RU2615287C1 - Wind and hydraulic power unit with composite blades using magnus effect in flow (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wind and hydraulic power industry. Wind and hydraulic power unit with composite blades, using Magnus effect in flow, contains wind and hydraulic impeller with horizontal rotation axis, at which electric generator is fixed, and cylinders with drive radially mounted on flaps, on one end each cylinder has non-rotating root part, on other is rotating end part, equipped with washer, truncated cone, and contains spiral ribs-screws on its surface and on cone surface, wherein cone base faces cylinder, which diameter is larger than diameter of cylinder. On cylinders both sides on flaps brackets are secured with possibility of turning, between brackets along flow direction axis rotors are located, of Savonius type, wherein rotors are located in front of or behind cylinders, and their blades are installed on matched with cylinders rotation direction.

EFFECT: invention aims at increasing of aerodynamic lift in working cylinders based on Magnus effect.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The proposed wind hydroelectric power plant (VGEU) relates to devices for converting wind or hydraulic energy into mechanical or electrical.

Known, for example, "The rotor of a wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation", authors A. Solovyov, V. Silin. and Usatova A.I. according to USSR author's certificate No. 1663225, IPC F03D 1/00, containing radial cylinders mounted for rotation around their axes, fixed disks placed at the ends of the cylinders, plate-type spoilers attached to the disks located along the generatrix cylinders and displaced from the plane of the axes in windward direction.

The disadvantage of this device is the insignificant power generated, since the lifting force of the Magnus effect created by composite blades consisting of cylinders with plate-type spoilers in this embodiment is small, since the pressure difference on the opposite sides of the cylinders is achieved only due to the inhibition of part of the flow by the spoilers.

Also known is "Wind Turbine and the way it works" author N. Bychkova according to RF patent No. 21118699, IPC F03D 1/00, containing a wind wheel with a horizontal axis of rotation and radially mounted cylinders with end washers and longitudinal turbulators, as well as a cylinder drive, an electric generator, the cylinders being made up of rotating and non-rotating parts and equipped with turbulators. The turbulators are located asymmetrically relative to the direction of the wind and with a gap of a certain size relative to the surface of the cylinders, which improves the parameters of the device.

This installation made more complex composite blades, consisting of composite cylinders with two turbulators and end washers, which allows to increase the effect of Magnus force in comparison with previous analogues, however, by a small amount.

Also known is the "Method of enhancing the Magnus effect" and devices implementing it by the author Komarova N.N. according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2333382, IPC F03D 1/00, containing wind wheels with a horizontal shaft and fairings, radial blades in the form of cylindrical rotors, drives for rotating cylinders, an electric generator, additional shaped planes in the form of a blade along each cylindrical rotor, blades of the front flow divider, flow seal paddle and flow stop paddle.

The disadvantages of the device according to this method is the complexity of their implementation and lack of efficiency, because, as in the previous analogues, only manipulations with parts of the wind flow without amplification as a result of conversion to additional force and power are used. The advantage of the description of patent No. 2333382 is a patent analysis of such developments in a number of leading countries.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is the "Wind turbine" authors Bychkova NM, Sorokina A.M. and Novuhiro Murokami (JP) according to RF patent No. 2381380, IPC F03D 1/06, comprising a windwheel with a horizontal axis of rotation and radially mounted cylinders for realizing the Magnus effect, as well as a cylinder drive and an electric generator, the composite cylinders being made with a non-rotating root and rotating end parts and with a washer at the end, and the rotating part is made of a cylindrical part with a truncated cone at the end, while the surfaces of the cylinder and cone are made with spiral auger ribs.

In this invention, the inductive resistance from rotation of the cylinders is reduced, the cost of power to drive the rotation of the cylinders is reduced, which allows to obtain a large specific power from the installation.

However, the present invention has the same disadvantages as the above counterparts with a horizontal axis of rotation.

This device also uses only the redistribution of parts of the stream without additional amplification by any external device, which can significantly increase the strength of the Magnus effect and it is useful to convert it to work.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, increase the efficiency and power generated by the installation of the prototype using the Magnus effect.

The technical advantages of the claimed technical solution compared to the prototype are as follows:

- increased aerodynamic lifting force of working cylinders based on the Magnus effect due to the use of additional rotors, such as a Savonius rotor, located remotely on the brackets in the direction of flow and enhancing the pressure drop on opposite sides of the cylinders, which leads to the appearance of additional lifting force;

- increased aerodynamic lifting force from the Magnus effect and provided the possibility of its regulation in a specific wind or hydraulic environment by equipping additional rotors with a drive from low-power electric motors;

- provided the ability to control the aerodynamic lifting force from the Magnus effect by providing the ability to move the rotors on the brackets relative to the working cylinders.

As a result of a search by sources of patent and scientific and technical information, we did not find a set of features characterizing the described “Wind-hydro power installation with composite blades using the Magnus effect (Variants)” in a stream. Thus, in our opinion, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "new".

Based on a comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prior art, it can be argued that between the set of distinctive features, their functions and the task achieved, the proposed technical solution does not follow explicitly from the prior art and meets the eligibility criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed technical solution can find application as a high-power windmill, as well as as a hydropower installation installed on sea and ocean currents. For example, by analogy with the propeller marine hydropower plants installed on the Gulf Stream off the coast of the United States.

"Wind turbine installation with composite blades using the Magnus effect (Variants) in the flow", is shown in the drawings, where:

- in FIG. 1 is a frontal view of a windwheel, an arrangement of the cylinder towards the flow, and the rotor behind it, with the direction of wind or water flow V shown by the receding arrow ⊕;

- in FIG. 2 - the same, but a top view, the direction of flow V in the direction of the arrow ↑;

- in FIG. 3 is the same, but a side view with a conditionally removed left bracket, wherein V ₁ and V ₂ belong to the main stream V, divided around the cylinder, a V ₃ and V ₄ streams created additionally from the rotating rotor;

- in FIG. 4 - a variant of the location of the rotor towards the flow, and the cylinder behind it, also with the conditionally removed left bracket and the redistribution of parts of the flows.

The composite blade of the wind turbine VGEU consists of a cylinder 1 and a rotor 2, such as a Savonius rotor, which, using the left bracket 3 and the right bracket 4, are remotely mounted on the O-axis on the fly 5 connected to the head 6 of the wind turbine, for example, a three-blade wind turbine mounted on mast 7 (in the drawings, the remaining blades of the windwheel of the installation are not shown for simplification).

The fastening of the brackets on the swing allows (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) when adjusting the relative position of the rotors and cylinders on the blades to produce a deviation of the rotor from the O-O axis within the angles ± α (new axes O ₁ -O ₁ or O ₂ -O ₂ ) radially relative to the center of the cylinders.

The cylinders are rotated in a known manner by means of their electric drives, and the generator is connected to the head of the 6th wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation (not shown in the drawing). The rotors either rotate freely under the action of the main flow V, or their axes are connected to the axes of additional low-power motors 8, mounted on one of the brackets and connected to the power source through a controlled electric drive (not shown in the drawing). The composition of each cylinder includes a non-rotating root part 9, an end washer 10, a cone 11 and spiral ribs-screws 12, deposited on the surface of the rotating part of the cylinder 1 and on the surface of the cone, the base of which with a large diameter faces the cylinder.

VGEU works as follows. When using the option of arranging the cylinder 1 towards the flow, and the rotor 2 behind it (Fig. 1, 2, 3), the flow V of wind or water flowing around the cylinders is divided into parts V ₁ and V ₂ . When the cylinder 1 is forced to rotate counterclockwise, the flow of flow V _{1, in} accordance with the direction of rotation, creates a reduced pressure on the upper part of the cylinder, and the movement of the flow V ₂ against the direction of rotation creates an increased pressure on the lower part of the cylinder. According to Bernoulli’s law, the difference in these pressures creates the Magnus force effect directed vertically for this case: the force F applied to the swing 5 rotates the VGEU head 6 located on the mast 7. An electric generator (not shown in the drawing) is attached to the smallpox of the VGEU head (not shown in the drawing) or another consumer mechanical energy.

The stream V, bypassing the cylinder 1 on both sides, is captured by the rotor 2 and makes it rotate. With the spatial arrangement of the rotor blades, as shown in FIG. 3, the latter also rotates counterclockwise and creates a suction stream V ₃ , which accelerates the movement of the stream V1, and an inhibitory stream V ₄ directed against the stream V ₂ . As a result of additional circulation of the flow velocity on the upper part of the cylinder, the pressure decreases even more, and on its lower part it rises, which creates an additional force F _add. and additional total torque for the composite blade of the VGEU: (F + F _add. ).

By turning the brackets 3 and 4, mounted on the max 5, it is possible to change the position of the rotors 2 relative to the cylinders 1 within the angles ± α and the axes O ₁ -O ₁ , O ₂ -O ₂ , while the energy of the flows V ₃ will increase or decrease V ₄ and, accordingly, it will become possible to adjust the total force (F ± F _add. ) In relation to a specific wind or hydraulic situation.

Regulation on the max 5 of the force from the Magnus effect can also be achieved by forced accelerated rotation of the rotors 2 from additional electric motors 8 connected to the power source through a controlled electric drive. In this case, the flows V ₃ and F ₄ increase and, accordingly, the stream V ₁ accelerates and the stream V ₂ slows down, which creates additional conditions for increasing the force F _add.

In FIG. 4 separately, without using the general views of FIG. 1, 2, 3, an embodiment of the rotor arrangement towards the flow is shown, and the cylinder is located behind it. In this case, when moving, for example, the stream V on the left side, the rotors 2 rotate clockwise and divide this stream into V ₃ and V ₄ . The cylinders 1 are also forced to rotate clockwise, and the flow V, flowing around the cylinders, is divided into parts V ₁ and V ₂ , and on the upper part of the cylinder the flow accelerates (V1 + V3), and on the lower part of the cylinder it slows down (V ₂ - V ₄ ), which increases the pressure difference and the effect of the Magnus force (F + F _add. ).

Similarly to the previous embodiment, the rotors 2 can be equipped with drive motors.

Cones 11 and spiral ribs-screws 12 on the rotating parts of the cylinders 1 reduce the inductive and profile resistance of the cylinders, which reduces the power consumption for their rotation. This is achieved through the use of the difference in centrifugal forces at the opposite ends of the cones, under the influence of which flows are formed, directed towards the center of the wind wheel. This effect is enhanced by spiral ribs-screws 12 at the ends and on the rotating cylindrical parts. This contributes to the additional movement of air towards the center of the wind wheel. Auger ribs, in addition, improve the flow around the cylinders, bringing them closer to continuous flow, which reduces the profile resistance.

The optimal operating modes of the wind-driven power plant also depend on the ratio of the diameters of the rotors and cylinders, on their relative position and on the distance between their rotation axes.

Instead of Savonius rotors, more efficient ones can be used, for example, “Rotor Wind Turbine” by A. Popov. and others according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 311151, IPC F03D 1/02. In addition, the cylinders can be applied, as in the prototype, rib screws, truncated cones, washers and other known elements that also enhance the Magnus effect.

According to preliminary estimates, the use of Savonius-type rotors in the proposed composite blade allows to increase the lifting force of rotating cylinders by 15 ... 18%. In addition, the proposed VGEU is strained from its place (starts rotation) and operates at a lower speed of the main stream.

The claimed technical advantages will allow us to create new and effective designs that compete with common winged (propeller) wind turbines.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Soloviev A.P. and others. The rotor of a wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation. USSR author's certificate No. 1663225, IPC F03D 1/00 (analogue).

2. Bychkov N.M. Wind turbine and the way it works. RF patent №2118699, IPC F03D 1/00 (analogue).

3. Komarova N.M. A way to enhance the Magnus effect. RF patent №2333382, IPC F03D 1/00 (analogue).

4. Bychkov N.M., Sorokina A.M., Novuhiro Murokami (JP). Wind turbine. RF patent No. 2381380, IPC F03D 1/06 (prototype).

5. Popov A.I. and other rotor wind turbine. Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 31511, IPC F03D 1/02 (analogue).

6. Murakami Novuhiro (JP), Ito Dzun (JP). Magnus-based wind generator. RF patent No. 2330988, IPC F03D 1/06 (analogue).

7. Scheklein S.E., Popov A.I. Magnus effect wind turbine (Options). RF patent №2526127, IPC F03D 9/00 (analogue).

8. Soloviev A.P. Composite rotor of Magnus type. RF patent No. 2213883, IPC F03D 3/00 (analogue).

9. US patent 4366386 A, 12/28/1982 (analogue).

10. British patent 245134 A, 02/10/1927 (analogue).

11. Japan patent 5504257 A, 03/21/1980 (analogue).

12. German patent 2734938 A1, 02.22.1979 (analogue).

13. German patent 3501807 A1, 07.24.1986 (analogue).

14. PCT publication: WO 2005/075820 (08/18/2005) (analogue).

15. Soloviev A.P. Wind turbine with Magnus rotors. RF patent No. 2189494. IPC F03D 1/00 (analog).

16. Chinese patent 204212917 U dated 03/18/2015 (analogue).

17. US patent 2015061294 A1 of 03/05/2015 (analogue).

Claims (4)

1. Wind turbine with multiple blades, using the Magnus effect in the flow, containing a wind turbo with a horizontal axis of rotation, on which the electric generator is mounted, and cylinders with a drive radially mounted on the wings, each of the cylinders has a non-rotating root part on one end, on the other - a rotating end part equipped with a washer, a truncated cone and contains spiral ribs-screws on its surface and on the surface of the cone, while the base of the cone is facing the cylinder, the diameter of orogo larger diameter of the cylinder, characterized in that at both sides of the cylinders on mahah fastened pivotally mounts, between the brackets situated on the axis of the rotors flow direction, such Savonius, wherein the rotors are situated behind cylinders and that the blades are mounted on the agreed with cylinders direction of rotation. 2. Wind turbine installation with composite blades, using the Magnus effect in the stream according to claim 1, characterized in that the motors connected to the rotors, the blades of which are installed for their accelerated rotation, coordinated with the direction of rotation, are additionally introduced and connected to the power source through a controlled drive cylinders from the flow. 3. Wind turbine installation with composite blades, using the Magnus effect in the flow, containing a wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation, on which an electric generator is mounted, and cylinders with a drive radially mounted on the wings, each cylinder has a non-rotating root part at one end, and at the other end a rotating end part equipped with a washer, a truncated cone and contains spiral ribs-screws on its surface and on the surface of the cone, while the base of the cone is facing the cylinder, the diameter of orogo larger diameter of the cylinder, characterized in that at both sides of the cylinders on mahah fastened pivotally mounts, between the brackets situated on the axis of the flow direction of the rotors, such Savonius, wherein the rotors are arranged in front of the cylinder, and that the blades are mounted on the agreed with cylinders direction of rotation. 4. Wind turbine installation with composite blades, using the Magnus effect in the stream according to claim 3, characterized in that the motors connected to the rotors, the blades of which are installed for their forced rotation, coordinated with the direction of rotation of the cylinders, are additionally introduced and connected to the power source through a controlled drive from the stream.

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