RU2613071C1 - N,n'-substituted 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes, pharmaceutical compositions based thereon and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to N,N'-substituted 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes of general formula (1)

1, possessing properties of positive modulators of AMPA receptor activity, as well as to a pharmaceutical composition based thereon, use thereof in preventing and treating diseases of nervous system, in particular, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, loss of memory, etc. In general formula (1) E is a carbonyl group, -CH₂-group; R₁ is lower alkyl; R₂ together is selected from groups corresponding to general formulae (1.1a), (1.2a):

(1.1a),

(1.2a), R₈ is H, lower alkyl; R₅, R₅', R₆, R₆', R₇ and R₇' can be identical or different and each independently denotes H, lower alkyl; R₃ and R₃', R₄ and R₄' denote H.

EFFECT: prevention and treatment of diseases of nervous system, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, loss of memory, etc.

11 cl, 8 tbl, 18 ex

Description

This invention relates to new N, N'-substituted 3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonans having allosteric modulation of AMPA receptors that can be used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington’s chorea , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Nyman-Peak disease, epilepsy and epileptic status diseases, schizophrenia diseases, bipolar disorder, twilight consciousness, migraine headaches, intellectual-mnestic disorders, cerebral hypoxia, cerebral ischemia (including sult) and other diseases of the nervous system. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and their use for the treatment of the above diseases.

AMPA receptor (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor, AMPAR) is an ionotropic glutamate receptor that transmits fast excitatory signals at the synapses of the vertebral nervous system. AMPA receptors are found in almost all brain structures.

The glutamatergic system, which includes AMPA receptors, is the main excitatory neurotransmitter system in the brain of mammals, including humans, and is involved in the implementation of a series of physiological and pathological processes. It is known that a wide range of psycho-neurological diseases, such as PD, AD and similar neurodegenerative disorders, is associated with a dysregulation of these processes [Doble A. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1999, V. 81, N3, pp. 163-221; Kew J.N.C., Kemp J.A. Psychopharmacology 2005. V. 179. P. 4-29; O'Neill M.J., Witkin J.M. Curr. Drug. Targets. 2007. V. 8. pp. 603-620].

Н., Egebjerg J., Nielsen Е. et al., J. Med. Chem., 2000, V. 43, №14, p. 2609-2626; Danysz W. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2002, V. 3, p. 1062-1066].AMPA receptors are not evenly distributed in the brain. A high concentration of these receptors was found in the surface layers of the new cortex (neocortex) and in the hippocampus [Monaghan, Brain Res., 1984, V. 324, pp. 160-164; Hollmann M., Hienemann S. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 1994. V. 17. P. 31-108; Stephen F.T., Lonnie PW Pharmacol Rev. V. 2010. 62. P. 405-496]. Studies on animals and humans have shown that these structures mainly provide sensorimotor processes and are a matrix for highly behavioral reactions. Thus, due to AMPA receptors, signals are transmitted in the brain neural networks responsible for the totality of cognitive processes [

H., Egebjerg J., Nielsen E. et al., J. Med. Chem., 2000, V. 43, No. 14, p. 2609-2626; Danysz W. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2002, V. 3, p. 1062-1066].

For the reasons stated above, drugs that enhance the functioning of AMPA receptors are involved in the regulation of processes that form memory, as well as processes responsible for the restoration of nerve cells. In experiments it was shown [Arai, Brain Res., 1992, V. 598, pp. 173-184; Murray T.K., Whalley K.J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther, 2003, V. 306, p. 752-762 .; Lynch G., Gall C.M. Trends Neurosci., 2006, V. 29, p. 554-562.] That amplification of AMPA - mediated synaptic response increases the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). LTP is an increase in the strength of synaptic contacts that accompanies the constant physiological activity in the brain that is typical during learning processes. Substances that enhance the functioning of AMPA receptors contribute to the induction of LTP [Granger, Synapse, 1993, V. 15, pp. 326-329; Arai, Brain Res., V. 638, pp. 343-346; Bleakman D., Alt A., Witkin J.M. CNS, Neurol. Disord Drug Targets, 2004, V. 6. p. 117-126; O'Neill M.J., Bleakman D. CNS, Neurol. Disord Drug Targets, 2004, V. 3. p. 181-194].

There is much evidence that LTP is the physiological basis of memory. For example, substances that block LTP interfere with memory mechanisms in animals and humans [Cerro, Neuroscience, 1992, V. 46, pp. 1-6].

It was found experimentally that the intense ion current caused by the action of such allosteric modulators on AMPA receptors, followed by depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, triggers the expression mechanism of the genes responsible for the synthesis of neurotropins NGF (nerve growth factor) and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) - growth factors of nerve tissue. [Legutko B., Neuropharmacology, 2001, V. 40, pp. 1019-1027; Ebadi, Neurochemistry International, 2000, V. 30, pp. 347-374; Lauterborn J.C., Lynch G.J., Neurosci., 2000, V. 20, p. 8-21; Dicou E., Rangon C.M. Brain Res., 2003, V. 970, p. 221-225]. The process of expression of the genes responsible for the synthesis of neurotropin is of great importance in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and other neuropsychiatric diseases. This has been shown [Siuciak, Brain Research, 1994, V. 633, pp. 326-330] that BDNF has an antidepressant effect in behavioral patterns of despair and reduces the concentration of glucose in the blood in mice with diabetes [Ono, J. Biochem. and Bioph. Res. Commun., 1997, Vol. 238, pp. 633-637].

At the moment, there are many compounds that activate AMPA receptors, for example, Aniracetam [Ito, J. Physiol., 1990, V. 424, pp. 533-543]. Aniracetam enhances the synaptic signal at several sites of the hippocampus, without affecting the NMDA-mediated signals [Staubli, 1990, Psychobiology, V. 18, pp. 377-381; Xiao, Hippocampus, 1991, V. 1, pp. 373-380]. Aniracetam has the properties of "quick attack", but it is unsuitable for prolonged use due to the lack of a long-lasting effect, which is a characteristic feature for "behaviorally significant (relevant)" drugs. This medicine works only in large concentrations (0.1 mM) and, as has been shown [Guenzi, J. Chromatogr., 1990, V. 530, pp. 397-406], with peripheral use, it turns into anisoyl-GABA (about 80% of the drug), which no longer has aniracetam-like effects. Unfortunately, in most cases, compounds with neuroprotective activity either act in large doses or have increased toxicity.

A fairly wide class of substances is known that, by their physiological effect, are allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors, which are more stable and more effective than previously known (see, for example, URSULA STAIBLI, Centrally active modulators of glutamate receptors facilitate the induction of long-term potentiation in vivo, Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA, 1994, Vol. 91, pp. 11158-11162, Neurobiology; O'Neill MJ, Murray T.K., Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2004, V. 486, p. 163-174; Lynch G. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2004, V. 4. p. 4-11; Arai AC, Kessler M. Curr. Drug Targ., 2007, V. 8, p. 583-602, WO 2005072345 A2). Heteroaryl substituted diazabicycloalkanes are described in US 20040147505 A1 as cns modulators and in WO 200144243 A2 as cholinergic ligands of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. EA 10298 B1 describes benzofuran derivatives which may have a diazabicyclohexane substituent as 5HT ₆ receptor modulators. These compounds may be useful in treating diseases or disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), diseases or disorders associated with muscles, endocrine diseases or disorders, neurodegenerative diseases or disorders, diseases or disorders associated with inflammation, pain and symptoms caused by cessation abuse of chemicals. Closest to the proposed compounds are N, N'-substituted 3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonanes described in patent RU 2417082 as a means to restore lost memory, and in patent RU 2333211, as modulators AMPA receptors.

The objective of the present invention is to find new effective allosteric AMPA modulators that can be used in diseases or pathologies of the central nervous system. The compounds of the present invention have the ability at various concentrations to induce positive allosteric modulation of the AMPA receptor or antagonistic effect, are stable and low toxic. This gives grounds to consider these compounds, on the one hand, as positive allosteric modulators, with cognitively enhancing properties, and on the other hand, as potential blockers of AMPA receptors at higher concentrations.

The problem is solved by the creation of new derivatives of N, N'-substituted 3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonanes in the form of bases or their salts with pharmacologically acceptable acids. The compounds of the present invention correspond to the general formula (1):

wherein

E represents a carbonyl group, a —CH ₂ group;

R ₁ represents lower alkyl;

R ₂ is selected from the group corresponding to formulas (1.1a), (1.2a):

R8 is H, lower alkyl;

R ₅ , R ₅ ', R ₆ , R ₆ ', R ₇ and R ₇ 'may be the same or different and each independently represents H, lower alkyl;

R ₃ and R ₃ ', R ₄ and R ₄ ' represent N.

As used in the above definitions and the following description, the term “lower alkyl” means a straight or branched chain alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, examples of which are methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl and the like.

The term “alkoxy” means an AlkO— group in which the alkyl moiety is as defined above as an alkyl group. Examples of alkoxy groups include methoxy, butoxy, isopropyloxy and similar groups.

The term "pharmacologically acceptable acids" covers all pharmacologically acceptable acids, as inorganic (for example, hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, etc.); and organic (e.g., formic, acetic, oxalic, citric, tartaric, maleic, succinic, n-toluene-sulfonic acid, methyl sulfuric, etc.).

Among the compounds of formula (1) constituting one of the objects of the present invention, the following groups of compounds are preferred, which can be represented by formulas (1.1), (1.2) below

1.1. N, N'-substituted 3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonanes of the general formula (1.1):

1.2. N, N'-substituted 3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonanes of the general formula (1.2):

in which:

E, R ₁ , R ₃ , R ₃ ', R ₄ , R ₄ ', R ₅ , R ₅ ', R ₆ , R ₆ ', R ₇ , R ₇ 'and R ₈ have the meanings given above for the formula ( one).

The most preferred compound of formula (1.1) (in the form of pharmacologically acceptable salts and / or free bases) is:

3,7-bis (2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one;

3,7-bis (7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one;

3,7-bis (4-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one;

3,7-bis (6-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one.

The most preferred compound of formula 1.2 (in the form of pharmacologically acceptable salts and / or free bases) is:

3,7-bis (3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one;

3,7-bis (7-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one;

3,7-bis (6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one;

3,7-bis (4-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one.

Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition having the property of modulating the activity of AMPA receptors, containing a compound of general formula (1) in an effective amount, and a method of acting on AMPA receptors by administering an effective amount of a compound of general formula 1.

The use of compounds of formula 1 is proposed for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of dementia of various etiologies, including diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (BA), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington’s chorea, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Niman-Peak, epilepsy and epileptic status, schizophrenia , bipolar disorder, twilight consciousness, migraine, intellectual-mnestic disorders, cerebral hypoxia, cerebral ischemia (including stroke) and other diseases of the nervous system

Below the invention is described in more detail using examples of the preparation of specific compounds, but does not limit the claims of the applicant.

The starting reagents are obtained by methods known in the literature and are commercially available.

Scheme for the synthesis of target compounds is presented below:

Scheme 1:

Scheme 2:

in which:

E, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₃ ', R _4, and R ₄ ' are as defined above for formula (1);

Rʺ in the case of scheme (1) represents a halogen or hydroxy group, and in the case of scheme 2, Rʺ represents a halogen.

The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by the data of chemical, spectral analyzes and physicochemical characteristics.

The following examples illustrate but do not limit the invention.

General procedure for the synthesis of the target product:

Method number 1 (scheme 2). To a solution of 0.2 mol of the corresponding dihydrofurancarboxylic acid halide or dihydrochromenocarboxylic acid in absolute acetonitrile or chloroform in the presence of 0.5 mol of dry potassium carbonate, 0.1 mol of compound B was added dropwise with stirring, while a slight heating of the mixture was observed. Intensive mixing of the mixture was continued for 3 hours. After that, the precipitate was filtered off, the solvent was distilled off, and purification was performed using column chromatography.

Method number 2 (scheme 1). To a solution of 0.2 mol of the corresponding acid in absolute acetonitrile in an argon atmosphere, 0.22 mol of CDI (carbonyldiimidazole;) or DCC (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) was added with stirring and cooling in an ice bath. Stirring was carried out on average for 2 hours, after which 0.1 mol of compound A was added to the reaction mixture, stirring was continued (3 hours) until the starting compounds completely disappeared (according to TLC). You can also use the dihydrochloride of compound A in a mixture with DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene), but in most cases this significantly increases the reaction time (up to 10 hours) and leads to a lower yield of the target product.

Method number 3 (scheme 1). To a solution of 0.2 mol of the corresponding acid halide or methyl halide in absolute acetonitrile or chloroform in the presence of 0.5 mol of dry potassium carbonate, 0.1 mol of compound A was added dropwise with stirring. Intensive stirring of the mixture was continued for 1.5 hours. After this, the precipitate was filtered off, the solvent was distilled off, and purification was performed using column chromatography (see description below).

The residue was applied to a silica gel chromatography column. CHCl _{3 was} used as an eluent, then an eluting mixture of CHCl ₃ -EtOH (50: 1). A fraction was selected with R _f = 0.4 in the CHCl ₃ -EtOH system (50: 1). The solvent was distilled off to obtain a clear oil.

The invention is illustrated by examples of specific performance.

Example 1. Obtaining 3,7-bis (2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one (compound 1, corresponding to the general formula 1.1). The method is carried out according to scheme 2, using 2,3-dihydrobenzofurancarboxylic acid chloride and 1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one as starting compounds. The process is carried out in chloroform medium.

1 H-NMR spectrum (CDCl ₃ δ, ppm): 0.91 s. (6H); 2.58 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 2.92 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 3.27 ears from. (4H); 3.84 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 4.51 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 4.63 ears from. (4H); 6.79 d. (2H, J 8.08 Hz); 7.16 d. (2H, J 8.34 Hz); 7.40 p. (2H).

Example 2. 3,7-bis (7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one ( compound 2 corresponding to the General formula 1.1). Prepared analogously to example 1, using as starting compounds 7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl chloride and 1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one.

1 H-NMR spectrum (CDCl ₃ δ, ppm): 0.91 s. (6H); 2.58 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 2.92 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 3.27 ears from. (4H); 3.84 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 3.92 sec (6H); 4.51 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 4.63 ears from. (4H); 7.16 s (2H); 7.40 p. (2H).

Example 3. 3,7-bis (4-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one ( compound 3 corresponding to the General formula 1.1). Receive according to scheme 1 (method 2), using as starting compounds 4-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarboxylic acid and 1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane -9-she. The process is conducted in the presence of a condensing agent CDI.

1 H-NMR spectrum (CDCl ₃ δ, ppm): 0.91 s. (6H); 2.58 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 2.92 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 3.27 ears from. (4H); 3.84 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 4.46 s (6H); 4.58 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 4.63 ears from. (4H); 6.79 d. (2H, J 8.08 Hz); 7.16 d. (2H, J 8.34 Hz).

Example 4. 3,7-bis (6-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one ( compound 4 corresponding to the General formula 1.1). Preparation according to Scheme 1 (method 3) is carried out using 6-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl bromide and 1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane as starting agents -9-one in acetonitrile.

1 H-NMR spectrum (CDCl ₃ δ, ppm): 0.91 s. (6H); 2.58 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 2.92 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 3.27 ears from. (4H); 3.84 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 3.92 sec (6H); 4.51 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 4.63 ears from. (4H); 6.79 s (2H); 7.40 p. (2H).

Example 5. 3,7-bis (3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one (compound 5, corresponding general formula 1.2). Receive according to scheme 1 (method 2), using as starting compounds 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarboxylic acid and 1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one as a condensing agent of DCC

1 H-NMR spectrum (CDCl ₃ δ, ppm): 0.91 s. (6H); 2.58 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 2.92 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 2.16 ears from. (4H); 3.12 ears. from. (4H); 3.84 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 4.51 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 4.27 ears from. (4H); 6.79 d. (2H, J 8.08 Hz); 7.16 s (2H); 7.40 p. (2H).

Example 6. 3,7-bis (7-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one ( compound 6 corresponding to the General formula 1.2). Receive according to scheme 1 (method 3), using as starting agents 7-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl chloride and 1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane- 9-he. The process is conducted in a chloroform medium.

1 H-NMR spectrum (CDCl ₃ δ, ppm): 0.91 s. (6H); 2.58 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 2.92 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 2.16 ears from. (4H); 3.12 ears. from. (4H); 3.84 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 3.73 s. (6H); 4.51 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 4.27 ears from. (4H); 7.16 s (2H); 7.40 p. (2H).

Example 7. 3,7-bis (6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one ( compound 7 corresponding to the General formula 1.2). The process is carried out according to scheme 1 (method 2), using 6-methoxy-3,4-dihadro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonylcarboxylic acid and 1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo as starting compounds [3.3.1] nonan-9-one mixed with DBU.

1 H-NMR spectrum (CDCl ₃ δ, ppm): 0.91 s. (6H); 2.58 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 2.92 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 2.16 ears from. (4H); 3.12 ears. from. (4H); 3.84 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 3.97 p. (6H); 4.51 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 4.27 ears from. (4H); 7.16 s (2H); 7.40 p. (2H).

Example 8. 3,7-bis (4-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one ( compound 8 corresponding to the General formula 1.2). The process is carried out according to scheme 1 (method 3), using 4-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl-carboxylic acid and 1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo as starting compounds [3.3.1] nonan-9-one. The process is carried out in the presence of CDI.

1 H-NMR spectrum (CDCl ₃ δ, ppm): 0.91 s. (6H); 2.58 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 2.92 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 2.16 ears from. (4H); 3.12 ears. from. (4H); 3.84 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 3.96 s. (6H); 4.51 d. (2H, J 12 Hz); 4.27 ears from. (4H); 7.16 s (2H); 7.40 p. (2H).

Compounds of formula 1 are prepared in a similar manner, wherein E is a CH ₂ group using 1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane instead of 1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane -9-she indicated above.

Using as starting products the corresponding 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylmethyl halides instead of the 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarboxylic acid halides, or 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl halides Instead of 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl-carboxylic acid halides, the corresponding compounds of scheme 1 (method 3) are obtained, the corresponding compounds of formula 1 are obtained with groups corresponding to the general formulas 1.3a and 1.4a.

The study of specific cognitive-stimulating, neuroprotective activity and the assessment of potentiating AMPA receptors properties of compounds of general formula 1, allowing them to influence the glutamatergic mediator system of the central nervous system.

The study of the pharmacological activity of the compounds was carried out in experiments using standard methods used to assess the effects of neuropsychotropic drugs according to methodological recommendations (Guidelines for preclinical studies of drugs (Part One. - M. Grif and K, 2012. - 944 s).

Statistical processing was carried out with determination of the average value and standard error of the average value, which, together with n (the number of options in the group) are presented in the final tables. The statistical software package Statistica 6.0 was used (StatSoft, USA, license number: 31415926535897). Differences were defined as statistically significant at a level of p≤0.05. To determine the statistical significance of the differences between the groups, Kruskal-Wallis rank univariate analysis was used. If the differences were significant (P≤0.05), pairwise comparisons were made using the non-parametric criterion U Mann-Whitney, Student, and the alternative form of accounting was analyzed using the χ ² method or Fisher's exact method (Biostat software package).

Example. A study of the biological effect of the compounds of general formula 1, showing the ability of the compounds to modulate the activity of AMPA receptors.

To determine the potentiating effect of the new compounds, kainate-induced transmembrane currents in rat cerebellum Purkinje neurons were used to purposefully search for compounds capable of potentiating AMPA receptor responses and thereby improve memory and cognitive functions.

A method for evaluating the potentiating AMPA receptors properties of compounds that allow them to influence the glutamatergic mediator system of the central nervous system.

Experiments to evaluate the effect of substances on AMPA receptors were performed by the patch-clamp method on freshly isolated Purkinje neurons isolated from rat cerebellums (12-15 days old). A modified method of Kaneda et al., 1988 was used for isolation. Cerebellar sections 400-600 μm thick were placed in a 10 ml thermostatic chamber. The solution for isolation had the following composition (in mM): NaCl 150.0, KCl 5.0, CaCl ₂ 2.0, MgSO ₄ × 7H ₂ O 2.0, HEPES 10.0, glucose 15.0, pH 7.42. Sections were incubated in this solution for 60 minutes, after which the solution was replaced with a similar solution containing pronase (2 mg / ml) and collagenase (1 mg / ml), and incubated for 70 minutes. After washing with the initial solution for 20 minutes, the slices were placed in a Petri dish and mechanically separated using a Pasteur pipette. The solutions were continuously purged with 100% O ₂ at t ° 34 ° C. Purkinje neurons were placed in a 0.6 ml working chamber. The working solution had the composition (in mM): NaCl 150.0, KCl 5.0, CaCl ₂ 2.6, MgSO ₄ × 7H ₂ O 2.0, HEPES 10.0, glucose 15.0, pH 7.36.

Transmembrane currents were caused by the activation of AMPA receptors by application of solutions of the agonist of these receptors, kainic acid (CC), by the method of rapid superfusion. Kainic acid is an agonist of AMPA receptors and is used to study the properties of AMPA receptors, since AMPA itself causes too strong desensitization of receptors and is not used in such experiments. The currents were recorded using borosilicate microelectrodes (resistance 2.5-4.5 mOhm) filled with the following composition (in mm): KCl 120.0, EGTA 11.0, CaCl ₂ 1.0, MgCl ₂ 1.0, HEPES 10.0, ATP 5.0, pH 7.2.

An EPC-9 device (HEKA, Germany) was used for registration. Currents were recorded on a Pentium-4 PC hard drive using the Pulse program, also purchased from HEKA. The results were processed using the Pulsefit program (HEKA).

Application of QC causes transmembrane incoming currents in Purkinje neurons. The addition of compounds of formula I to a perfusion solution causes an increase in the amplitude of currents. This increase depends on the compound, its concentration, the time elapsed after the start of application of the substance.

Example 1. Compound 1 at a dose of 0.00001 μM causes an increase in kainate-induced currents by 50%, at a dose of 0.0001 μM - by 70-80%, at a dose of 0.001 μM - by 80-120%, at a dose of 0.01 μM - by 10-20 %, and at a dose of 0.1 μM - 0-10%). Washing for 4-6 minutes returns the amplitude of the responses to the control value.

Example 2. Compound 2 at a dose of 0.001 μM causes an increase in kainate-induced currents by 10-20%, at a dose of 0.01 μM - by 30-40%, at a dose of 0.1 μM - by 0%, and at a dose of 1 μM - block by - 20-40%. Washing within 3-5 minutes returns the amplitude of the responses to the control value.

Example 3. Compound 3 at a dose of 0.0001 μM causes an increase in kainate-induced currents by 0-20%, at a dose of 0.001 μM, by 10-30%, at a dose of 0.01 μM, by 10-40%, and at a dose of 0.1 μM, by 0-10%. Washing within 3-5 minutes returns the amplitude of the responses to the control value.

Example 4. Compound 4 at a dose of 0.0001 μM causes an increase in kainate-induced currents by 0%, at a dose of 0.001 μM - by 0-10%, at a dose of 0.01 μM - by 10-20%, and at a dose of 0.1 μM - by 0% . Washing within 3-5 minutes returns the amplitude of the responses to the control value.

Example 5. Compound 5 at a dose of 0.0001 μM causes an increase in kainate-induced currents by 0-10%, at a dose of 0.001 μM, by 0-30%, at a dose of 0.01 μM, by 10-30%, and at a dose of 0.1 μM, by 0-20%. Washing within 3-5 minutes returns the amplitude of the responses to the control value.

Example 6. Compound 6 at a dose of 0.0001 μM causes an increase in kainate-induced currents by 0%, at a dose of 0.001 μM - by 0-10%, at a dose of 0.01 μM - by 0-30%, and at a dose of 0.1 μM - by 0- 10%. Washing within 3-5 minutes returns the amplitude of the responses to the control value.

Example 7. Compound 7 at a dose of 0.0001 μM causes an increase in kainate-induced currents by 0%, at a dose of 0.001 μM - by 10-20%, at a dose of 0.01 μM - by 10-40%, and at a dose of 0.1 μM - by 0- 10%. Washing within 3-5 minutes returns the amplitude of the responses to the control value.

Example 8. Compound 8 at a dose of 0.0001 μM causes an increase in kainate-induced currents by 0-10%, at a dose of 0.001 μM, by 20-40%, at a dose of 0.01 μM, by 10-20%, and at a dose of 0.1 μM, by 0-10%. Washing within 3-5 minutes returns the amplitude of the responses to the control value.

The results are presented in table 1.

As can be seen from the presented table 1, the compounds of general formula 1 have the properties of potentiating currents caused by the activation of AMPA receptors. The compounds are superior in activity to the compared substance Memantine by 30000-3000000 times in the potentiation test of AMPA responses, which makes them valuable for use in medicine, especially in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

Example. Study of the specific cognitive-stimulating and neuroprotective activity of compounds of the general formula 1 (in progeartic models (chronic scopolamine model in rats).

It is known that the functional disorders observed in Alzheimer's disease are based on damage to the cholinergic system of the brain, which leads to the development of spatial orientation disorders. With the development of the disease, in addition to memory impairment, there is a neurological deficit - a violation of inter motor skills, coordination of movements, and slow movement develops.

In AD, in the structures of the forebrain there is a decrease in the activity of the main enzyme for the synthesis of acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase, and an increase in the activity of the enzyme that destroys acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase, and, as a result, a decrease in the content of acetylcholine. Also, in AD, there is an active degradation of neurons of the cholinergic system, which is closely associated with a decrease in the number of growth factors in the brain tissues, especially the hippocampus. The transport of such important factors is carried out along neurons of the cholinergic system; therefore, the degradation of these neurons entails the development of a deficiency of growth factors. On the other hand, the lack of growth factors provokes the death of neurons in the cholinergic system. Thus, the lack of growth factors leads to the process of neuronal death, which develops on the principle of positive feedback.

Deficiency of the cholinergic system is the most striking manifestation of the pathogenesis of AD, it occurs at an early stage of the disease and has a clear correlation with the degree of development of dementia. It is the insufficiency of the cholinergic system that determines the deficit of cognitive and behavioral functions in AD. Therefore, cholinomimetic agents that enhance cholinergic neurotransmission, among which acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are most widely used (Barril et al., 2002; Pomponi et al., 1990), are widely used in the treatment of AD. In addition, drugs are used with neuroprotective activity to correct mnemonic disorders in dementia.

Antagonists of the cholinergic system, in particular scopolamine, in the experiment cause memory impairments similar to those observed in AD (Camps, Munos-Torrero, 2002; Voronina, 1994). Therefore, one of the most commonly used experimental models of asthma or accelerated aging are techniques that re-administer scopolamine.

For animal modeling of asthma, the method of chronic administration of scopolamine was used (Yu.V. Burov et al., (1991), T.A. Voronina, R.U. Ostrovskaya, and T.L. Garibova, 2012). The technique is based on the reproduction of cholinergic deficiency, which is one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms of AD development and leads to disruption of mnestic functions.

Modeling cholinergic deficiency in rats by prolonged administration of scopolamine and the study of cognitive functions (training in the conditioned reflex of active avoidance, URAI) and bradykinesia (Pole test)

The following substances were used in the study: 8 test compounds and the anticholinergic scopolamine (Sigma). The experiments were conducted on male Wistar white rats weighing 200-210 at the beginning of the experiment 300-330 at its completion. Experimental animals were obtained from the Central laboratory animal nursery "Pillar", Moscow region. The animals were kept on constant access to feed and water - a complete diet of extruded briquetted feed was used (GOST for feed P 50258-92) and drinking water. The keeping of animals corresponded to the rules of laboratory practice when conducting preclinical studies in the Russian Federation (GOST 351.000.3-96 and 51000.4-96), order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 276 of 06/19/2003. The experiments were carried out from 10 to 16 hours.

The animals were kept in a vivarium at a temperature of 20-22 ° C, at a light regime of 12 hours light / 12 hours darkness, in separate plastic cages with stainless steel trellised lids, with a litter of dust-free wooden shavings of 8 individuals in each cage. 2-3 hours before the introduction of drugs, the animals lost their feed. A solution of the test compounds in 2 doses (0.25 and 0.5 mg / kg) and a control solution (distilled water plus 3 drops of DMSO) were administered to rats at the rate of 0.2 ml per 100 g of animal body weight from 21 to 30 experiment day. Scopolamine (Sigma) was administered intraperitoneally (VNB) daily once a day at a dose of 1.5 mg / kg for 20 days. Then, the test compounds were injected into the rats from 21 to 30 days. URAI training for all rat groups was carried out from the 31st to the 35th day of the experiment, the neurological status using the Pole test was determined from the 36th to the 38th day (Table 2).

URAI research method

The model of bilateral avoidance of negative effects in the shuttle chamber (shuttle box) is a variant of the URAI, which is widely used to evaluate the effect of substances on the learning process.

The study used a shuttle camera (shuttle box) by Ugo Basile (Italy), consisting of two identical compartments measuring 19 × 21 cm with an electrode floor. The compartments were separated by a partition with an opening of 9 cm in diameter and with walls 22 cm high. The duration of the isolated action of the conditioned light and sound signals was 10 s, after which an electric pain reinforcement of 10 s was added. As soon as the rat ran into the next compartment, the stimuli — light, sound, and current — turned off, i.e. the maximum possible duration of conditioned stimuli was 20 s, including 10 s together with electric current. The strength of electric pain stimulation was selected individually for each animal. The threshold current strength was used, causing the motor reaction of the rat (attempt to get rid). The intervals between the combinations were 40 s. Redemption (unconditioned reflex) was considered to be the running of the animal to the neighboring compartment in response to electric shock, and avoidance (conditioned reflex) to the running of the animal into the neighboring compartment after turning on the conditioned light and sound signal before the electric pain stimulus was given. In addition, the number of refusals to perform the reflex was recorded. The training lasted for 5 days at 8 combinations per day. It was considered a learning criterion - 6 avoidance reactions (conditioned reflex) out of 8 presentations (75%). If the animal did not meet the criterion during the entire period of training, then it was considered not trained. The number of animals that reached unconditioned and conditioned reflexes was recorded, the number of failures as a percentage of the total number of rats in the group.

The results of a study of the effect of the test compounds when administered orally on URAI training in rats with cholinergic deficiency

Before starting URAI training, animals from all groups quickly found a hole for a 5-minute period of examining the chamber and spent approximately the same amount of time in both chambers. Then, for each animal individually selected current strength. An indicator of optimal pain irritation was the absence of fading or erratic running and jumping.

The introduction of only water to the rats of the control group during the entire experiment (passive control) in the 1st and 2nd days of training did not reach a single animal in the condition of learning the conditioned reflex of active avoidance, and the number of refusals to complete the reflex was 67 and 50%, respectively ( tab. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), the first and second days of training). On the third day of training in the passive control group, the learning criterion (six conditional reactions out of 8 presentations) reached 25% of the animals with a complete absence of failures. On the 4th and 5th days about 40% of the animals studied the conditioned reflex of active avoidance with minimal refusals to perform reflexes (12%) (Tables 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, the third, fourth and fifth days of training).

In animals of the active control group (to which scopolamine was administered), URAI training was much slower. Thus, over the entire duration of the experiment, the dynamics of reflex formation in these animals lagged behind the dynamics of passive control rats, and on the fifth day of training only 11% of the rats reached the learning criterion for the conditioned reflex of active avoidance (Table 5; 1st – 5th days of training) .

In rats, which were administered the test compounds at a dose of 0.25 mg / kg orally against the background of a deficiency of the cholinergic system, by the fifth day of training, the learning criterion reached 57-77% of animals, while in animals with active control this indicator was only 11%. Moreover, against the background of the studied compounds, starting from the 4th day of training, there were no refusals to fulfill the animals' conditioned reflex of active avoidance (Table 6; 1st – 5th days of training).

The studied compounds at a dose of 0.5 mg / kg when administered to rats orally significantly improved the training of rats with a cholinergic deficiency caused by scopolamine. Positive dynamics was observed starting from the 3rd day of training, and on the 4th and 5th days the learning criteria were reached, respectively, 56% and 67-77% of rats with a complete absence of refusals to perform the reflex (Table 5).

As a result of the studies, it was shown that the studied compounds at doses of 0.25 mg / kg and 0.5 mg / kg have pronounced positive effects in rats with a deficiency of the cholinergic system, correcting learning and memory impairments caused by the long-term administration of the anticholinergic scopolamine. The effect of the substance was characterized by the development of unconditioned reactions in the early stages of URAI formation, which were replaced by an increase in the number of conditioned reflex avoidances in the shuttle chamber, especially on the 4th and 5th days of training. Toward the end of the experiment (4th and 5th days), the rat indices in the groups to which the test compounds were administered exceeded the passive control animals receiving water, both in the number of avoidance reactions and in the number of animals that reached the learning criterion. Against the background of the studied compounds in animals, when performing a reflex, there were significantly fewer refusals to perform adequate reactions compared with the active control with cholinergic deficiency. This suggests that the proposed compounds, when administered orally, can optimize the learning process, regardless of the impact of pathological factors. The most effective dose was 0.5 mg / kg of the studied compounds.

Method for the study of neurological disorders

To study neuropsychiatric status and neurological disorders in rats, the Pole-test method (Ogawa N, Hirose Y, Ohara S, Ono T, Watanabe YA simple quantitative bradykinesia test in MPTP-treated mice. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol: V. 50, No. 3, P. 435-441; 1985). The rat was placed on top of a metal rod (1 m high and 3 cm in diameter, wrapped in a bandage with a cork knob with a diameter of 5 cm) upside down, and the time necessary for the animal to orient itself was measured - turning head down (t-turn) and lowering down the rod ( t-descent). The rod is attached to the base, which is installed in the "home" box of the rat. Animals with neurological impairment require much more time for proper orientation in space and descent. Before testing, rats were trained for 2 days (presenting 3 samples per day). On the day of testing, one landing was performed on the top of the rod. If the rat fell from the rod or was unable to descend in one (or more) attempts, then they used the longest time obtained from other attempts.

The results of a study of the effect of the test compounds when administered orally on bradykinesia in rats with cholinergic deficiency

The neuroprotective effect of the studied compounds was studied in experiments on rats with cholinergic deficiency caused by prolonged administration of scopolamine using the Pole test. We determined the degree of violation of the neurological status, characterized by bradykinesia - an increase in the time of rotation of the head and descent from the pole at the time of rat’s landing on its top.

It was found that in rats of the active control group against the background of cholinergic deficiency (scopolamine) compared with the passive control (water), there was a significant increase in the time required to perform the reflex of turning the head and lowering the animal from the pole, that is, bradykinesia was observed (Table 8). The studied compounds at a dose of 0.5 mg / kg when administered orally to animals with cholinergic deficiency contributed to a decrease in the Pole test time for both indicators to the level of indicators in the passive control group of rats (Table 8). At a dose of 0.25 mg / kg, the proposed compounds provided a decrease in the time of descent from the pole, but these results were not statistically significant (Table 8).

An experimental study of the proposed compounds revealed its ability to significantly attenuate memory impairment in animals with cholinergic deficiency caused by prolonged administration of the anticholinergic scopolamine. The effect of the substance, especially at a dose of 0.5 mg / kg, is characterized by a significant improvement in the production of impaired conditioned avoidance reflex in scopolamine-treated rats in terms of reflex formation rate and the number of trained animals.

The positive cognitive effect of the studied compounds is combined with the neuroprotective effect revealed by the Pole test in rats with cholinergic deficiency, which is characterized by the weakening of bradykinesia in them. The studied compounds at a dose of 0.5 mg / kg when administered orally to animals with cholinergic deficiency reduced the Pole test time for both indicators to the level in the passive control rat group.

Thus, the studied compounds when administered to rats inside have a cognitively positive and neuroprotective effect in experiments on rats with cholinergic deficiency caused by prolonged administration of scopolamine. As is commonly accepted in medicine, the compounds of formula 1 according to the present invention are recommended to be used in the form of compositions, which are also an object of the present invention. The pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is prepared using techniques generally accepted in the art and includes a pharmacologically effective amount of an active agent representing a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (hereinafter referred to as "active compound"), typically from 5 to 30 weight. %, in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary agents, such as carriers, excipients, diluents, binders, disintegrating agents, adsorbents, flavoring agents, flavoring agents. In accordance with known methods, pharmaceutical compositions may be in various liquid or solid forms.

Examples of solid dosage forms include, for example, tablets, pills, gelatine capsules, etc.

Examples of liquid dosage forms for injection and parenteral administration include solutions, emulsions, suspensions, etc.

Compositions, as a rule, are obtained using standard procedures involving the mixing of the active compound with a liquid or finely divided solid carrier.

Compositions according to the invention in the form of tablets contain from 5 to 30% of the active compound and a filler (s) or carrier (s). As such for tablets, the following are used: a) diluents: beet sugar, lactose, glucose, sodium chloride, sorbitol, mannitol, glycol, disubstituted calcium phosphate; b) binders: aluminum magnesium silicate, starch paste, gelatin, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrole and don; c) disintegrants: dextrose, agar, alginic acid or its salts, starch, tween.

EXAMPLE 1

100 mg tablets containing 0.1 mg of compound 2

Compound 2 0.1 mg Lactose 54.9.0 mg Alginic acid 20.0 mg Lemon acid 5.0 mg Tragacanth 20.0 mg

A tablet may be formed by compressing or molding the active ingredient with one or more additional ingredients.

Obtaining pressed tablets is carried out on a special installation. The active ingredient in free form, such as powder or granules, in an amount of 10 g (the amount of substance required to obtain 10,000 tablets) is mixed with a binder - tragacanth (200 g), mixed with a diluent - lactose (590 g), in a mixture loosening agent is added - alginic acid (200 g) and fragrance - citric acid (50 g).

For gelatin capsules, colorants and stabilizers are commonly used. As dyes are used: tetrazine, indigo; as stabilizers can be represented: sodium metabisulfite, sodium benzoate. The proposed gelatin capsules contain from 1 to 20% of the active ingredient.

EXAMPLE 2

500 mg capsules containing 0.5 mg of compound 2

Compound 2 0.5 mg Glycerol 100.0 mg Sugar syrup 339.5 mg Peppermint oil 40.0 mg Sodium Benzoate 10.0 mg Vitamin C 5.0 mg Tetrazine 5.0 mg

5 g of the active substance (compound 2) (the amount required to prepare 10,000 capsules) is ground finely and mixed in a mixer with glycerin (1000 g) and sugar syrup (3490 mg). After stirring, peppermint oil (400 g), sodium benzoate (100 g), ascorbic acid (50 g) and tetrazine (50 g) are added to the mixture. Gelatin capsules are prepared by the drip method. This method allows simultaneous drip dosing of a solution of a medicinal substance and heated gelatinous mass (900 g of gelatin) in chilled paraffin oil. As a result, seamless spherical gelatin capsules are formed, filled with a medicinal mixture, completely ready for use, containing 50 mg of the active substance.

Injectable forms of the composition are preferably isotonic solutions or suspensions. The above forms may be sterilized and contain additives such as preservatives: sodium metabisulfite, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, a mixture of methylparaben and propylparaben; stabilizers: apricot and gum arabic, dextrin, starch paste, methyl cellulose, twin; salts regulating the osmotic pressure (sodium chloride), or buffers. In addition, they may contain other therapeutically useful substances.

EXAMPLE 3

2 ml ampoules containing 1 mg of compound 1

Compound 1 1.0 mg Sodium chloride 0.9% solution 1.6 ml Benzoic acid 10.0 mg Cellulose 10.0 mg Peppermint oil 0.4 ml

For the preparation of injection forms, the active compound 1 (1 g; the amount required for the manufacture of 1000 ampoules) is finely ground and mixed in a mixer with peppermint oil (400 ml), then methyl cellulose (10 g) is added, mixed with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution (1600 ml) and benzoic acid (10 g) is added. The resulting solution is packaged in 2 ml ampoules and steam sterilized for 30 minutes.

A further aspect of the invention provides a method for acting on AMPA receptors by administering an effective amount of a compound of general formula 1.

The dose to be administered of the active ingredient (the compound of formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts) varies depending on many factors, such as the age, gender, weight of the patient, symptoms and severity of the disease, the compound specifically prescribed, the method of administration, the form of the preparation in which active connection is assigned.

Usually, the total prescribed dose is from 0.1 to 40 mg per day. The total dose can be divided into several doses, for example, for taking from 1 to 4 times a day. For oral administration, the range of total doses of the active substance is from 0.1 to 40 mg per day, preferably from 0.1 to 10 mg. For parenteral administration, the prescribed dose range is from 0.5 to 20 mg per day, preferably from 0.5 to 10 mg, and with intravenous injections from 0.05 to 5.0 mg per day, preferably from 0.05 to 2.5 mg. The exact dose can be chosen by the attending physician.

Claims (36)

1. N, N'-substituted 3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonanes by the general formula (1):

wherein: E represents a carbonyl group, a —CH ₂ group; R ₁ represents lower alkyl; R ₂ in the aggregate is selected from the groups corresponding to the general formulas (1.1a), (1.2a):

R ₈ represents H, lower alkyl; R ₅ , R ₅ ', R ₆ , R ₆ ', R ₇ and R ₇ 'may be the same or different and each independently represents H, lower alkyl; R ₃ and R ₃ ', R ₄ and R ₄ ' represent H; in the form of pharmacologically acceptable salts and / or free bases. 2. The compounds according to claim 1, representing N, N'-substituted 3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonanes of the general formula (1.1):

in which: E, R ₁ , R ₃ , R ₃ ', R ₄ , R ₄ ', R ₅ , R ₅ ', R ₆ , R ₆ ' and R ₈ have the meanings defined above for formula 1. 3. The compounds according to claim 1, representing N, N'-substituted 3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonanes of the general formula (1.2):

in which: E, R ₁ , R ₃ , R ₃ ', R ₄ , R ₄ ', R ₅ , R ₅ ', R ₆ , R ₆ ', R ₇ , R ₇ 'and R ₈ are as defined above for formula 1 . 4. The compound according to claim 2, representing: 3,7-bis (2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one; 3,7-bis (7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one; 3,7-bis (4-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one; 3,7-bis (6-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one. 5. The compound according to claim 2, representing: 3,7-bis (3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one; 3,7-bis (7-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one; 3,7-bis (6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one; 3,7-bis (4-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ylcarbonyl) -1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one. 6. Compounds according to claim 1, possessing the property of positive modulation of AMPA receptor activity. 7. A pharmaceutical composition having the property of modulating the activity of AMPA receptors containing a compound of general formula I according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6 in an effective amount and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier or diluent. 8. A method of acting on AMPA receptors by administering an effective amount of a compound according to claim 1. 9. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that the introduction of an effective amount of the compound according to p. 1 is carried out in a dose of from 0.1 to 40 mg per day. 10. The use of compounds according to claim 1 for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases mediated by AMPA receptor activity. 11. The use according to claim 10 for the treatment of dementia of various etiologies, including Alzheimer's disease (BA), Parkinson's disease (BP), Huntington’s chorea, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Niman-Peak, epilepsy and status epilepticus, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, twilight consciousness, migraine, intellectual-mnestic disorders, cerebral hypoxia, cerebral ischemia (including stroke) and other diseases of the nervous system.