RU2614288C2 - Method of integrated municipal sewage water treatment and sediment reworking in villages withunsewered areas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method of integrated municipal sewage water treatment comprises equalization of consumption to hourly average consumption, mechanical sewage water treatment in sediment tanks, biological treatment in multistage bioreactors using biocenoses - microorganisms attached to the fiber brush nozzle, advanced sewage water treatment in the aerobic bioreactors and processing of precipitations excreted during sewage water treatment. Sedimentation is performed in the clarifier with flocculation chamber with natural aeration, precipitations of sewage water are fed from the clarifiers into anaerobic digester with a temperature of 15°C, while biological treatment is performed in nitri-denitrification bioreactors with biocenoses attached to the brush nozzle of polyamide super slim fibers with recirculation of treated water from the second nitrification stage to the denitrification stage, reclaimed water from the nitri-denitrification and advanced treatment bioreactors is fed into the consumptrion equalizing tank with supernatant water of digesters.

EFFECT: quaility improvement of the water treatment, process simplification.

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Description

The invention relates to methods for deep purification of municipal wastewater and the processing of sludge intended for biological treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater close to them in composition, and can be used in public utilities of sewage facilities located separately from residential buildings.

The method of deep wastewater treatment and sludge treatment includes averaging the hourly flow rate to the hourly average, crushing the wastes present in the wastewater to a level that ensures non-contamination of the water and sludge transport communications, supplying the biological wastewater treatment facilities with a brush nozzle that keeps microorganisms from the bacteria, including from bacteria anammox, to aquatic organisms such as mollusks, the accumulation of sewage sludge in anaerobic superheater bioreactors providing deep aspad organic impurities wastewater by 40%, with the exception operation straining wastewater. At the same time, the brush nozzle is made of polyamide superthin fibers, and in the hangar, where all the wastewater treatment and sediment treatment facilities are located, the temperature is maintained at least 15 ° C.

It is known to use two-tier sedimentation tanks, septic tanks, bleach-reagents for mechanical wastewater treatment, accumulation and stabilization of accumulated sediments (SNiP 2.04.03-85. Sewerage. External networks and structures. Gosstroy of the USSR, M.: TsITP Gosstroy of the USSR, 1986, s . 28, 29) [1].

Deep wastewater treatment from impurities is achieved in wastewater treatment plants using a biocenosis of microorganisms attached to a brush nozzle (RF Patent No. 2339588 Method for deep wastewater treatment, published on November 27, 2008. Patent holder NI Kulikov) [2].

Objectives of the invention

- Simplification of the wastewater treatment process, reducing the number of operations during the maintenance of the treatment plant;

- Reducing the cost of processing sewage sludge;

- Rational use of volumes of biological wastewater treatment plants and mechanical wastewater treatment plants;

- Obtaining stable quality parameters of purified water.

The tasks are solved by the fact that the method of deep wastewater treatment includes averaging the wastewater costs by the hour of the day to the average hourly flow rate, grinding the wastes present in the wastewater of mechanical impurities to a level that ensures non-clogging of communications for movement of water and sediment in buildings, and supply of structures multistage biological wastewater treatment with a brush nozzle that holds the biocenosis of microorganisms from bacteria, including anommox, to hydrobionts such as mollusks, accumulation e wastewater sludge in anaerobic bioreactors, providing a deep decomposition of organic wastewater impurities by 40%, excluding wastewater filtering operations.

Explains the proposed method for deep wastewater treatment in the range of productivity from 100 to 5000 m ³ / day technological scheme (Fig. 1), a high-altitude arrangement of structures inside a closed hangar (Fig. 2), the design of bioreactors with a brush nozzle (Fig. 3).

In FIG. 1, 2, 3 the following positions of structures, equipment, communications are used:

1 - Wastewater flow averagers

2- Pump for supplying an hourly average flow rate of wastewater for treatment, equipped with an impeller with a cutting edge

3 - Hangar for the placement of capacitive reactors, equipment and communications

4 - Clarifiers with natural aeration of wastewater

4.1 - Central pipe

4.2 - Flocculation chamber

4.3 - Settling chamber

4.4 - Trays for collecting clarified wastewater

5 - Ruff nozzle

6 - Regeneration bubblers

7 - Sewage sludge discharge pipe in superchargers 8

8 - Removers

8.1 - The flow of sludge water from the processors 8 in the averagers 1

9 - A pump for transferring sludge settled in clarifiers 4 to fermentation in superchargers 8

10. Sludge water pumps from dewatering devices 13

10.1 - Sludge water from the dewatering device 13 to the averager 1;

11 - Pipeline for the flow of clarified 4 clarifiers in wastewater into denitrifiers 12

12 - Denitrifiers with a brush nozzle 5

13 - Device for sludge dewatering

14 - Nitrification of the first stage of nitrification

15 - Nitrification of the second stage of nitrification

16 - Pipeline for recycling nitrified wastewater from nitrification of the second stage 15 to denitrification 12

17 - Blower

18 - Ducts

19 - Aeration bubblers

20 - Beam Crane

21 - Pipelines for drainage of regeneration water from bioreactors of post-treatment 26 to averagers 1 of waste water

22 - Air intake pipe for the blower 17

23 - Fan

24 - Ventilation air exhaust pipe to the gas treatment unit 25

25 - Gas treatment plant

26 - Sewage treatment bioreactor

27 - RFV - pure water tank

28 - Installation of ultraviolet radiation - ultraviolet disinfection of purified water

29 - Pump for the supply of purified water for use for the technical needs of the sewer

30 - Pipeline for removal of fermented sludge to the dehydration unit 13

31 - Dehydrated sludge storage tank

32 - Container for the export of dehydrated sludge to agricultural fields as an organomineral fertilizer

Implemented the proposed method of deep wastewater treatment as follows. Wastewater enters the hangar (3) into the flow averagers (1) by gravity or pressure mode depending on the location of the hangar (3) with respect to the sewage system. Of the averagers (1) of the wastewater flow rate through a pump (2) with an impeller having a cutting edge, the wastewater is an average hourly flow rate that provides the volume of capacities of the averager (1) of the flow rates equal to K _total wastewater flow at a daily flow rate of 100 to 5000 m ³ / day at a level of 2.5 no less than 0.3 Q _days [3, 4].

The pump (2) delivers wastewater under pressure to the clarifier (4), into its flocculation chamber (4.2) through the central pipe (4.1) at a speed of 0.5 ... 0.7 m / s, at which the flow of wastewater carries air bubbles that form when the pressure stream enters the water in the central pipe (4.1). When the effluent stream in the lower part of the central pipe (4.1) exits into the flocculation chamber (4.2), air bubbles aerate the contents of the flocculation chamber (4.2) and provide coarsening of suspended particles of wastewater, which leads to their rapid sedimentation into the sedimentary zone of the clarifier bottom and thickening to a moisture content of 95%. The effect of clarification of wastewater from suspended solids is about 70%. Thus _BOD of waste water is reduced by only 15%, and leaves the possibility of denitrification biocoenosis heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria (12). However, due to the decay of ashless matter, sewage sludge in refiners (8) is 40%, including the decay of protein substances, which have about 15% ammonium nitrogen in their composition. And the degradation products of wastewater sludge protein enter the averagers (1) of wastewater discharges and then to denitrifiers (12). Therefore, in the denitrifiers (12) there must also be a biocenosis of bacteria anammox, which, according to research by the Institute of Microbiology named after IN AND. Vinogradsky is held only on a ruff nozzle (5) made of polyamide superthin fibers; therefore, a ruff nozzle in denitrifiers (12) should consist of polyamide fibers. The exclusion from the process of wastewater treatment of filtering devices, their replacement with a pump with an impeller having a cutting edge, reduced operating costs for the maintenance of grids and concerns about the removal of garbage from grids.

The decay of wastewater sludge in reagents (8) has reduced the cost of dewatering and decontaminating sludge before disposal, and the transportation of dehydrated sludge to their disposal sites.

The supply of wastewater for treatment by an average hourly average flow rate ensures even use of the potential of biocenoses of bioreactors and stability of the quality of purified water.

In accordance with the flow diagram shown in FIG. 1, the wastewater to be treated after passing through the bioreactors of the denitrification (12) (Fig. 3) and nitrification (14) and (15) (Fig. 1) enter the bioreactors (26) of the wastewater treatment, and then into the clean water tanks (27) . Placing bioreactors on the clean floor of the hangar (3) allows the gravity flow of treated wastewater with minimal operating costs. Recirculation of purified water from second-stage nitrification (15) to denitrification (12) through a pipeline (16) allows diluting the initial clarified water and providing a biocenosis of denitrification microorganisms (12) with nitrites and nitrates - oxygen sources for the oxidation of organic wastewater impurities and it is rational to use air oxygen coming from the blowers (17) through the air ducts (18) through the bubblers (19) (Fig. 2) and (6) (Fig. 3).

The regeneration of the brush nozzle (5) of the bioreactors is necessary to remove dead hydrobionts and remove them to the averager (1) of the wastewater flow rate and then to the reformers (8). The purified water disinfected with UV radiation in the RFF (27) through the pump (29) is directed to the technical needs of the sewage system, which allows to reduce the consumption of drinking water quality, and therefore the cost of utility bills.

Example 1

The wastewater of the Thunder store with a daily flow rate of 100 m ³ / day, thanks to averaging tanks made of PVC pipes with a diameter of 2.5 m, a volume of 30 m ³ (2 pipes with bottoms 3 m long), ensures averaging of the wastewater flow rate to an average hourly flow rate of 4 m ³ / h Using a pump (2), they are pumped to a clarifier (4) under a pressure of 7 m, where they settle with the effect of removing suspensions of 70%, and the initial concentration of suspended solids decreases from 842 to 250 mg / l. Sludge in the amount of 58 kg / day at a moisture content of 95%, volume of about 1.2 m ³ / day is pumped by a pump (9) (Fig. 2) into superheaters (8) with a volume of 80 m ³ (2 pipes with bottoms with a diameter of 2.5 m and a height of 5 m). The volume was found on the basis of the permissible load (see [1], Table 34) on the superheater at a temperature in the hangar (3) at the level of 15 ° C (W _day = 0.015W _year ). Flasters (8) are standing on the floor of the hangar with their bottoms, so nadil water from them flows by gravity into flow averagers when new portions of sediment displace it. And it is formed because the humidity of the precipitate is reduced to 90% and there is a decay of 40% of the ash-free substance of the precipitate. The total length of all tanks made of pipes with a diameter of 2.5 m is 30 m, which ensures the cost of the treatment plant no more than half the cost of the installation of the prototype [2] together with the equipment, and the energy consumption of the new treatment plant is 3 times less than the prototype.

Thus, the objectives of the invention are solved and implemented on a specific object with an economic and environmental effect.

Information sources

1. SNiP 2.04.03-85. Sewerage. External networks and facilities. Gosstroy of the USSR. M .: TsITP Gosstroy of the USSR, 1986, p. 28, 29.

2. RF patent №2339588. The method of deep wastewater treatment. Publ. 11.27.08 Proprietor N.I. Kulikov.

3. N.I. Kulikov et al. Biological water treatment (theory and practice). Sochi, Doria Publishing House, 2013, 289 pp.

4. N.I. Kulikov et al. Municipal wastewater treatment with water reuse and sludge treatment. M .: Logos, 2015, 400 p.

Claims (1)

A method for the deep treatment of municipal wastewater, including averaging costs to an average hourly rate, mechanical wastewater treatment in sedimentation tanks, biological treatment in step bioreactors using biocenoses attached to a fiber brush nozzle of microorganisms, wastewater treatment in aerobic bioreactors and waste water treatment precipitation, characterized in that the sedimentation is carried out in a clarifier with a flocculation chamber with natural aeration, sewage sludge from clarifier Itelians are sent to an anaerobic supernatant with a temperature of 15 ° C, and biological treatment is carried out in nitridenitrification bioreactors with biocenoses attached to a brush nozzle made of polyamide superthin fibers, with recirculation of purified water from the second nitrification stage to the denitrification stage, regeneration water from bioreactors and cost averager together with superficial water of superheaters, purified water after disinfection is served for the technical needs of the sewer .

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