RU2620441C2 - Recoil absorber of artillery automatic weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: recoil absorber of the artillery automatic weapon comprises the hydraulic recoil brake made in the form of a piston hydraulic cylinder with one-sided rod and throttling ducts and between the piston cavity and the rod cavity, and the hydrogas recuperator. Hydrogas accumulators with flexible separating diaphragms separating the gas cavity from the hydraulic one are applied in the hydrogas recuperator. The hydraulic cavities of these accumulators are interconnected by means of a manifold. The manifold communicates with the rod cavity of the hydraulic recoil brake by means of the channel, wherein the valve-moderator is installed.

EFFECT: ensuring the compactness and manufacturability of the high-velocity artillery automatic weapon recoil absorber, increasing the reliability and uptime probability of an artillery unit.

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Description

The present invention relates to medium-sized naval artillery installations, in which the retractable parts of the artillery machine are braked using a hydraulic recoil brake that absorbs the movement energy of the retractable parts during firing, turning it into heat, and returning them to their original position and holding the gun in this position for all elevation angles are provided by a hydrogas recuperator.

A distinctive feature of modern medium-sized naval artillery assault rifles is that in them the hydraulic recoil brake and hydrogas knurling form a single unit, which is mechanically connected to the recoiling parts of the gun by one rod. In conditions of a shortage of free space on an artillery gun, which is characteristic of medium-caliber rapid-firing installations, the compact recoil block is assembled more successfully than the recoil brake and the recoil pad in a separate version.

Known recoil device made in the form of a single compact unit (see. "Fundamentals of the design of artillery guns. Design of recoil devices." AN Kupriyanov., Penza 1960, p. 128).

The known recoil device contains a piston hydrogas knurled and a hydraulic recoil brake made in the form of a piston hydraulic cylinder with a one-sided rod connected to the recoil parts of the artillery gun. At the outlet of the rod cavity of the piston cylinder, a hydraulic throttle is installed - an apparatus for controlling the flow of working fluid displaced from the rod cavity of the piston cylinder during rollback by changing the resistance to flow of the working fluid. As a result of overcoming the local resistance during the passage of the working fluid through the hydraulic throttle, hydraulic flow inhibition occurs, accompanied by the conversion of part of the energy into heat.

In medium-caliber artillery installations that have a moderate rate of fire, the pause between shots is sufficient so that the heat generated in the hydraulic throttle during braking of the recoil units is partially dissipated in the environment due to the good thermal conductivity of the steel body of the recoil block. In this case, the temperature of the wall of the vessel in which the gas is located, and therefore the heat transfer between the wall and the gas remain stable.

In fast-firing artillery installations, when firing in long bursts, the entire body of the recoil block is intensively heated, including the walls of the gas vessel of the recuperator, which leads to the influx of heat from the walls of the gas vessel to the gaseous working medium of the recuperator. As a result, the initial temperature and the initial pressure of the gas undergoing the thermodynamic process of compression and expansion in the reel are increased during firing. The resistance to recoil increases, the length of the recoil becomes less than acceptable and the interaction of automatic systems of the artillery installation is violated, for the operation of which the kinetic energy of the recoil parts of the artillery machine is used.

A recoil device of an automatic artillery installation is known in which the recoil brake housing and the recuperator housing are cooled with outboard water (see Utility Model Patent No. 63515, published May 27, 2007). This known device is selected as the prototype of the claimed recoil device.

In the prototype, which contains a hydraulic recoil brake and a hydrogas recuperator, in the housings of which rods are placed which are rigidly connected to the retractable parts of the artillery installation, casings are installed on the said housings, which form hermetic annular longitudinal cavities connected to the supply and exhaust pipes for the coolant.

Due to the high thermal conductivity of the above-mentioned housings closely contacting each other, two processes occur simultaneously in the prototype - intensive molecular heat transfer from the hydraulic brake to the walls of the recuperator due to the thermal conductivity of the structural elements in contact and the convective heat transfer between the surface of the recuperator casing and the coolant surrounding it.

A similar spontaneous irreversible process of transferring heat from warmer to less heated bodies is widely used in surface (recuperative) heat exchangers in which fluids exchanging heat move simultaneously and heat transfer occurs through the walls separating them (heat exchange surface). The basis of the heat calculation of the surface heat exchanger is the determination of the heat exchange surface area necessary to ensure a given heat flux. The smaller the heat flux, the smaller the heat transfer surface area and the smaller the overall dimensions of the heat exchanger.

Reduce heat transfer between the hydraulic brake of the rollback and the hydrogas recuperator due to thermal conductivity, i.e. molecular heat transfer, to ensure compactness and manufacturability of the design of the recoil device of a rapid-firing artillery machine - the task of the claimed invention.

The problem is solved as follows: in the well-known recoil device of an artillery machine gun containing a hydraulic recoil brake made in the form of a piston hydraulic cylinder with a one-sided rod and throttling ducts between the piston and rod cavities, and the hydrogas natalik according to the claimed invention, hydrogas accumulators are used with hydrogas accumulators dividing diaphragms separating the gas cavity from the hydraulic, and the hydraulic cavity of these accumulators the communicators are interconnected by means of a collector on which these accumulators are installed in a row, and a collector equipped with a cooling jacket with windows through which the coolant washing this collector is supplied and withdrawn communicates with the rod cavity of the hydraulic brake of the recoil through a channel in which the moderator valve is installed .

The inventive device in comparison with the prototype has significant differences and has new technical properties that are absent in the known recoil device of a ship’s medium-caliber artillery installation.

The essential thing in the inventive device is, firstly, that hydrogas accumulators are used in the hydrogas knurl, in which the gas medium is separated from the hydraulic medium by a flexible separation diaphragm having low thermal conductivity, and secondly, that the collector on which these accumulators are installed in a row, made in the form of a pipe with minimal contact with the body of the hydraulic brake of the rollback, and is enclosed in a cooling jacket with windows through which the collector washing this collector is supplied and removed eh, eg sea water.

The collector serves as a kind of resistance to the spread of heat through the thermal conductivity of structural elements connecting the brake and the knurling into a single unit. The thermodynamic process performed by the gas during the rollback and rollback process approaches an adiabatic process in which there is no heat exchange between the gas and the environment. This ensures the constancy of the thermodynamic parameters of the working fluid of the gas filler and the invariance of the length of the rollback. The claimed technical solution, while preserving the advantages of the prototype, with the totality of its essential features ensures the compactness and manufacturability of the design of the recoil block, increases the reliability and probability of failure-free operation of the installation as a whole.

Analysis of the existing scientific, technical and patent information showed the uncertainty of the proposed combination of significant distinguishing features. Some significant features were also unknown. Thus, the present invention can be considered as meeting the patentability criterion of "novelty."

In the claimed technical solution, there is an unconventional solution to the problem of ensuring the compactness of the recoil block and the stability of the thermodynamic parameters of the working fluid of the hydrogas recuperator. To do this, instead of the usual one hydrogas spring, in a recoil device, several smaller hydrogas accumulators arranged in a row are used, and the heat supply from the walls of the recoil brake and from the environment to the walls of the hydrogas accumulator of the recuperator is blocked due to the continuous cooling of the hydraulic line connecting the recuperator with the recoil brake. For a specialist, such a solution does not logically follow from the well-known technical level of development of anti-recoil devices of medium-caliber naval artillery installations. Thus, the present invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The device and operation of the inventive device, which is further referred to as "recoil device", are illustrated by the figures:

in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a recoil device;

in FIG. 2 shows a recoil device in section;

in FIG. 3 shows a recoil device and a flow diagram of a working fluid during a rollback;

in FIG. 4 shows a recoil device and a flow diagram of the working fluid at the beginning of free run;

in FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram of a working fluid at the end of a free run;

in FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the flow of the working fluid with a braked run.

The inventive recoil device contains a hydraulic brake rollback 1, made in the form of a piston hydraulic cylinder with a one-sided rod, and a hydrogas recuperator 2, fastened together in a single unit.

The hydraulic brake of the rollback 1 comprises a cylinder 3 with a rear cover 4 and a front cover 5, a rod 6 and a piston 7, forming a piston cavity 8 and a rod cavity 9 in the cylinder 3. Grooves 10 of variable section are made in the cylinder 3, which serve to brake the sliding parts when the rollback, and the window 11 is made, connecting the rod cavity 9 of the cylinder 3 with the hydraulic system of the hydrogas knurling 2. A sleeve 12 is connected to the cover 5, which serves to brake the run-off, which constantly mates with the rod 6, and at the end of the run it also mates with the inner surface awn piston 7. Thus the piston 7 is formed inside a closed cavity 13. In order to create an additional volume of the working fluid 6 is a hollow rod. Radial holes 14, made in the stem 6, connect the additional volume with the bulk of the working fluid. A check valve 15 is installed inside the rod 6 with the possibility of flowing of the working fluid from the cavity of the rod 6 into the piston cavity 8 of the cylinder 3. On the inner surface of the piston 7 there are grooves of variable depth 16 designed to brake the sliding parts at the end of the rollback.

Hydrogas knurled 2 contains hydrogas accumulators 17 with flexible separation diaphragms 18, separating the gas cavity from the hydraulic in these accumulators, a manifold 19 provided with a cooling jacket 20, and a moderator valve 21 with holes 22 and a spring 23, designed to control the flow rate of the working fluid during rolling . The collector 19 is fastened to the cylinder 3, while the cavity 24 of the collector 19 communicates with the rod cavity 9 of the cylinder 3 via a channel 25, in which the moderator valve 21 is mounted above the window 11 made in the cylinder 3. The gas and gas accumulators 17 are mounted on the collector 19 in a row and communicate with their hydraulic cavities with a cavity 24 of the collector 19. The cooling jacket 20 is made with windows through which coolant is supplied with fittings 26, for example, seawater washing the collector 19.

The inventive recoil device operates as follows.

The initial pressure in the hydrogas recuperator 2 corresponds to the pressure of the preliminary preload, ensuring retention of the retractable parts in the initial position at all elevation angles of the barrel of the artillery gun. During the rollback, the rod 6 and the piston 7 connected to the rolling parts of the artillery machine move in the cylinder 3, compressing the working fluid located in the piston cavity 8. Flowing through the grooves 10 of variable cross-section into the stem cavity 9, the working fluid absorbs part of the recoil energy. In the process of moving the piston 7, the cross section of the grooves 10 decreases, the resistance to recoil increases and the retractable parts are smoothly braked. The working fluid displaced from the piston cavity 8 fills the rod cavity 9 of the cylinder 3, compresses the spring 23, tearing off the moderator valve 21 from its seat in the channel 25, and enters through the channel 25 into the cavity 24 of the manifold 19, which is washed by the coolant that leads to the surrounding medium heat transferred to it by the working fluid and the walls of the collector 19.

From the cavity 24 of the collector 19, the working fluid enters the hydraulic cavities of the hydrogas accumulators 17 and, deforming the flexible diaphragms 18, compresses the working gas of these accumulators. At the end of the rollback, when the energy of the sliding parts is absorbed by the hydraulic brake of the rollback 1, approximately equal pressure is set in the cavities 8, 9 and 24. However, due to the difference in the area of the piston 7 in the cavities 8 and 9, a force acts on the rod 6 and piston 7, which returns them to their original position before the rollback. Free roll begins.

The working gas compressed during rollback by the deformed flexible diaphragms 18 expands, displacing the working fluid from the hydraulic cavities of the hydrogas accumulators 17 into the cavity 24 of the manifold 19. Under the action of the spring 23, the moderator valve 21 sits on its seat in the channel 25, leaving only the working fluid to pass through holes 22, the total area of which determines the allowable speed of the run. Further, through the window 11 in the cylinder 3, the working fluid enters the rod cavity 9 of the cylinder 3. Here, the flow of the working fluid is bifurcated. Part of the working fluid through the radial holes 14 enters the cavity of the rod 6, squeezes the check valve 15 and enters the piston cavity 8 of the cylinder 3. Another part of the working fluid enters the piston cavity 8 through the grooves 10 of variable cross section. Vigorous acceleration of the rolling parts takes place. With further rolling, the sleeve 12 overlaps the radial holes 14 on the stem 6, turning off one of the branches of the working fluid entering the piston cavity 8 of the cylinder 3. At the end of the rolling, the sleeve 12 enters the piston 7. A slowed-down rolling occurs. The outflow of the working fluid from the closed cavity 13 of the piston 7 occurs along the grooves of variable depth 16. Due to the resistance to the overflow of the working fluid through the grooves 16, the retraction of the sliding parts is inhibited, and at the end of the run-off, the outflow of the working fluid is carried out only through the annular gap between the sleeve 12 and the piston 7.

Claims (1)

A recoil device of an artillery machine gun containing a hydraulic recoil brake made in the form of a piston hydraulic cylinder with a one-sided rod and throttling ducts between the piston and rod cavities, and a hydrogas knurl, characterized in that hydrogas accumulators with flexible separating diaphragms are used in the hydrogas reel, hydraulic, moreover, the hydraulic cavities of these accumulators communicate with each other by means of a collector on which these the accumulators are installed in a row, and the collector, equipped with a cooling jacket with windows through which the coolant washing this collector is supplied and removed, communicates with the rod cavity of the hydraulic brake of the recoil through a channel in which the moderator valve is installed.

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