RU2615856C1 - Method of contact liquids heating and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: method of contact liquids heating is that to the combustion chamber immersed in the liquid, separately supply the fuel and the oxidant through the nozzles, forming the uniform annular layer of fuel mixture, in which initiate the fuel burning in the continuous spin detonation mode, the products of which directly goes into the liquid, giving it the warm. Device for the contact heating is the detonation combustion chamber, which is the annular channel between two coaxially arranged cylindrical tubes, blinded at one end. The fuel and oxidant is separately supplied through two rows of holes uniformly positioned in the annular gap along the circles equidistant from the cylindrical walls of the chamber. The accumulated mixture is ignited by the electric discharge. The combustion proceeds in the continuous spin detonation process. The detonation products flow, coming from the detonation chamber, ejects the liquid through the central tube, is crushed in shock waves into the small bubbles and gives its heat to the liquid. The perforated plate - cavitator is installed to intensify the crushing of the bubbles at the outlet of the detonation chamber.

EFFECT: increase of the energy security and reduction of heat losses.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat engineering and can be used for heating liquids in various technological processes without the use of heat exchangers with direct contact of the products of fuel combustion with a liquid.

A known method of heating a coolant (RU 93017298 A, 10.27.1996), comprising supplying fuel and an oxidizing agent, mixing and burning them in a combustion chamber, supplying a liquid (water) pre-heated in a heating jacket of a combustion chamber to a combustion area, removing the vapor obtained from the mixture liquids and products of combustion of a biagent coolant. The disadvantage of the described method is the reduction of the flame temperature due to the supply of water to the combustion chamber, which leads to incomplete combustion of the fuel and the formation of soot polluting the coolant.

A known method of two-stage heating of the coolant by the combustion products of methane with air in a gas burner (patent RU 2183791 C1, 06/20/2002). At the first stage, the coolant is heated in the water jacket of the combustion chamber, then fed into the jet apparatus, where it is mixed with the products of complete combustion of the fuel and heated to a temperature of 120-900 degrees. The disadvantages of this method include the incomplete combustion of fuel in a turbulent gas burner and the ingress of unburned fuel residues into the coolant, as well as the complexity of the method.

A known method of heating a liquid (JP 2005147464 A, 06/09/2005), comprising supplying and burning gaseous fuel (a mixture of fuel and an oxidizing agent) from one tube into a liquid in the form of a single bubble, followed by electric ignition. The thermal energy generated during the combustion of fuel passes into the liquid. The disadvantage of this method: the supply of finished fuel through one tube into the coolant can lead, when burning a bubble, to a leak of flame into the tube and an explosion inside the mixing chamber of fuel and oxidizer.

A device for burning fuel in the continuous spin detonation mode is described in patent RU 2459150 C2, 08.20.2012.

The device comprises an annular combustion chamber, a system for mixing reagents (fuel with an oxidizing agent) located at the beginning of the combustion chamber, a supply system including an annular nozzle with holes evenly spaced around the circumference of the wall of the combustion chamber, an inlet and an outlet for combustion products, an ignition source. The combustion chamber is made expanding from entrance to exit, there is a gap at the front end of the combustion chamber through which one of the reactants of the combustible mixture (fuel or oxidizer) is fed in the ejection mode, an annular nozzle is located opposite the gap, which is a means of turbulent flow. The device operates as follows: fuel is supplied through an annular nozzle, the oxidizer in ejection mode enters through a slot at the front end of the chamber. After combustion initiation by a thermal pulse, fuel combustion in spin transverse detonation waves is started, after which an oxidizer is ejected through a gap in the rarefaction wave adjacent to the detonation front. Detonation is carried out continuously until fuel is supplied under the conditions of the location of the chamber in an unlimited volume of oxidizer.

The disadvantages of the known device include the impossibility of its use in liquids or a rarefied atmosphere, since the ejection of the oxidizing agent must be carried out from the environment.

Closest to the claimed invention is a method of heating a liquid coolant (RU 2465521 C2, 10.27.2012) (prototype): fuel and an oxidizing agent are supplied to a coolant separately, then they are mixed in a coolant to form a gas bubble of a combustible mixture, which is ignited by an electric discharge when it reaches a bubble given sizes. To obtain a high-power heater, many pairs of fuel-oxidizer flows are created due to branching of the pipeline and the number of ignition electrodes is increased, which should be attributed to the disadvantages of this method along with the complexity of the synchronization system for igniting bubbles. The known method is characterized by low efficiency due to incomplete combustion of fuel in the process of conventional combustion (deflagration). The device used to implement the method has at least two supply pipelines to enable separate supply of fuel and oxidizer to the coolant. Each pipeline has many branch tubes, which are combined in pairs in such a way that they form channels for the separate supply of fuel and oxidizer to the coolant with the possibility of the formation of a bubble of a combustible mixture. Tubing branches are combined into separate blocks enclosed in dielectric housings and connected to respective pipelines. In this case, the branch tubes have access to the active surface of the said dielectric casing. The disadvantage of this method and device is the complexity of the system of blowing and ignition of bubbles with fuel directly in the coolant. The task to which the invention is directed is to simplify the method of heating the coolant and the device for its implementation, increasing energy efficiency and safety. The solution to this problem is achieved by contact heating of liquids, including the burning of a combustible mixture of fuel and an oxidizing agent and the implementation of a heated coolant. In this case, the combustion of the combustible mixture is carried out in a combustion chamber immersed in a heated liquid, followed by the withdrawal of reaction products from it into the heated liquid, the fuel and the oxidizing agent being introduced into the combustion chamber with the formation of a uniform annular layer of the combustible mixture, in which the combustion of fuel is initiated in the continuous mode spin detonation.

Preferably, the fuel and oxidizing agent are fed separately to the combustion chamber through nozzles.

The goal is also achieved by using a device for contact heating of a liquid containing an annular combustion chamber formed by two hollow coaxially arranged cylinders, muffled from one end, a separate fuel and oxidizer supply system, which is two rows of nozzles uniformly spaced around the circumference in the combustion chamber, an inlet in the center of the device for flowing fluid through the combustion process, an outlet for combustion products, an ignition source, a cavitator, representing a plate with holes mounted opposite the outlet of the camera.

The cavitator is intended for crushing detonation products into small bubbles in a liquid and enhancing heat transfer between hot detonation products and a liquid.

In contrast to the known method (prototype), the heating of the liquid occurs due to the combustion of fuel in transverse detonation waves, and not during normal combustion (deflagration). Theoretical calculations show that the process of detonation fuel combustion is thermodynamically more efficient than conventional combustion (Zeldovich Y.B. To the question of the energy use of detonation combustion // Journal of Technical Physics. - 1940. - V. 10, Issue 17. - P. 1453 -1461), and experiments conducted at the Institute of Hydrodynamics. M.A. Lavrent'eva SORAN (Bykovsky F.A., Zhdan S.A. Continuous spin detonation. Novosibirsk, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2013, 423 pp.), Show that when detonating combustion of air-fuel mixtures, less nitrogen oxides and other harmful compounds are formed than with conventional burning.

A detonation chamber (a device for burning fuel) placed in a liquid does not need a cooling jacket and, unlike the known device (RU 2459150 C2, 08/20/2012), it can work when immersed directly in the liquid by supplying fuel and an oxidizing agent through nozzles, and not ejecting one of the fuel components from the surrounding space, has a central cylinder that is not massive, but in the form of a pipe for through flow of fluid through the chamber to improve cooling of the cylinder walls, it was proposed to install at the outlet of the combustion chamber avitator to improve heat transfer between the hot and liquid products intended for crushing in liquid detonation products into small bubbles.

The application of the invention will contribute to a more rational use of natural energy resources by reducing heat loss during heat transfer to a liquid coolant during fuel combustion.

The drawing shows a diagram of a device for heating a liquid.

The device is a design with an annular gap between the outer (1) and inner (2) hollow cylinders located coaxially. The gap is muffled from one end and has two rows of nozzles (3), evenly spaced on this end along circles, equidistant from the walls of the gap and intended for separate supply of oxidizing agent (4) and fuel (5). An electric candle (6) is installed in the annular gap. At the exit of the chamber, a cavitator (7) is installed, which is a plate with holes. The device is placed in a container (8) filled with liquid.

The device operates as follows.

In the gap between two coaxially arranged cylinders: external - 1, internal - 2, fuel 5 and oxidizer 4 are separately supplied through nozzles 3. The mixed components of the fuel are ignited using an electric candle 6. Combustion goes into the process of continuous spin detonation. The flow of detonation products coming out of the detonation chamber ejects liquid through the flow tube of the inner cylinder, crushes on the cavitator 7 into small bubbles and gives off its heat to the liquid. From the tank 8, the heated liquid enters the consumer.

It is the claimed design differences, the characteristics of the device for heating the liquid that allow us to implement the inventive method, thereby ensuring the achievement of the task, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention are connected by a single inventive concept.

The technical result achieved by using the invention is to simplify the method of heating the coolant and the device for its implementation, increasing energy efficiency and safety.

Claims (4)

1. The method of contact heating of liquids, including the combustion of a combustible mixture of fuel and an oxidizing agent and the implementation of a heated coolant, characterized in that the combustion of the combustible mixture is carried out in a combustion chamber immersed in a heated liquid, followed by the withdrawal of reaction products from it into a heated liquid, and a combustible the mixture and oxidizing agent are introduced into the combustion chamber with the formation of a uniform annular layer of the combustible mixture, in which the combustion of fuel is initiated in the continuous spin detonation mode. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the combustible mixture and the oxidizing agent are fed separately to the combustion chamber. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the combustible mixture and the oxidizing agent are fed into the combustion chamber through nozzles. 4. A device for contact heating of a liquid, including a container with a coolant and a device for burning fuel, characterized in that the device for burning fuel is made in the form of an annular combustion chamber, which is a gap formed by two hollow coaxially located cylinders and muffled from one end, the system separate supply of fuel and oxidizer, which is two rows of nozzles uniformly spaced around the circumference in the combustion chamber, an inlet in the center of the device for flow through fluid flow during fuel combustion, an outlet for combustion products, an ignition source, a cavitator, which is a plate with holes installed opposite the outlet of the chamber, with the possibility of crushing detonation products into small bubbles in the liquid.

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