RU2613907C2 - Method for monitoring soil parameters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measuring equipment.

SUBSTANCE: soil temperature sensors are placed to assess the soil temperature condition in permafrost, clay, rocky and stony soils, at different depths with a certain step in the target boreholes drilled in permafrost, clay, rocky and stony soils without washing, and with their subsequent backfilling, the information about the soil temperature measured by each sensor is recorded, and the information from the sensors is transmitted to the database on the remote server. A building powerful punch is used in the production of wells for placing the soil temperature sensors by the drill rod drive, the drill rod, to achieve the desired depth, is increased by standard extensions and detachable sleeves as far as the drill progresses into the borehole, and dry sludge is periodically removed with the industrial vacuum cleaner, which is equipped with a rigid rubber hose, and each sludge portion is warehoused separately from each other.

EFFECT: invention allows to use the equipment suitable to be transferred to any hard-to-reach terrestrial surface by the employees.

3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of ecology and is intended to assess the state of a certain number of soil parameters, permafrost, clay, rocky and rocky soils, such as humidity, temperature, conductivity.

A known method for wireless monitoring of soil moisture by the CaipoBase weather station of the Austrian company Caipos, according to which the sensors should be installed in boreholes, followed by backfilling them with soil, http://www.caipos.com/products/caipobase/.

There is a method of temperature monitoring of permafrost soils, according to which logger sensors should be installed in boreholes with casing in the upper part of the annual layer of heat circulation, followed by backfilling with soil / 1, 2, 3 /. For placement of soil sensors, engineering-geological wells and target thermometric wells are drilled without flushing at low speeds, for example, with the PBU-000 Openok drilling rig or the Motobur-M10 manual drilling kit, which is manufactured by Machine-Building Plant named after V.V. Thieves', Yekaterinburg. The latter is used for drilling wells up to 10 m deep (70 mm in diameter) for engineering and geological surveys. At the motor drill, feed is carried out manually (served by two operators). The drill tool is equipped with handles that have shock absorbers and a stand.

The main disadvantage of the known method for monitoring soil parameters is the high cost of special equipment for drilling wells (250,000 rubles for Motobur-M10 in 2015 prices), significant weight, requiring the participation of two people and a car to deliver it to the place of work, and as a result, the impossibility of monitoring soils in hard-to-reach places where equipment cannot be delivered without a car.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to reduce the cost of research, eliminate the need for expensive drilling equipment, reduce the number of workers needed to perform technological operations when drilling engineering-geological and target thermometric wells in permafrost, clay, rocky and rocky soils.

The technical result is increased mobility. When performing technological operations, all equipment is suitable for transfer by workers, which allows it to be delivered to almost any inaccessible point on the earth's surface where the equipment is difficult to deliver by car.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of monitoring the soil consists in monitoring the state of the soil temperature by placing soil temperature sensors at different depths with a certain step in the target wells. Wells are drilled in permafrost, clay, rocky and rocky soils without washing, followed by their filling. Information on the soil temperature measured by each sensor is recorded and information from the sensors is transmitted to a database on a remote server.

Unlike the prototype, in the proposed method, in the manufacture of wells for the placement of soil temperature sensors, the drill rod drive uses a powerful construction puncher. As the drill passes into the well, the drill rod is built up using standard extension cords and split couplings to achieve the required depth. Dry sludge generated during drilling is periodically removed with an industrial vacuum cleaner, which is equipped with a rigid rubber hose. Each portion of the sludge is stored separately from each other and used, after installing sensors in the well, to fill the well, taking into account the depth of the sludge. A construction drill bit is used as a drill rod. The identification number of each temperature sensor, the distance to it, and the depth to which it was lowered into the well are transmitted to the database.

As is known, engineering geological wells with a diameter of not more than 160 mm and target thermometric wells with a diameter of not more than 90 mm, drilled by a core method without flushing at low speeds of the drilling tool, are used to install soil sensors.

The weight of core drills is from 40 to 110 kg. The industry produces core drills, for example, PK60 and PK75. They are identical in design, but differ in power. The rotary hammer has two main assemblies connected by coupling bolts - a percussion mechanism and a rotator. The core drill operates under the action of compressed air pressure. Hammers are used only in conjunction with feed devices that provide significant axial load, which, for example, for the PK60 hammer drill, is up to 700 daN.

The use of core perforators, in addition to the feed device, requires involvement in remote areas where it is necessary to monitor the soil, additional equipment (compressed air source, spacer columns or racks). It requires the participation of specially trained specialists working with these punchers who have permission to work on them.

Table 1 shows the basic cost of core drilling. The cost of drilling wells using the core drilling method was calculated taking into account the use of self-propelled, mobile, as well as stationary units, including prices for related works.

A coefficient of 1.05 was applied to the base prices for directional drilling of wells up to 50 meters deep.

The prices for drilling wells shown in the table include the costs of preparing the work site, installing equipment, equipping additional infrastructure, as well as other related activities, direct drilling, installing a benchmark and freeing the site from equipment. Since the filling of geological documentation in our case is not required, the following factors were applied to the prices of table 1:

0.55 - for breeds of I, II categories;

0.65 - for categories III and IV;

0.75 for categories V-VII;

0.85 - for categories VIII-X;

0.95 - for the XI categories.

The table in the Appendix shows the categories of rock drillability, based on which the core drilling prices are determined.

The calculation did not include the installation of soil sensors (sensors for soil research) in prepared wells, their filling.

Mobility equipment for drilling wells can be divided into stationary, mobile and mobile increased mobility. Core drill cannot be attributed to equipment of increased mobility.

The use of a core drill for monitoring soil parameters due to its low mobility, high cost and the need to attract specially trained specialists with access to work is impractical, and in some places it is impossible to conduct research.

The class of power hammers over 1.2 kW and weighing more than 8 kg has an impact energy of 13 J or more. They are designed for drilling holes of large diameters (more than 40 mm), forming breaks in concrete panels, crushing stone blocks. Tools of this class are equipped with SDS-max cartridges, which allow the use of thick drills up to 60 mm in diameter. This class was chosen for drilling wells, a hammer drill, which performs the function of a drill rod drive, which is not its direct purpose. Hammers of this class have increased mobility, because 1 person can carry them from place to place, these include the MAKITA AVC HR4011C and Bosch GBH 12-52 D rotary hammers.

The use of construction (household) rotary hammers does not require access to work on them. Directly drilling wells carries 1 person.

During the expedition in Buryatia, two sets were used for drilling and installing temperature sensors designed for drilling permafrost and rocky soils.

Example 1. The described method was used during the expedition in Buryatia. The method was carried out as follows.

To install sensors underground, several wells were drilled manually by a depth of about three meters in permafrost-rocky soil. Dry sludge was periodically removed with an industrial vacuum cleaner, which is equipped with a rigid rubber hose, and each portion of the sludge was stored separately, taking into account the depth of its occurrence, and used it for subsequent backfilling of the well, also taking into account its initial occurrence. For power supply of the puncher and vacuum cleaner, a portable 2 kW petrol power station was used.

The brand of the used vacuum cleaner Bosh Professional GAS 25L SFC, the brand of the used MAKITA AVC HR4011C puncher, the SDSMAX-7 construction drill with a diameter of 40 mm and a set of rods and couplings were used as a drill.

Monitoring of soil parameters was carried out automatically. Measuring the temperature of the soil at different depths with a certain step was carried out using thermocos lowered into the wells. All temperature sensors were connected in parallel to one cable, so it was not necessary to bring an individual cable to each temperature sensor. Temperature sensors made temperature measurements and, using the 1-Wire interface, transferred measurement results to the controller upon request. With the help of the controller, the thermocos is powered, as well as the identification of the number of each temperature sensor, the distance to it, the depth to which it was lowered into the well. The installed soil sensors were filled with separate portions of sludge, taking into account the depth. The data obtained from the sensors using a controller and a GSM modem were transferred to a database on a remote server, which allowed for a wide range of studies.

Example 2. The second set has the following main technical characteristics.

Monitoring of soil parameters was carried out in the same way as in Example 1, in automatic mode. Measuring the temperature of the soil at different depths with a certain step was carried out using thermocos lowered into the wells. All temperature sensors were connected in parallel to one cable, so it was not necessary to bring an individual cable to each temperature sensor. Temperature sensors made temperature measurements and, using the 1-Wire interface, transferred measurement results to the controller upon request. With the help of the controller, the thermocos is powered, as well as the identification of the number of each temperature sensor, the distance to it, the depth to which it was lowered into the well. The installed soil sensors were filled with separate portions of sludge, taking into account the depth. The data obtained from the sensors using a controller and a GSM modem were transferred to a database on a remote server, which allowed for a wide range of studies.

The fact that a powerful hammer drill, for example, MAKITA AVC HR4011C, with which drilling was carried out when installing soil temperature sensors, a standard drill with a SDS-MAX shank, a set of rods and couplings necessary for driving 10 m of soil, as well as a vacuum cleaner, speaks in favor of saving Bosh Professional GAS 25L SFC together cost about 80 thousand rubles.

Preparation of the working site, installation of equipment, equipping of additional infrastructure, as well as carrying out other related works and releasing the site from the equipment is not required. Specially trained specialists are not needed, which indicates the mobility of the method, i.e. members of the research team implementing a method of monitoring soil parameters can move from one workplace to another (including hard-to-reach, in the dense taiga, in a swamp, in the mountains, where a core drill, compressor, and drilling specialists cannot be brought), can replace each other.

The simplest core drill, http: //www.spt-komplekt.m/cat/tovar/ustanovka-almaznogo-sverleniva-ridgid-rb-3w.html, costs 160 thousand rubles. without a drill. A stand to it - another 110 thousand rubles. Drilling operations are permitted by specially trained specialists who have access to drilling. Requires installation of compressed air supply to the punch. Related work required in the calculation of the cost of drilling is required.

The proposed method for monitoring soils does not involve measuring only the temperature of the soil, or precisely the moisture of the soil, or the acidity of the soil, or magnetization, etc. The use of any previously unknown sensors that record the characteristics of soils that need to be installed in the well will allow this method to assess the state of the soil.

The method proposed by us is unique in that the well is drilled with an ordinary construction (household) powerful hammer drill, which performs the function of a drill rod drive. Such a hammer drill is available in almost every house, it is 10 times cheaper than a core drill and three times lighter, and does not require any stops, jacks, frames, columns, supports. Wells for placement of soil sensors (sensors for soil research) are made step by step, as the drill passes into the well, a rod (an ordinary, standard composite rod, which is sold in all tool stores and is inexpensive), to increase the required depth, increase using standard ( extenders and detachable couplings sold in all stores selling tools), and dry sludge is periodically removed with an industrial vacuum cleaner, which is equipped with a hard rubber hose, and each portion of the sludge but they are stored separately from each other and use it for subsequent backfill of the well, taking into account the depth of its occurrence. For reliability of acceleration of the process, a perforator should be chosen upon purchase based on power - the more powerful, the better. A construction (household) hammer drill is not a core drill, not a rock drill, but one that makes holes in the walls.

It is this set of features of a method for monitoring soil parameters that made it possible to solve the problem posed by the authors - reducing the cost of research, eliminating the need for expensive drilling equipment, reducing the number of workers needed to perform technological operations when drilling engineering-geological and target thermometric wells in permafrost, clay rocky and rocky soils.

The present invention does not explicitly follow for a person skilled in the art. Information on the use of a construction (household) perforator for drilling wells, which performs the function of a drill rod drive, was not found in the prior art. The above-mentioned perforators are not used for their intended purpose.

Wells for placement of soil sensors are made step by step, as the drill passes into the well, the rod is built up using standard extension cords and detachable couplings to achieve the required depth, and dry sludge is periodically removed with an industrial vacuum cleaner equipped with a hard rubber hose, and each portion of the sludge is stored separately from each other and use it for subsequent backfilling of the well, taking into account the depth of its occurrence.

Drilling of wells is carried out using a construction (household) perforator, which performs the function of a drill rod drive. As a drill rod use a construction drill.

Benefits:

- drilling of short narrow wells in dry permafrost, clay, rocky and rocky soils in hard to reach places;

- allows you to do without an expensive drilling rig;

- a minimum of widely available equipment and materials is used;

- mobility;

- the absence of soil contamination, which allows the study of the properties of the soil at a given point in an unchanged state.

Since construction punchers and accessories are widely distributed on the market, the cost of equipment for implementing the proposed method is ten times lower than when using drilling rigs.

application

Information sources

1. Methods of temperature monitoring in permafrost soils. D.Yu. Kropachev. OJSC NPP Etalon, I.I. Gavrilov. The permafrost station of the Center of ISSO of JSC Russian Railways, http://www.omsketalon.ru/seminar_2014/pdf/statja_sposobi_monitoringa.pdf.

2. The use of automatic recording devices (loggers) for temperature monitoring of permafrost soils. P.Ya. Konstantinov, A.N. Fedorov, T. Machimura, G. Ivahan, X. Yabuki, J. Yijima, F. Kostar. Journal of the Earth's Cryosphere, 2011, vol. XV, No. 1, p. 23-32. http://www.izdatgeo.ru.

3. The temperature monitoring system of extended objects in permafrost soils. E.V. Amosova, D.Yu. Kropachev (OAO NPP Etalon), D.S. Pazderin (LLC NPO Fundamentstroyarkos).

4. Konstantinov P.Ya. Technique of equipment for observation platforms for temperature monitoring of permafrost soils (scientific reference book). Yakutsk, IMZ SB RAS, 2009, 68 pp.

5. Experience with the use of BBU-000 “Openok”,

http://www.geomash.ru/i_shop/boring_plant/bbu_000_openok_/experience_bbu_000.

Claims (1)

A method for monitoring soil parameters, which consists in monitoring the state of soil temperature by placing soil temperature sensors at different depths with a certain step in target wells drilled in permafrost, clay, rocky and rocky soils without washing, followed by their filling, recording information about the soil temperature measured by each sensor and transmitting information from the sensors to a database on a remote server, characterized in that in the manufacture of wells for placement of the sensor The soil temperature is driven by a drill rod using a powerful construction puncher; as the drill passes into the well, the drill rod is increased using standard extension cords and detachable couplings, and dry sludge is periodically removed with an industrial vacuum cleaner equipped with a rigid rubber hose, each a portion of the sludge is stored separately from each other and used, after installing sensors in the well, to fill the well, taking into account the depth of the sludge, while as a drilling rods use a construction drill.