RU2613684C2 - Automated system for fast charging the asymmetric current batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: automated device for rapid charge batteries asymmetric shocks contains a power unit comprising a first filter unit, the unit regulated power charge-discharge current, the second filter unit, power amplifiers, power connection of the batteries and the control system comprising a control unit connected with display unit, an audio alarm unit of pulse width modulation (PWM) reference unit and the unit charge algorithm analog-digital conversion (ADC), a current flow sensor, the voltage sensor unit. The power unit introduced unit load coupled to the first filter unit and the controllable source of the charge-discharge current RCCB photovoltaic batteries, the diode connected to the first filter unit, and the control system put the voltage sensor unit coupled to the ADC block unit interface by interface SMBus connected to the unit (ISU) of the control module and the control and management, built-in battery, amplifier unit connected to the ADC unit and the current sensor unit, interface unit via the I2C interface connected to the control unit, the input-output unit connected to a personal computer.

EFFECT: provision of stabilizing charge-discharge current.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to devices for accelerated charging of rechargeable batteries (AB) based on converters with pulse-width modulation (PWM).

State of the art

A device is known [patent of the Russian Federation No. 2319275, H02J 7/10, 2006] for automatic accelerated charging of batteries with asymmetric current. This device is designed to charge nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. The device has two charge modes. The first mode - the charge is carried out without preliminary discharge by an asymmetric current with stabilized amplitudes of the charging and discharge currents, the second mode - the charge is carried out by direct current with a preliminary additional discharge. The discharge circuit consists of AB 14, a battery connection unit 11, a filter unit 21, an adjustable charge-discharge current source unit 18 and a capacitor discharge (load) unit 22. The charge circuit consists of an adjustable charge current source unit 17, a filter unit 20, a unit an adjustable source of charge-discharge current 18, a filter 21, a unit for connecting batteries 11 and AB 14. The block of an adjustable source of charge-discharge current 18 is a dual converter. When discharging the battery, the block of an adjustable source of charge-discharge current 18 provides stabilization of the discharge current, the block provides the adjustment characteristic of the boost pulse converter. When charging the battery, the unit of an adjustable source of charge-discharge current 18 serves to

maintaining the level of the charging current in accordance with the charge mode with a sufficient value of the input voltage, the unit provides the adjustment characteristic of only the step-down pulse converter. Block adjustable source of charging current 17 (made according to the scheme of the boost Converter) is used to increase the input voltage, if necessary, to maintain the level of the charging current in accordance with the charge mode.

The disadvantages of this device are as follows:

- to charge a battery with a voltage close to or higher than the supply voltage, a block of an adjustable source of charge current (boost converter) 17 is required, since the block of an adjustable source of charge-discharge current 18 is designed as a step-down converter when charging and does not maintain the level of the charge current in in this case;

- there is no mode that provides a two-stage charge of lithium-ion batteries;

- there is no way to charge the battery with photoelectric;

- there is no communication function with the control and management module (MCU) of the AB through the SMBus interface;

- there is no connection with a personal computer (PC) via USB interface. A device is known [patent of the Russian Federation No. 2318285, H02J 7/10, 2006] for automatic accelerated charging of batteries with asymmetric current. This device is designed to charge nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. The device has two charge modes. The first mode - the charge is carried out without preliminary discharge by an asymmetric current with stabilized amplitudes of the charging and discharge currents, the second mode - the charge is carried out by direct current with a preliminary additional discharge. The discharge circuit consists of AB 14, the connection block AB 11, the filter block 23, the block of the adjustable discharge current source 20, the block of the discharge of capacitors (load) 24. The charge circuit consists of the block of the regulated source of charging current 19,

filter block 20, block of an adjustable source of charging current 18, block of filters 23, block of connecting batteries 11, AB 14. The block of adjustable source of charging current 18 is not a dual pulse converter, therefore, to implement the discharge of AB introduced block adjustable source of discharge current 20. Block adjustable discharge current source 20 is used to maintain the level of discharge current. The unit of an adjustable charging current source (18) serves to maintain the level of the charging current in accordance with the charge mode with a sufficient input voltage, the unit provides an adjustment characteristic of only a step-down pulse converter. The block of an adjustable charging current source (19) serves to increase the input voltage, if necessary, to maintain the level of the charging current in accordance with the charge mode.

The disadvantages of this device are as follows:

- for a battery charge with a voltage close to or higher than the supply voltage, an adjustable charging current source unit (boost converter) 19 is required, because block adjustable source of charging current 18 is schematically designed as a step-down converter and does not provide maintenance of the level of the charging current in this case;

- the unit of the regulated source of charging current 18 does not provide a discharge of the battery (i.e., is not dual), which led to the introduction into the charger (charger) of the unit of the regulated source of discharge current 20 for the discharge of battery;

- there is no mode that provides a two-stage charge of lithium-ion batteries;

- there is no way to charge the battery with photoelectric;

- there is no communication function with the MCU AB via the SMBus interface;

- no connection with PC via USB interface.

Disclosure of invention

The task of the invention is to develop an automated device for accelerated charging of batteries with asymmetric current, providing:

- stabilization of the charge-discharge current due to the use of a dual DC-DC converter having the adjusting characteristic of both the raising and lowering converters during charge and discharge;

- Communication via the SMBus interface with the AB control and management module;

- two-stage charge of lithium-ion batteries;

- USB communication with a personal computer;

- The charge from the photoelectric battery.

The technical result that can be achieved using the invention is to ensure:

- stabilization of the charge-discharge current due to the use of a dual DC-DC converter having the adjusting characteristic of both an increasing and decreasing converter when charging and discharging;

- communication via the SMBus interface with the AB control and management module;

- two-stage charging lithium-ion batteries;

- USB communication with a personal computer;

- charge from a photoelectric battery.

The technical result is achieved through the implementation of the dual DC-DC converter, which has the control characteristic of both an increase and decrease converter when charging and discharging (performed according to the topology - synchronous SEPIC converter), as well as expanding the product’s functionality by introducing an SMBus interface for communication with MKU AB, a two-stage charge of lithium-ion batteries, USB communication with a personal computer, and the operation of the charger from a photovoltaic battery.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows an automated device for accelerated charging of batteries with asymmetric current (block diagram).

The implementation of the invention

In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device. The device includes the power part of the charger (CMS) and the control system of the charger (CMS). The control system consists of a stabilization unit 3 and an input-output unit 5. The stabilization unit consists of a microcontroller (MK) 4 and a voltage sensor unit 15 connected to it, a voltage sensor unit 16, a current sensor unit 17, an indication unit 25, an audible alarm unit 26. Block MK 4 consists of a control unit 24 and connected to it by a PWM block 18, a conjugation block via the SMbus 19 interface, an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) block 20, an amplifier block 21, a charge algorithm task unit 22, and a pairing block via the I2C 23 interface. The input / output unit 5 is connected to computer 6. The MKU 14 is connected to the interface unit via the SMbus interface 19. The supply voltage is supplied to the filter unit 7. The output of the filter unit 7 is connected to the load unit 10 and the unit of the regulated charge-discharge current source 8. The output of the block of the regulated charge-discharge source current 8 is connected to the input of the filter unit 9. The output of the filter unit 9 is connected to the connection unit of the battery and the battery itself. The output of the PWM block 18 is connected to the input of the amplifier block 11, the output of which is connected to the block of an adjustable charge-discharge current source 8.

The device operates as follows.

When the device is turned on, the MK 4 unit initializes the program recorded in the charge algorithm task unit 22, which sets the output signals of the input-output ports to the initial state, controls the input signals of the input-output and ADC ports. The signals from the output of block MK 4 lock the block of amplifiers 11 to prevent the opening of the power elements of the circuit 1 of the control system. The input-output unit 5 is used to display information on an alphanumeric display and control the device. The exchange of information between the input-output unit 5 and the stabilization unit 3 is carried out on the interface 12C. Using input / output unit 5, the operator manually selects the type and mode for nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride or lithium-ion (without built-in MCU with SMBus interface) of the battery. The asymmetric charge mode is provided only for nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. The charge parameters for the selected type of battery are transferred to the stabilization unit 3. The control unit 24 analyzes the received information and selects from the charge algorithm task unit 22 an algorithm corresponding to the charge of this type of battery. When the battery is connected to the MCU, the charger uses the SMBus interface to read data (currents, charge voltage, etc.) and automatically start the charging process. The charge is carried out automatically without operator intervention, all parameters of the charge are set by the battery itself. In the process of charging, the parameters (battery capacity, number of cycles, etc.) read from the MCU of the battery are transferred through the stabilization unit 3 to the input-output unit 5, where they are displayed on an alphanumeric display (ADC). When the battery is connected, the MK 4 photovoltaic unit through the voltage sensor unit 15 determines whether the latter is connected to the charger. The photoelectric battery charge algorithm is implemented according to the principle of finding maximum power by means of short periodic changes in the position of the operating point.

If the charge is specified by an asymmetric current (for nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride AB), the input-output unit 5 provides the parameters of the charge mode to the stabilization unit 3 in accordance with the selected type and mode of charge of the AB. The control unit 24 provides charge control signals to the PWM block 18 and a signal to the display unit 25. The signals from the PWM block 18 to the amplifier block 11 and then to the block of an adjustable charge-discharge current source 8 set the amplitudes and durations of the charge and discharge pulses according to selected type of battery. The block of an adjustable source of charge-discharge current 8 is dual, i.e. provides current flow in two directions - charging or discharge. When a discharge pulse is formed, energy is accumulated in the input capacitors of the filter unit, and then it is used to form a charge pulse, i.e. energy recovery is carried out. The amplitudes of the charging and discharge pulses are controlled using signals from the current sensor block 17 to the amplifier block 21 and then to the ADC block 20. During the charge, the voltage of the battery is monitored, the signal from the battery through the voltage sensor block 16 is sent to the ADC block 20. At the end of the charging process, the control unit 24 stops supplying control signals to the PWM unit 18, at the outputs of which levels are set that lock the unit of the adjustable charge-discharge current source 8, the battery is disconnected from the charging circuit. The control unit 24 provides a signal to the display units 25, an audible alarm 26, I / O 5 about the normal completion of the charging process.

If the accelerated mode (for nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride AB) is set for direct current charging, then the charging algorithm corresponds to the above, but during the charging process, the unit of the regulated charge-discharge current source generates only the charging current.

If the standard mode (for nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride AB) of a constant current charge is set, the control unit 24 provides discharge control signals to the PWM unit 18 and glow signals to the display unit 25. The signal from the PWM unit 18 arrives at the amplifier unit 11 and Further, on the block of an adjustable source of charge-discharge current 8, sets the amplitude of the discharge current according to the selected type of battery. The amplitude of the discharge current is controlled by a signal from the current sensor unit 17 to the ADC unit 20. The discharge energy is extinguished in the load unit 10, which is a resistor and a key. During the discharge, in accordance with the algorithm, the voltage of the battery is monitored. Upon reaching the final discharge voltage, the control unit 24 stops supplying control signals to the PWM unit 18, at the output of which a level is established that locks the adjustable source of charge-discharge current 8. The control unit 24 then provides charge control signals to the PWM unit 18. Signals from block PWM 18 on the block of amplifiers 11 and then on the block of an adjustable source of charge-discharge current 8, set the amplitude of the charging current according to the selected type of AB. The amplitude of the charging current is controlled using the signal from the current sensor block 17 to the amplifier block 21 and then to the ADC unit 20. During the charge, the voltage of the battery is monitored, the signal from the battery through the voltage sensor block 16 is sent to the ADC unit 20. At the end of the charging process the control unit 24 stops the supply of control signals to the PWM unit 18, at the outputs of which levels are set that lock the unit of the adjustable charge-discharge current source 8, the battery is disconnected from the charging circuit. The control unit 24 provides a signal to the display units 25, an audible alarm 26, I / O 5 about the normal completion of the charging process.

If the accelerated charge mode is set for a lithium-ion battery (without a built-in MCU with SMBus interface), the control unit 24 provides charge control signals to the PWM unit 18 and glow signals to the display unit 25. The charge passes in the combined mode: first, at constant current to voltage 4.2 V / cell, then at constant voltage. The signal from the PWM block 18 to the amplifier block 11 and then to the block of an adjustable source of charge-discharge current 8 sets the amplitude of the charging current according to the selected type of battery. The amplitude of the charging current is controlled using the signal from the current sensor block 17 to the amplifier block 21 and then to the ADC unit 20. During the charge, the voltage of the battery is monitored, the signal from the battery through the voltage sensor block 16 is sent to the ADC unit 20. When voltage 4 is reached , 2 V / element, the block of an adjustable source of charge-discharge current 8 goes into voltage stabilization mode. The charge process continues with a decreasing current. At the end of the charging process (it stops when the minimum current value is reached, it is set in accordance with the selected type of battery), the control unit 24 stops supplying control signals to the PWM 18, at the outputs of which levels are set that lock the block of the adjustable charge-discharge current source 8, the battery is turned off from the charging circuit. The control unit 24 provides a signal to the display units 25, an audible alarm 26, I / O 5 about the normal completion of the charging process.

When connecting a lithium-ion battery (with built-in MCU with SMbus interface), the interface unit on the SMbus 19 interface reads information from the MCU. The unit for setting the charge algorithm 22 forms a mode in accordance with the parameters read from the MCU AB. The charge is carried out automatically. The parameters read from the MCU AB are transferred to the input-output block, where they are displayed on the ADC block. The charge process is similar to that described above for lithium-ion AB.

If a photoelectric battery is connected, a signal from the input of the voltage sensor unit 15 is received at the input of the control unit 24, indicating the presence of a photoelectric battery. For all types of batteries, only the accelerated charge mode with direct current can be selected. The control unit 24 provides charge control signals to the PWM block 18 and glow signals to the display unit 25. The signal from the PWM block 18 to the amplifier block 17 and then to the block of an adjustable charge-discharge current source 8 sets the amplitude of the charging current according to the selected type of battery . In the event of a lack of energy, a charge algorithm is implemented according to the principle of finding maximum power by means of short periodic changes in the position of the operating point. In case of insufficient illumination of the photoelectric battery, the charge current is not stabilized. During the charge, the voltage of the battery is monitored, the signal from the battery through the voltage sensor block 16 is fed to the ADC unit 20. At the end of the charging process, the control unit 24 stops supplying control signals to the PWM block 18, at the outputs of which levels blocking the block of the regulated charge-discharge current source are set , the battery disconnects from the charging circuit. The control unit 24 provides a signal to the display units 25, an audible alarm, I / O on the normal completion of the charging process.

Keeping in the power part of the charging device (SCZU) a block of an adjustable source of charge-discharge current, built on the principle of a dual converter and having the adjustment characteristic of both an increasing and decreasing converter when charging and discharging, eliminates the simultaneous use of several converters that can only work as an increasing or lowering, which leads to a decrease in weight, size and cost.

The introduction of the SMBus interface unit provides automatic charging of lithium-ion batteries (in the presence of MCUs with the SMBus interface). When new batteries with a similar interface appear, it will not be necessary to reprogram and reconfigure the charger, since all the charge parameters are contained in the battery management center, the charger considers the parameters via the SMBus interface and sets the battery to charge.

The introduction of a charge algorithm in the system according to the principle of searching for the maximum power point made it possible to ensure the battery charge from a photoelectric battery.

The introduction of the USB interface unit allowed the memory to interact with the PC. Data on the battery (charge / discharge voltage graphs, data from the MCU of the battery, etc.) can be stored on a PC in a database for subsequent analysis.

Claims (1)

An automated device for accelerated charging of batteries with an asymmetric current, comprising a power unit including a first filter unit, an adjustable charge-discharge current source unit, a second filter unit, an amplifier unit, a battery connection unit, and a control system including a control unit connected to the unit indications, an audible alarm unit, a pulse width modulation (PWM) unit, a charge algorithm task unit and an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) unit, the sensor unit then ka, voltage sensor unit, characterized in that a load unit connected to the first filter unit and an adjustable charge-discharge current source unit, a photoelectric battery connection terminal, a diode connected to the first filter unit, and a control system are introduced into the power section a voltage sensor unit connected to the ADC unit, an SMbus interface interface unit connected to the control unit and a control and management module (MCU) integrated in the battery, an amplifier unit connected to the ADC unit and Locke current sensor interface unit through interface I2C, is connected to a control unit, an input-output unit connected with a personal computer.

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