite the passenger sitting in the back and a flexible flexible protective surface placed in the cavity, coming out of the cavity toward the passenger at the time of the accident under the influence on the vehicle of a given value arnoy overload, the peculiarity lies in the fact that the cavity in the back of the chair is made in the form of a truncated cone facing outward with a large base, the elastic protective surface is a spherical popping smooth membrane fixed along the contour of the outer edge of the cavity, while ensuring the tightness of the cavity through the technological the channel is filled with a liquid with an initial pressure on the inner convex surface of the membrane, less than its critical value, leading to a "clap" of the membrane, and reaching this critical value due to the inertial forces of the liquid exactly at the moment the above-mentioned shock overload is applied to the vehicle, and the membrane surface facing the rear passenger is covered with a thick layer of soft elastic material, for example gas-filled plastic with communicating pores (foam rubber), and the ratio of cavity taper to radius the curvature of the membrane is selected from the condition of ensuring its reverse "clap" during shock contact with the passenger.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where is schematically shown: in FIG. 1 - a safety block built into the chair in the initial state before triggering during an accident in a side view with a longitudinal section of the backrest; in FIG. 2 - the same safety unit after triggering during an accident.

The safety unit of a passenger vehicle such as a frontal airbag (airbags), integrated in the backrest 1 of the seat mounted by the seat 2 on the base 3, includes the backrest 1 made on the back side opposite the passenger sitting behind (the seats are installed in longitudinal rows, the rear seat and passengers are not shown in the figures shown) cavity 4 functional purpose, having the shape of a truncated cone, facing outward, that is, back with a larger base. A flexible elastic protective surface is placed in the cavity 4, which relays exiting from the cavity 4 towards the passenger at the time of the accident under the influence of the specified value of shock overload on the vehicle. If in the prototype device [10] this flexible surface is made in the form of an air cushion inflated during the explosion of a pyrotechnic device by the signal of a collision sensor configured for a given value of shock overload, then in the proposed device, the elastic protective surface 5 is fixed along the contour of the outer edge of the cavity 4 with ensuring its tightness, a spherical smooth steel clapping membrane (see, for example, the book by L.E. Andreev "Elastic Elements of Instruments", Moscow, 1962, p. 311-315 [11]). In this case, the space of the cavity 4 through the technological hole 6 (the technological channel /, closed by a threaded plug 7, is filled with liquid 8 with an initial pressure on the inner convex surface of the membrane 5, which is less than its critical value, which leads to a “clap” of the membrane 5 and reaches this critical value due to the forces of inertia of the liquid precisely at the moment the above-mentioned shock overload acts on the vehicle at the time of the accident. “Clap”, or actuation [11], means a relay jump brane 5 from the initial steady state with a bulge inward to the left (see Fig. 1 / to a new stable state with a bulge outward to the right (see Fig. 2 /, moreover, "cotton" occurs when a pressure equal to its pressure acts on the inner convex surface of the membrane 5 the critical value characteristic of a particular membrane design 5. The membrane surface 5 facing the rear passenger is covered with a thick layer (of the order of 10-12 mm / soft elastic material 9, for example, gas-filled plastic with communicating pores, in common use th foam. The steel membrane 5 was fastened along the contour of the outer edge of the cavity 4 by means of a molded annular flat shoulder 10, the fixing of which is not shown when using a sealing rubber gasket and screws on the back surface of the backrest 1. When backrest 1 is made of porous material that does not ensure the tightness of cavity 4, a hollow plastic truncated cone is preliminarily tightly tightened and glued in place.

The work of the proposed device is as follows.

Preliminarily, in the process of designing a safety unit and assembly adjustment and adjustment of structural and technological parameters, it is ensured that the membrane 5 is “clapped” exactly at the time of the accident. For this, the magnitude of the shock overload at the time of the accident, in which, in known devices [6] ÷ [10], the collision sensor gives the command to the explosive device, must provide pressure on the inner convex surface of the membrane 5, equal to its critical value, providing a "clap" of the membrane 5 The value of this critical value for a given shock overload for a particular design is determined by a number of structural and technological parameters, including: characteristics of the membrane 5, its material, diameter, thickness, rad whisker curvature character fastening circumferentially, liquid density 8, the taper of the cavity 4, the depth, larger and smaller diameters of the base fluid mass ratio 8 located in FIG. 1 in the initial state in the zone around the membrane 5, and to its left near the smaller base. Under the operating operating conditions of the vehicle under normal conditions, the arrangement of the elements of the safety unit corresponds to that shown in FIG. 1, the initially created pressure of the fluid 8 in the cavity 4 is less than its critical value, which leads to the "clap" of the membrane 5. At the time of the impact during an accident with a frontal collision, given a sufficient value of the shock overload acting on the vehicle, fluid 8 under the influence of powerful inertial forces move in the cavity 4 (Fig. 1 / forward, that is, to the left and presses on the smaller left base of the cavity 4. In this case, the part of the liquid 8 located on the right side of the cavity 4, that is, above and below the membrane 5, will tend to displace slide to the left, slide along the inclined generators of the cone, and take a position near the left base of the cone, close to that shown in Fig. 2. At the same time, it will exert pressure on the convex membrane 5 to the right, trying to displace it from the left base of the cone and take its place, and the resultant these pressure forces will act on the membrane 5 to the right along its longitudinal central axis.When the above ratios are fulfilled, at the time of the accident, with maximum shock overload, the membrane 5 will "pop" to the right (see FIG. 2 /, the rear passenger at this moment moves by inertia towards her to the left. As a result of shock contact of the moving membrane 5, covered with a layer of elastic material 9, with the passenger, active hydrodynamic quenching of the kinetic energy of the shock and powerful dissipation of its energy occurs, which is typical for shock nonlinear interaction of the hydraulic system of the membrane 5 and fluid 8 connected by channels of different sections with variable character filling. Moreover, to increase the efficiency of the above-mentioned quenching and energy dissipation, the proposed device provides for the possibility of creating a reverse “clap” of the membrane 5 after an impact collision with a passenger, that is, back to its original stable state with a bulge to the left (see Fig. 1 /. it is necessary to shift the phases of inertial displacements in a predetermined manner upon impact at the time of the accident of the liquid 8 to the left, leading to a “clap” of the membrane 5 to the right, and the passenger also to the left toward the membrane 5. This displacement is achieved the selection of the ratio of the conicity of the cavity 4 and the radius of curvature of the membrane 5 for specific parameters of the density and viscosity of the fluid 8. In addition, the above ratio was corrected while using the seat belts offered by the unit.The latter allow, in case of a powerful frontal collision, to partially extinguish kinetic energy However, in case of destruction of the belt fasteners and further inertial displacement of the passenger forward, the final functions of shock absorption should be performed proposed device. The implementation of the seat belt fasteners is very powerful will lead to serious injuries, often incompatible with the lives of passengers, in case of serious accidents. However, the use of seat belts at the initial stage changes the dynamics of the process upon impact, the nature of the inertia of the passenger, the initial conditions of its inertial movement. This leads, as mentioned above, to the need for the implementation of the reverse "clap" adjustment of the obtained ratios. As a result of the reverse "clap" during the joint movement of the passenger in contact with the membrane 5 in a liquid medium, the intensity of the quenching of the impact energy and the dissipation of the impact energy increase many times. If the kinetic energy of the passenger during its impact contact with the membrane 5 is insufficient to perform the reverse “clap”, then the latter simply does not make sense, since the kinetic energy of the passenger has already been practically extinguished.

The proposed device is characterized by extreme simplicity of design and can dramatically increase the efficiency of passenger safety during powerful frontal frontal impacts at the time of the accident. The device allows you to pay off the kinetic energy of the shock by a sequence of oncoming hydrodynamic shock. This eliminates the need for complex and dangerous pyrotechnic power devices, mechanical and hydraulic systems, leading to unpredictable consequences in advance, as well as air-cushions triggered by an explosion, which currently lead to the withdrawal of thousands of copies of serial vehicles from well-known domestic and foreign companies for the possibility of serious injuries and the creation of emergency situations.

Claims (1)

A passenger vehicle safety block such as a frontal airbag integrated in the back of the chair, including a functional cavity made on the back of the seatback opposite the passenger sitting in the back, a flexible flexible protective surface placed in the cavity, relaying out of the cavity toward the passenger at the time of the accident under the action on a vehicle of a given magnitude of shock overload, characterized in that the cavity in the back of the chair is made in the form of a truncated the whisker facing outward with a large base, the elastic protective surface is a spherical clapping smooth steel membrane fixed along the contour of the outer edge of the cavity, ensuring its tightness, while the space of the cavity through the process channel is filled with liquid with the initial pressure on the inner convex surface of the membrane less than its critical value , leading to a "clap" of the membrane, and reaching this critical value due to the inertia forces of the liquid precisely at the moment of action on the vehicle of the above-mentioned shock overload, and the membrane surface facing the rear passenger is covered with a thick layer of soft elastic material, for example, gas-filled plastic with communicating pores, and the ratio of the cavity taper and the radius of curvature of the membrane is selected from the condition of ensuring its reverse “clap” upon impact contact with the passenger.

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