RU2617867C2 - Autogyro screw with fastening on rope of tethered aerostat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aerostatics, in particular to devices of cable systems of tethered aerostats. Autogyro screw with fastening on the rope (1) of tethered aerostat has got two blades (2), the screw bushing with a common horizontal pivot and bearing assembly (4). The axis of the bearing assembly (4) of the screw bushing is made of a hollow with a bore diameter sufficient for free passage therein rope (1) of the aerostat, the lower opening of the bearing assembly of axis end has got a thread with the possibility to be screwed therein threaded portion of the upper end of the rod stiffness (5). Rod stiffness (5) consists of two halves and is adapted to align the halves with one another at the joint surfaces after coverage of the rope (1) and provides the fixation of the autogyro screw on the rope (1) with the help of clamping lock (6) carried by the bottom end of rod hardness (5).

EFFECT: with the help of the invention the simplifying of the construction, the reducing of the time of assembly operations, the maintaining of an autorotation mode when the intensity of the incoming air stream are achieved.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to aviation, in particular to aeronautics, and in particular to the device of cable systems of tethered balloons.

The autogyro screw mounted on a tethered balloon cable includes two blades, a screw hub and means for attaching the axis of rotation to the elements receiving the lifting force. Two-blade gyroscrews, as a rule, have blades rigidly connected to each other and a simple swinging sleeve with a common horizontal hinge placed up to the level of the centers of gravity of the blades, because when the screw is operating under load, a small cone is formed with the blade deviating from the horizontal by about 4-6 degrees. The screw hub contains a bearing assembly, the fixed axis of which is connected to the structural elements of the aircraft, perceiving lift.

Autogyroscrews are known in which the sleeve of the butt of the blade passes into the structural elements of horizontal and vertical hinges that ensure the blades flywheel movement and tilt control of the gyroscrew rotor thrust vector using a swashplate (N.I. Kamov. Propeller-driven aircraft, 1948, p. . 39, Fig. 26, p. 40, Fig. 27) this design is not applicable for a gyroscope screw mounted on a cable, because the latter does not provide a separate control system for the inclination of the area of the propeller disc to be swept. In addition, the axis of the horizontal hinges in the scheme of the known design of the rotor of the gyroscope rotor lie in the plane of the propeller disk being thrown and are not able to automatically control the angle of attack.

Autogyroscrews are known in which a pair of blades has a common horizontal hinge to ensure their flywheel motion during rotation, and for tilting the direction of the lift thrust vector, a direct inclination of the axis of rotation of the screw is used. (ON Sokhan. Designing rotor hubs for helicopters. Study Guide, 1981, p. 5, Fig. 3; IP Bratukhin. Autogyros. Theory and Calculation, 1934, §2, Fig. 47 ) Such autogyro screw bushings are used on almost all modern mass-produced amateur gyros and autogyros. However, they are not suitable for mounting a tethered balloon on the cable, as the point of the center of inclination of the axis of the screw hub is too close to the plane of its rotation and the incoming air flow due to the lack of difference in cable stiffness above and below the screw will randomly deflect the plane of the screw either up or down, creating an uncertainty about the possibility of maintaining the stability of the autorotation mode and the required spatial position of the vector of thrust.

According to the technical essence, the scheme of the rotor hub with the common horizontal hinge of the blades and the point of the center of inclination of the axis of rotation located under the rotor hub near the plane of its rotation is adopted as the closest prototype (ON Sokhan. Designing rotor rotor hubs. Training manual, 1981 ., p. 5, fig. 3).

The main disadvantages of the prototype are:

- excessive complexity and difficult collectability of the structure;

- the proximity of the center point of the axis of the sleeve to the plane of rotation of the screw;

- no difference in the rigidity of the bearing cable above and below the screw;

- the presence of uncertainty in maintaining the stability of the autorotation mode with changes in the intensity of the incoming air flow;

- the inability to use the mobility profile of the sagging of the aerostat cable to control the angle of attack of the propeller disk;

- the presence of uncertainty in the spatial position of the thrust vector.

The objective of the invention is to find a technical solution that allows you to create a simple easy-assembled design of the gyroscope and ensure its automatic adaptation to the conditions of flow around the air stream while changing the profile line of the sagging cable, as well as eliminating or mitigating the above disadvantages of the prototype.

The objective of the invention is solved in that an easily assembled design of the gyroscope is proposed with the possibility of installing it on the aerostat cable through a stiffener rod, which displaces the attachment point to the cable down a considerable distance from the plane of rotation of the screw, which introduces a higher rigidity of the area under the screw, allowing the axis of rotation of the screw automatically deviate in the direction of increasing the angle of attack of the screw disk under the influence of the oncoming air flow and changes in the profile line of the sagging of the aerostat cable.

The result obtained is characterized by the following essential features:

- the axis of the bearing assembly of the screw sleeve is hollow with a hole diameter sufficient for free passage of the aerostat cable in it, and the lower end of the hole of the axis of the bearing assembly has a thread with the possibility of screwing into it a threaded section of the upper end of the stiffener rod, which consists of two halves and is adapted to combine half with each other along the surfaces of the joint after covering the cable, and is also equipped with the ability to fix the design of the autogyroscrew on the cable with a clamp lock made from the lower end of the stiffening rod;

- the design of the autogyroscrew is equipped with easily assembled blade connectors and quick-detachable bolts;

- the central bearing assembly of the screw sleeve is equipped with a built-in thrust clutch to prevent reverse motion.

In FIG. 1 shows the construction of an autogyro screw assembly mounted on a balloon cable.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the design of the autogyroscrew in a disassembled state and separately the aerostat cable.

The gyroscope device of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 includes:

Aerostat cable (1), propeller blades (2), eyelets (3) of the hinge of the blades on a common horizontal hinge, the screw hub bearing assembly (4), the stiffening bar (5), which consists of two compatible halves, a crimp rod lock (6) and mounting holes (7) with quick-release bolts.

The device gyroscope operates as follows (Fig. 1, Fig. 2):

In a set of autogyro screw, prepared for installation on a cable, the eyes (3) are pre-mounted on the arms of the blades (2). Assembly and installation of the screw is carried out elementwise. Before fixing the cable (1) in the aerostat's harness assembly, the central bearing assemblies (4) are freely put on it by the number of screws installed on the cable.

While putting the cable from the winch while lifting the balloon, the nodes (4) slide along the cable, remaining at the level of the winch. After reaching the installation point of the first screw on the cable, the operator combines the two halves of the stiffener rod (5) with the grip of the cable (1) and screws its upper end into the axis of the central bearing assembly (4), and snaps the lower end of the stiffener with a crimp rod lock (6 ), providing reliable fixation of the position of the screw on the cable.

After fixing the stiffener bar (5), the eyes (3) pre-mounted on the blades (2) are hung on the axle shafts of the central bearing assembly (4), and the blades (2) are connected to each other by quick-release bolts along the mounting holes (7).

To ensure freedom of rotation of the blades only in the forward direction, the central bearing assembly (4) is equipped with a built-in thrust clutch to prevent reverse motion.

During rotation of the screw, the stiffening rod (5) creates a small difference between the stiffness of the cable (1) above and below the screw. The stiffness below is higher. This is enough to increase the incoming air flow always led to an increase in the angle of attack of the screw and an increase in its lifting thrust.

With some skills in work, the full time of installing the gyroscope on the cable takes no more than 3 minutes. Similar operations are performed when the remaining screws are installed.

As you hand over the aerostat rope from the winch, the screws installed on it, under the influence of the oncoming flow, are untwisted to working revolutions and begin to continuously create lifting thrust.

When choosing a winch balloon rope, the operations of sequential dismantling of gyroscrews are performed in the reverse order after the rotation of the blades is stopped.

The proposed device gyroscope allowed:

- to simplify the design, increase its reliability and reduce the time of installation operations;

- take down from the plane of rotation of the screw the node of its attachment to the cable and, therefore, the center of inclination of the axis of rotation of the screw;

- to ensure that there is a difference in the rigidity of the bearing cable above and below the screw;

- eliminate the uncertainty in maintaining the autorotation mode when changing the intensity of the incoming air flow;

- remove restrictions on the use of the mobility profile of the sagging of the aerostat cable to control the angle of attack of the propeller disk;

- eliminate the uncertainty in the spatial position of the vector of the lifting force of the thrust.

Claims (3)

1. The autogyro screw mounted on a tethered balloon cable, having two blades, a screw hub with a common horizontal hinge and a bearing assembly, characterized in that in order to ensure installation conditions and the possibility of automatic controllability, the axis of the bearing hub of the screw hub is hollow with a hole diameter sufficient for free passage of the aerostat cable in it, the lower end of the hole of the axis of the bearing assembly having a thread with the possibility of screwing into it a threaded section of the upper end of the rigid rod a tee, which consists of two halves and is adapted to align the halves with each other along the surfaces of the joint after covering the cable, and is also equipped with the ability to fix the design of the autogyro screw on the cable using a clamp lock made from the side of the lower end of the stiffener rod. 2. The screw according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to reduce the installation time on the cable of a tethered balloon, the design of the gyroscope is equipped with easily removable blade connectors and quick-release bolts. 3. The screw according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to ensure freedom of rotation of the blades only in the forward direction, the central bearing assembly of the screw sleeve is equipped with a built-in thrust back-up clutch.

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