RU2621770C1 - Remote control system of residential building engineering systems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: remote control system of the residential building engineering systems contains a server connected to the building's automatic energy control unit with a unit for collecting and controlling the expended resources and with a controlling and monitoring unit for the electric power consumption of the building. The automatic controlling unit is designed to control the parameters of engineering systems based on the set room temperature and on the thermal model of the building depending on the outside temperature. The collecting and controlling unit is connected to the processing and data transferring units from the sensors and meters of the engineering systems of the building living quarters to the server. The unit of controlling and monitoring power consumption of buildings is connected with power regulators installed on each floor of the building, and with the ability to restrict power consumed by users upon reaching an installed peak power.

EFFECT: increasing the resource savings in the operation of a residential building.

6 cl, 8 dwg, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to monitoring systems for measuring information on primary parameters that determine the tenants' consumption of utilities (hot and cold water, thermal energy and electricity, gas).

The prior art remote control system for a large number of multifunctional controllers that provide heating, lighting, boiler control, hot water, cooling, pumps, ventilation, all electrical systems, air conditioning in individual regions. The control system provides fast response time of controllers and control parameters in all regions of regulation. This may also apply to individual dwellings or groups of buildings in specific regions. The system can carry out switching the heating boiler to control the water temperature so as to reduce the C0 ₂ emissions and to reduce energy costs, and to increase or decrease the preset room temperature. Such control can also be applied to street lighting, lighting store signs and adjusting air conditioners. The system is capable of quick response at any time, day or night, in the territory of a certain district, with warning of bad weather for prevention from hypothermia or protection of plants (GB 2337830, 12/01/1999).

A known control system for an indoor heating system comprising a sensor for determining an outdoor temperature, a sensor for determining a return temperature of a heat medium circulating in a heat distribution system with a certain flow rate, a controller configured to determine the required heat power that needs to be supplied using the said system heat distribution to maintain a balance of thermal energy (RU 2009133469, 03.20.2011).

For the closest analogue to the stated decision, a remote control system was adopted for the engineering systems of a residential building (heating, water, electricity), including means for measuring the parameters of engineering systems, means for collecting data on the state of the equipment of engineering systems in apartments, and tools for analyzing the data received, accounting energy resources and the subsequent remote control of engineering systems, based on preset values, which ensures resource conservation (RU 2001127945, 01/10/2004).

The disadvantages of existing solutions are the automation of individual engineering systems of the building, without the possibility of combining into a single managed facility. This reduces the reliability of the system as a whole, since the temporary shutdown of individual controllers is not diagnosed and leads to loss of data on the current state of the system. During peak hours or in winter, this is especially critical. Often, such automation leads to inconsistent operation of objects, which is the reason for the excessive consumption of energy resources.

The task is to create a more advanced management system for the engineering systems of a residential building, providing quick collection of information about the status and parameters of elements of engineering systems, providing information to the automated workstation (hereinafter - AWP) of dispatchers in order to prevent malfunctions and reduce operating costs; reduction of time for localization of equipment malfunctions and downtime; flexible management of engineering systems in order to increase the efficiency of building operation and perform energy-saving functions, increase building efficiency; ensuring the high viability of the technological equipment of engineering systems by increasing the information content and optimizing management.

The technical result of the claimed system is to increase reliability, safety during the operation of equipment of engineering systems, as well as to increase the saving of resources during the operation of a residential building.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved due to the fact that the automated remote control system for engineering systems of a residential building (ACMS) contains a server connected to a unit for automatic control of energy consumption of the building (ATS), configured to control the parameters of engineering systems based on the required temperature in the premises of the residents buildings and based on the installed thermal model, depending on the external and internal air temperature, the heat capacity of the ceiling building, thermal resistance of the floor, as well as connected to the unit for collecting and controlling the expended resources of the engineering systems of the building (containing the unit for monitoring and technical metering of electronic carriers (ASTUE) and the unit for monitoring and technical metering of energy resources), which is connected to the processing units installed on each floor of the building and data transmission from sensors and meters of the engineering systems of the premises of the building to the server, and the system further comprises a control and monitoring unit for the consumed electric power of the building connected to power controllers installed on each floor of the building and made with the possibility of limiting the power consumed by users when reaching the set peak load with the following priority of shutting down engineering systems: supply air ventilation heaters for heating common areas, central air conditioning, heating corridors, bathrooms apartments, reducing water heating to 40 °, and as power consumption decreases, users of the building connect in the opposite way In addition, during peak hours, the control and monitoring unit of the consumed electric power of the building additionally takes into account the free heating power, which is determined by calculating the thermal constant of the heating time during which heat is accumulated in the massive elements of the building.

In each living room of the building, a meter can be installed, made with the possibility of manual installation of engineering systems by the user and their subsequent automatic maintenance by the system.

Each unit for collecting, processing and transmitting data from sensors of engineering systems of residential premises of a building to a server installed on each floor of a building may contain two stations of the remote periphery and a program-logic controller station, which are configured to collect and process data in accordance with the algorithms of the predictive control the temperature set by the tenant on the apartment control panel.

The control unit and the control of the consumed electric power of the building can be made with the possibility of eliminating the mutual (simultaneous) operation of heating and air conditioning in the building and automatically switching from summer to winter mode, and vice versa, depending on the indications of street temperature.

The system may further comprise a control unit and technical metering of electronic media connected to the server.

The system may further comprise an autonomous power supply unit of the building, configured to activate the power supply of the building in emergency mode and provide emergency power to the house from an external generator.

The claimed invention uses a block control architecture in which the distributed peripherals controlled by the block controller are explicitly allocated. Information from all units is fed to a central controller located in the operator’s room, and subsequently transmitted to the operator’s workstation. In turn, the block controller is engaged in processing information and performing tasks directly inside the block in which it is located. Data exchange between the central and block controller on the status of adjacent engineering systems is implemented using the industry standard Profinet 10 data exchange, which allows reliable data transmission with a cycle of up to 10 ms. Diagnostic functions of the input analog channels of the system make it possible to diagnose a break in temperature sensors to prevent incorrect control actions. Secure access to connect to the controllers of this system allows you to avoid unauthorized changes to the program code.

To avoid building cold weather, a nonlinear mathematical model of the building’s thermal regime is used — a system of equations describing the state and time-varying parameters characterizing the thermal regime of the rooms in the building. The basis of the model is the equations of balance of heat fluxes on surfaces in the air of a room’s volume and the equations of balance of air flows in it. Local systems of equations for individual rooms, combined into a common system of equations, make up a mathematical model of the thermal and air regimes of the building. Communication between rooms is carried out mainly due to the transfer of air flows. In the claimed invention, a simplified mathematical model of the premises was used when introducing into it a number of characteristics measured in the rooms (external and internal air temperature, heat capacity of the building floors, thermal resistance of the floors, as well as the heat transfer coefficient of fencing, heat transfer, the power of internal heat sources, the geometric dimensions of the rooms, characteristics of air permeability, supply and exhaust air flow, etc.). Substitution of the measured values in the basic mathematical model of the room allows you to get private models for each room in a simplified form, guaranteeing sufficient accuracy of numerical simulation. Based on the above parameters of the premises, the thermal time constant is calculated, which allows to accumulate heat in the massive elements of the building to allocate free power for peak hours.

Using the thermal model of the house (obtained based on the calculation of the heat loss of the building) and the room temperature set by the tenant, using the predictive temperature control algorithm, the claimed system automatically controls the supply and exhaust ventilation, underfloor heating system or cold supply system. Using the large inertia of the ceilings, the thermal model of the house and the calculation of water consumption during the hours of the morning and evening maximum, the load is redistributed, which allows to reduce the power consumption during peak hours.

The automated remote control system for residential building engineering systems (ACMS) consists of the following interconnected units, the data from which are transmitted to a single server.

1. Block automatic control of energy consumption of the building (ATS), made with the ability to control the parameters of engineering systems in the premises of the building and the installed thermal model of the building. Using the thermal model of the house, the unit forms the most accurate modes of operation of the unit for automatically controlling the energy consumption of the building based on the outside temperature.

2. A unit for collecting and controlling the expended resources of engineering systems of the building, containing a unit for monitoring and technical metering of electric carriers (automated system for technical metering of electric energy - ASTUE) (see Fig. 2) and a block for monitoring and technical metering of energy resources.

The ASTUE block provides apartment-by-room data collection to a server of readings of metering devices for electricity and water consumption. Information is collected from electric meters through the Modbus protocol, based on RS 485. Data is collected from water flow meters through a reed relay included in its composition. All information is collected on a single server control system. Information output ASTUE is performed on a separate workstation.

The control and technical metering unit collects up-to-date information on the energy consumption of individual building elements to generate a control effect on energy consumption ATS.

3. The control and monitoring unit for the consumed electric power of the building, connected to power regulators installed on each floor of the building, and made with the possibility of limiting the power consumed by users when the installed peak power is reached with the following priority for shutting down engineering systems: parking air supply heaters, heating of common areas use, central air-conditioning, heating of corridors, bathrooms of apartments, reduction of water heating, water heating to 40 °, and as it decreases Power consumption by building users is connected in the reverse order.

Also, in addition, the control system may contain an autonomous power supply unit for a building in the event of a centralized power supply system shutdown. This unit provides emergency power to the house from an external generator and allows you to implement emergency power modes of the building.

The system automatically regulates the energy consumption of a residential building based on a given value. Information about the current energy consumption comes from the actual thermal model of the building in real time and from the ASTME unit to this ATS and, in accordance with the table of energy consumers switching, the inclusion or deactivation of regulation objects is formed (Fig. 3).

The switching table of energy consumers is formed on the basis of the thermal model of the building, the current room temperature, water consumption model, time of day, season, and individual user settings specified by local users of the system.

Based on the priority switchings at a given point in time, the energy consumption of a residential building is controlled.

Next, the solution is illustrated by reference to the figures, which depict the following.

FIG. 1 - Block diagram of the regulation of engineering systems of a residential building, carried out by the unit for automatic control of energy consumption of a residential building (ATS);

FIG. 2 - Block diagram of the ATS Energy Consumption;

FIG. 3 - Block diagram of the ASTUE system;

FIG. 4 - Block diagram of data collection on the current temperature of the building;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a power management system;

FIG. 6 - SAR power cascade of water heating boilers;

FIG. 7 - Typical block of engineering systems of a building consisting of three floors;

FIG. 8 - A typical control unit for the engineering systems of a building consisting of three floors.

Information on current energy consumption comes from the ASTUE (Automated System for Technical Accounting of Electricity) to this ATS and, in accordance with the table of switching energy consumers, the inclusion or deactivation of regulatory objects is formed, which ensures the protection of engineering equipment from reaching critical operating modes (Fig. 1).

To build this system, each of the apartments uses electricity meters with support for the Modbus data exchange protocol (Fig. 2, 3). The controller is installed on each floor of the building. Through the constructed network, data is collected on the ASTUE server (an automated system for technological accounting of energy resources). After that, the data on current energy consumption go to the server of the automated control system (Automated Building Management System).

Each residential apartment has a hot water consumption meter 1, a cold water consumption meter 2, a cold metering system 3 (containing a pulse meter and two thermistors), an electricity meter 4 (for example, milur-105). In the technical room there is a 5 electricity meter (for example, milur-105) consumed by underfloor heating, fan coil units, and supply and exhaust ventilation. The meters 1, 2, 3 of each apartment are connected to the controller 6 (for example, TECON-19 03 M), which is connected to the communication module 7. Each electricity meter 4 of the apartment is connected to the electricity meter 5 of the technical room. Moreover, all 4 electricity meters of the apartments are interconnected. The input of the communication module 7 installed on each floor (in the technical room) is connected to the floor electricity meter 5, and its output is connected to a single server 8 (Fig. 7).

The system contains typical control units, each of which controls three floors (see Fig. 8). The control system of each floor contains francoils 9, forced-air and exhaust ventilation 10, underfloor heating 11 and leakage sensor 12, the data from which are transmitted to the controller 13 (for example, ET200SP), connected via a network switch 15 (Switch) to the operator panel 14 (for example, Weintek HMI panel). At the same time, the network switches 15 of each floor in a typical control unit of three floors are interconnected and connected to the automatic control unit for energy consumption of the building.

In this case, the automatic control unit for energy consumption of the building is connected to the automatic dispatch control system and to the automated dispatch control system of the ITP (individual heat point), which contains a condition controller for the circulation pumps 16 and a power consumption restriction controller 17 by the cascade of boilers, a control system for the general parking ventilation system containing a sensor the state of the thermal curtains 18, the status of the sensors CO 19 and the parking temperature 20, the control system of the chiller is installed containing a controller 21 of the system state, a fire safety control system with a sensor 22 for system status, cold water supply (cold water supply) with a sensor 23 for system status, drainage pumps, a control system for the preparation of drinking water with a sensor 24 for system status, connected to a central processor, and connected with the operator panel through a network switch.

Additionally, the building’s automatic energy control unit is connected to an automated dispatch control system for a water distribution device containing current transformers 25, an ASU input state sensor 26, which are connected to a central processor, which in turn is connected to the operator panel via a network switch.

In the particular case of implementation, the system is operated as follows.

They collect data on the state of the equipment of engineering systems in the apartments of a residential building, display them at the dispatcher’s workplace, analyze the data and carry out energy accounting followed by remote control of the engineering systems, as a result of which the system automatically regulates (ATS) the parameters of the engineering systems of the residential building based on , from the given values. The values of room temperatures, the state of underfloor heating, fan coil units, supply and exhaust ventilation are transmitted to the apartment control panel through the integrated settlement system of the server directly from the block controller. Also, these data are duplicated on the operator's workstation. To implement long-term control over engineering systems, a function of long-term archiving of tags based on WinCC Professional 7.3 is implemented, allowing you to store the values of variables for one year. To prevent data loss, the server uses a RAID 1 data array.

The priority level of the system should be sufficient to enable visualization, manipulation and analysis of all data in the system from the operator’s console, including dial-up lines using a modem;

The following protocols must be provided for communication: TCP / IP, Profinet; Modbus

Example 1

Calculations were made in the claimed system, implemented in a residential building consisting of 139 apartments with electric floor heating, a hotel with 26 rooms, office rooms, a restaurant and technical rooms, as well as underground parking and technical rooms.

On each floor there are 2 chillers and 19 francoils.

Information about the operating conditions of the automation object and environmental characteristics:

- the conditions of the technical solution are determined in accordance with the norms of SNiP 41-01-2003;

- working conditions of the equipment in the premises: ambient temperature from +5 to + 40 ° C (preferably from + 18 ° C to + 22 ° C); humidity from 0 to 80%; the environment according to the degree of aggressiveness is normal;

- working conditions of equipment outdoors: ambient temperature from -40 to + 60 ° С; humidity from 0 to 90%; the environment in terms of aggressiveness is normal.

Thermotechnical calculation of enclosing structures was carried out in accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003 “Thermal protection of buildings”, TSN 23-301-2004 “Energy efficiency of residential and public buildings”, SP 131.13330.2012 “Construction climatology (updated version), SNiP 23 -01-99 according to the method described in SP 32-101-2004 “Design of thermal protection of buildings”.

The following building parameters are defined:

- calculated temperature of the internal air in the building T _int = + 21 ° С;

- in the technical underground T _int = + 5 ° С;

- calculated outdoor temperature t _ext = -35 ° С;

- the duration of the heating period Z _ht = 230 days;

- the average outdoor temperature during the heating period T _ext = -6.0 ° C;

- humidity zone - dry (SNiP 23-02-2003 adj. B);

- humidity conditions - normal (SNiP 23-02-2003 tab. 1);

- operating conditions of the building envelope - “A”.

Permissible relative humidity inside the building for the cold season:

ϕ _int = 55%.

GSOP - living rooms = (T _int -T _ext ) × Z _ht = (21 - (- 6.0)) ⋅230 = 6210 ° С⋅day;

- bathtubs = (T _int -T _ext ) × Z _ht = (25 - (- 6.0)) ⋅230 = 7130 ° С day;

Thermotechnical calculation of walls

1. Wall of ceramic blocks in the living room.

Normalized value of heat transfer resistance:

R _req = 0.00035 × 6210 + 1.4 = 3.573 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W.

1.1 determination of the thickness of the insulation

a) Facial system "SIAL" - is not taken into account in the calculation

b) Insulation: “ROKVUL FASAD BATTS”, thermal conductivity coefficient λ ₁ = 0.042 W / (m⋅ ° С), thickness δ ₁ = 150 mm,

c) Masonry of ceramic stone (TU 5741-021-05297720-2008),

λ ₁ = 0.22 W / (m⋅ ° С), thickness δ ₂ = 170 mm,

R ₀ ^con = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R _se

where: R _in = 1 / α _int = 1 / 8.7 = 0.115 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R _n = 1 / α _n = 1/23 = 0.043 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R ₁ = 0.15 / 0.042 = 3.57 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W,

R ₂ = 0.22 / 0.17 = 1.29 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W,

R _o ^con = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R _se = 0.115 + 1.29 + 3.57 + 0.043 = 5.018 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W is the heat transfer resistance of ceramic stone walls.

The homogeneity coefficient of wall structures is 0.85

R ₀ ^con = 5.018 × 0.85 = 4.265 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W

Conclusion: The reduced resistance to heat transfer fencing R ₀ = 4,265 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W is higher than the standard value R _req = 3,573 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W, and thus, the design of the fence meets the requirements of SNiP. The thickness of the insulation of the walls of the building is taken 150 mm.

2. Reinforced concrete wall in the living room.

Normalized value of heat transfer resistance:

R _req = 0.00035 × 6210 + 1.4 = 3.573 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

2.1 Determination of the thickness of the insulation

a) Insulation: “ROKVUL FASAD BATTS”, thermal conductivity coefficient λ ₁ = 0.042 W / (m⋅ ° С), thickness δ ₁ = 150 mm,

b) Reinforced concrete wall thickness δ ₂ = 300 mm, density γ ₂ = 2500 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity λ ₂ = 1.92 W / (m⋅ ° С),

Heat transfer resistance:

R ₀ = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R _se

where: R _in = 1 / α _int = 1 / 8.7 = 0.115 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R _n = 1 / α _n = 1/23 = 0.043 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R ₁ = 0.15 / 0.042 = 3.57 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W,

R ₂ = 0.3 / 1.92 = 0.156 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W,

R ₀ = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R ₃ + R _se = 0.115 + 3.57 + 0.156 + 0.043 = 3.884 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W is the heat transfer resistance of reinforced concrete walls.

Conclusion: The reduced resistance to heat transfer fencing R ₀ = 3.88 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W is higher than the normalized value R _req = 3,573 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W, thus, the design of the fence meets the requirements of SNiP. The thickness of the insulation of reinforced concrete walls is taken 150 mm.

3. Reinforced concrete wall in offices.

Normalized value of heat transfer resistance:

R _req = 0.00035 × 6210 + 1.4 = 3.573 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

3.1. Determination of insulation thickness

a) Insulation: “ROKVUL FASAD BATTS”, thermal conductivity coefficient λ ₁ = 0.042 W / (m⋅ ° С), thickness δ ₁ = 150 mm,

b) Reinforced concrete wall thickness δ ₂ = 250 mm, density γ ₂ = 2500 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity λ ₂ = 1.92 W / (m⋅ ° С),

Heat transfer resistance:

R ₀ = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R _se

where: R _in = 1 / α _int = 1 / 8.7 = 0.115 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R _n = 1 / α _n = 1/23 = 0.043 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R ₁ = 0.15 / 0.042 = 3.57 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W,

R ₂ = 0.25 / 1.92 = 0.13 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W,

R ₀ = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R ₃ + R _se = 0.115 + 3.57 + 0.13 + 0.043 = 3.854 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W is the heat transfer resistance of reinforced concrete walls.

Conclusion: The reduced resistance to heat transfer fencing R ₀ = 3.85 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W is higher than the normalized value R _req = 3,573 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W, thus, the design of the fence meets the requirements of SNiP. The thickness of the insulation of reinforced concrete walls is taken 150 mm.

4. Thermotechnical calculation of the coating of the residential section

Normalized value of heat transfer resistance:

R _req = 0.0005 × 6210 + 2.2 = 4.845 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

The coating is a reinforced concrete slab insulated with extruded polystyrene foam, expanded clay concrete to create the necessary slope and a cement-sand leveling screed. In the heat engineering calculation, the thermal resistance of rolled materials, due to their smallness, is not taken into account.

4.1 Determination of insulation thickness:

Thermotechnical indicators of the coating design:

a) Insulation: extruded polystyrene foam γ = 35 kg / m ³ (TU 2244-057-17925162-2006) with a thickness of 250 mm, thermal conductivity λ ₁ = 0.030 W / (m⋅ ° С)

b) Reinforced concrete (GOST 26633) thickness δ ₂ = 300 mm, density γ ₂ = 2500 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity λ ₂ = 1.92 W / (m⋅ ° С);

c) Expanded clay γ = 1000 kg / m ³ , thickness 40 ... 300 mm, thermal conductivity λ ₃ = 0.27 W / (m⋅ ° С)

d) Concrete screed B15, γ = 1800 kg / m ³ , thickness 50 mm, thermal conductivity λ ₄ = 0.58 W / (m⋅ ° С)

Heat Transfer Coating Resistance:

R ₀ = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R ₃ + R ₄ + R _se

where: R _si = 1 / α _int = 1 / 8.7 = 0.115 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R _se = 1 / α _e = 1/23 = 0.043 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R ₁ = 0.25 / 0.030 = 8.33 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W

R ₂ = 0.3 / 1.92 = 0.15 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W

R ₃ = 0.04 / 0.27 = 0.148 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W

R ₄ = 0.05 / 0.58 = 0.08 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W

R ₀ = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R ₃ + R ₄ + R _se = 0.115 + 8.3 + 0.15 + 0.148 + 0.08 + 0.043 = 8.836 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W

Conclusion: The reduced resistance to heat transfer fencing R ₀ = 8.836 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W is higher than the normalized value R _req = 4.845 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W, so the coating design meets the requirements of SNiPa. We take a thickness of insulation of 250 mm.

Thermotechnical calculation of the coverage of the three-story part of the building

Normalized value of heat transfer resistance:

R _req = 0.0005 × 6210 + 2.2 = 4.845 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

The coating is a reinforced concrete slab insulated with extruded polystyrene foam, expanded clay concrete to create the necessary slope, a cement-sand leveling screed, sand layer, paving slabs. In the heat engineering calculation, the thermal resistance of rolled materials, due to their smallness, is not taken into account.

4.2 Determination of insulation thickness:

Thermotechnical indicators of the coating design:

a) Insulation: extruded polystyrene foam γ = 35 kg / m ³ (TU 2244-057-17925162-2006) 200 mm thick, thermal conductivity λ ₁ = 0.030 W / (m⋅ ° С)

b) Reinforced concrete (GOST 26633) thickness δ ₂ = 300 mm, density γ ₂ = 2500 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity λ ₂ = 1.92 W / (m⋅ ° С);

c) Expanded clay γ = 1000 kg / m ³ , thickness 40 ... 300 mm, thermal conductivity λ ₃ = 0.27 W / (m⋅ ° С)

g) Concrete screed B7.5, γ = 1500 kg / m ³ , thickness 50 mm, thermal conductivity λ ₄ = 0.45 W / (m⋅ ° С)

e) Cement-sand layer, 50 mm thick, thermal conductivity coefficient λ ₃ = 0.47 W / (m⋅ ° С), γ = 600 kg / m ³

f) Paving slabs, 60 mm thick, thermal conductivity coefficient λ ₃ = 0.8 W / (m⋅ ° С), γ = 1800 kg / m ³

Heat Transfer Coating Resistance:

R ₀ = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R ₃ + R ₄ + R ₅ + R ₆ + R _se

where: R _si = 1 / α _int = 1 / 8.7 = 0.115 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R _se = 1 / α _е = 1/23 = 0,043 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R ₁ = 0.20 / 0.030 = 6.66 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W

R ₂ = 0.3 / 1.92 = 0.15 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W

R ₃ = 0.04 / 0.27 = 0.148 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W

R ₄ = 0.05 / 0.45 = 0.11 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W

R ₅ = 0.05 / 0.47 = 0.10 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W

R ₆ = 0.06 / 0.8 = 0.075 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W

R ₆ = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R ₃ + R ₄ + R ₅ + R ₆ + R _se = 0.115 + 8.3 + 0.15 + 0.148 + 0.08 + 0.043 = 7.40 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W.

Conclusion: The reduced resistance to heat transfer fencing R ₀ = 7.40 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W is higher than the normalized value R _req = 4.845 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W, so the coating design meets the requirements of SNiPa. We take a thickness of insulation of 250 mm.

5. Thermotechnical calculation of the overlapping bay windows

Normalized value of heat transfer resistance:

R _req = 0.0005 × 6210 + 2.2 = 5.305 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

The overlap is a reinforced concrete slab insulated from below with mineral wool slabs. The floor construction is performed on the floor slab: sound insulation “Shumoplast 20”, a cement-sand screed and a laminate on the substrate.

5.1. Determination of insulation thickness:

Thermotechnical indicators of the coating design:

a) A cement-sand mortar screed reinforced with a density of γ ₁ = 1800 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity λ ₁ = 0, 58 W / (m⋅ ° С), thickness δ ₁ = 54 mm.

b) Sound insulation layer: “Shumoplast 20” plate with a density of γ ₂ = 120 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity coefficient λ ₂ = 0.065 W / (m⋅ ° С), thickness δ ₂ = 20 mm.

c) Reinforced concrete (GOST 26633) thickness δ ₃ = 210 mm, density γ ₃ = 2500 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity λ ₃ = 1.92 W / (m⋅ ° С);

c) Insulation: mineral wool plate “ROKVUL FASAD BATTS”, thermal conductivity coefficient λ ₄ = 0.042 W / (m⋅ ° С), thickness δ ₄ = 200 mm.

Heat Transfer Coating Resistance:

R ₀ = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R ₃ + R ₄ + R _se

where: R _si = 1 / α _int = 1 / 8.7 = 0.115 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R _se = 1 / α _e = 1/23 = 0.043 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R ₁ = 0.054 / 0.58 = 0.09 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W,

R ₂ = 0.02 / 0.065 = 0.3 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W

R ₃ = 0.21 / 1.92 = 0.1 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W,

R ₄ = 0.2 / 0.042 = 4.76 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W,

R ₀ = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R ₃ + R ₄ + R _se = 0.115 + 0.043 + 0.09 + 0.3 + 0.1 + 4.76 = 5.41 (m ² ⋅ ° С ) / W.

Conclusion: The reduced resistance to heat transfer fencing R ₀ = 5.41 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W is higher than the normalized value R _req = 5.305 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W, so the coating design meets the requirements of SNiPa. We take the thickness of the insulation 200 mm.

6. Thermotechnical calculation of the ceiling over the technical underground

Normalized value of heat transfer resistance: R _req = 1.34 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W

The overlap is a reinforced concrete slab insulated with polystyrene boards. In the heat engineering calculation, the thermal resistance of finishing and lining materials, due to their smallness, is not taken into account.

6.1. Determination of insulation thickness:

Thermotechnical indicators of the coating design:

a) A cement-sand mortar screed - with a density of γ ₁ = 1200 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity coefficient λ ₁ = 0.47 W / (m⋅ ° С), thickness δ ₁ = 40 mm.

b) Heat and sound insulating layer of PSB-S-25 expanded polystyrene

GOST 15588-86 - density γ ₂ = 25 kg / m ³ , coefficient

thermal conductivity λ ₂ = 0,037 W / (m⋅ ° С), thickness δ ₂ = 40 mm.

c) Reinforced concrete floor slab with a density of γ ₃ = 1800 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity coefficient λ ₃ = 1.92 W / (m⋅ ° С), thickness δ ₃ = 200 mm.

Heat transfer resistance:

R ₀ = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R _se

where: R _in = 1 / α _int = 1 / 8.7 = 0.115 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R _n = 1 / α _n = 1/23 = 0.043 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W,

R ₁ = 0.04 / 0.47 = 0.085 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W,

R ₂ = 0.04 / 0.037 = 1.081 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W,

R ₃ = 0.20 / 1.92 = 0.104 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W,

R ₀ = R _si + R ₁ + R ₂ + R ₃ + R _se = 0.115 + 0.085 + 1.081 + 0.104 + 0.043 = 1.428 (m ² ⋅ ° С) / W

Conclusion: The reduced resistance to heat transfer fencing R ₀ = 1,428 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W is higher than the normalized value R _req = 1.37 (m ² ⋅ ° C) / W, thus, the design of the fence meets the requirements of SNiP. The thickness of the heat and sound insulating layer is taken 40 mm.

7. Thermotechnical calculation of windows

8. Thermotechnical calculation of entrance doors

It is determined according to clause 5.7 of SNiP 23-02 2003 according to the formula R ₀ = 0.6 × R _req

Where n = 1 (according to Table 6 of SNiP 23-02-2003);

t _ext = -35 ° C

t _int = + 21 ° C

t _n = 4,5 (according to the table. SNiP 23-02-2003)

α _int = 8.7 W / (m ² ° C)

R _req = 1.43 (m ² ° C) / W

R ₀ = 0.6 × 1.43 = 0.81 (m ² ° C) / W.

We accept the outer door blocks with an indicator of reduced resistance to heat transfer R ₀ = 0.9 (m ² ° C) / W

The degree of reduction in energy consumption during the heating period is minus 4.785%. Therefore, the building belongs to the class “Normal)) in terms of energy efficiency.

Thus, the reduction in power when using the claimed invention is additionally achieved due to the following parameters:

1. Applied energy-efficient equipment (consumers of heating, ventilation, refrigeration systems of the building);

2. reduction of heat loss due to the increased insulation layer;

3. Mutual blocking of consumers is provided for: boilers-heating; heating and air conditioning. Those. excluded simultaneous operation of these systems. At any time, only heating or boilers + air conditioning can be turned on. Also, the simultaneous operation of one boiler and conditioning within one floor is excluded in such a way that in the most loaded mode it is possible to simultaneously operate 2 boilers and conditioning on one section and work 1 boiler and conditioning on another (taken into account in the calculation of electrical loads).

Claims (8)

1. A remote control system for the engineering systems of a residential building, characterized in that it contains a server connected to an automatic energy consumption control unit of the building, configured to control the parameters of engineering systems based on the temperature set by the tenants in the building’s premises and the installed thermal model depending on the outdoor and internal air temperatures, heat capacity of the floors of the building, thermal resistance of the floors, a unit for collecting and monitoring the expended resources of the building’s engineering systems, which is connected to the processing and data transmission units from the sensors and meters of the building’s engineering systems of the building’s premises on the server installed on each floor of the building, moreover, the system further comprises a control and monitoring unit for the consumed electric power of the building, connected to power regulators installed on each floor of the building, and configured to limit the power consumed by users upon reaching the set peak power with the following priority of shutting down engineering systems: parking air supply heaters, heating common areas, central air conditioning, heating of corridors, bathrooms of apartments, reduction of water heating up to 40 °, and as the power consumption of the building users decreases, the connection is made in the reverse order, while during peak hours the control and monitoring unit of the building’s consumed electric power additionally takes into account the free heating power, to determine which the thermal constant of the heating time is calculated, during which massive elements of the building accumulate heat. 2. The system according to p. 1, characterized in that in each residential building there is an additional meter installed, made with the possibility of manual installation of engineering systems by the user and their subsequent automatic maintenance by the system. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that each unit for collecting, processing and transmitting data from sensors of engineering systems of residential premises of the building to a server installed on each floor of the building contains two remote peripheral stations and a program-logic controller station. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control and monitoring unit of the consumed electric power of the building is configured to exclude the simultaneous operation of heating and air conditioning in the building and automatically switch from summer to winter mode, and vice versa, depending on the indications of street temperature. 5. The system according to p. 1, characterized in that it further comprises a control unit and technical accounting of electronic media connected to the server. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an autonomous power supply unit of the building, configured to activate the power supply of the building in emergency mode and providing emergency power to the house from an external generator.

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