RU2612622C1 - Code scale - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to measuring equipment, in particular to analog-to-digital conversion, and can be used in digital angle converters. The device comprises the first information code track made in accordance with the binary sequence symbols with a period length of N = 2l, the second and the third information code tracks made in accordance with the binary sequence symbols 0011, at that, the second information code track is made in accordance with symbols of the binary sequence 0011 N periods, and the third information code track is made in accordance with the symbols of binary sequence 0011 4N periods, two double-input module two adders, l+6 reading elements, the first multiplexer with three inputs, the second multiplexer with l+1 inputs, a decoder with l outputs.

EFFECT: invention provides simplification of the code scale.

6 dwg, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to measuring equipment, in particular to analog-to-digital conversion, and in particular to the code scales of digital angle converters.

At present, and in the future, one of the urgent and technically challenging tasks is the digital measurement of the angular displacements of the moving organs of numerous automatic control systems for various objects. This function is performed by digital angle converters (CPUs).

The development of CPUs - suppliers of primary information is largely due to the widespread use of control computers and various computing devices based on microprocessor and other LSI and VLSI.

In general, this class of products, characterized by great diversity, is presented with a combination of the most diverse and, as a rule, high technical requirements.

An analysis of the literature [1, 2] allows us to note the following advantages for transducers with direct conversion of displacement to code based on reading using spatial coding: the ability to use various physical methods of reading information, high speed, for encoders of angular displacement, high rotation speed of the encoded shaft (600 ... 1000 rpm), high resolution (up to 20 dv. Times), resistance to external destabilizing factors in, the ability to meet various conditions of use, the possibility of movement in the functional conversion code and others. The main element of such transducers, the determining of the most important characteristics is the code scale (CABG).

The elementary section (quantum) of the code track (CD) of the scale is represented, as a rule, by one binary symbol, where the active sections of the scale correspond to single symbols, and passive sections correspond to zero.

Considering that CPUs constructed by the reading method can be implemented on various physical methods of reading information, by active and passive elementary sections of the CD scale, we mean respectively the conductive and non-conductive parts of the scale with the contact method of reading information, transparent and opaque parts of the scale with the photoelectric method information retrieval, the presence of a metal plate and isolation on the sections of the scale with the capacitive method of information retrieval, the presence and absence of magnetic material while the scale portions at electromagnetic data acquisition method, etc.

The code scale for the CPU is known according to patent RU 2497275 C1 dated 10.27.2013, IPC Н03М 1/24, authors: Ozhiganov A.A., Pribytkin P.A., Kanysheva O.P., Pavlov V.V., Shubarev V.A. - [3], containing m information code tracks and n = 2m reading elements, all information code tracks are made in accordance with the symbols of the binary sequence 0011 of length 4, the ith information code track (i = 1, 2, ..., m) made in accordance with the symbols N = 4 ^(i-1) periods of the binary sequence, along each of the information code tracks are two reading elements with an angular step multiple of δ _i = 360 ° / 4 ⁱ , with the exception of 4δ _i , where δ _i the quantum value of the i-th information code track, and δ _m simultaneously the magnitude of the quantum of the code scale, m two-input adders modulo two, the outputs of the first m readout elements located on m information code tracks are connected respectively to the first inputs of m two-input adders modulo two, the second inputs of which are connected respectively to the outputs of the second m readout elements, the outputs m of the first reading elements and the outputs of m two-input adders modulo two in total determine the output bit depth of the code scale.

The advantage of the code scale is that it allows to ensure the universality of its application as a part of devices of control systems and computer equipment that process information in a regular binary code, and the disadvantage is the ambiguity of reading from the scale of code combinations.

The ambiguity of reading information from the CABG, considered in [3], is caused by the fact that reading information from such a scale can occur with errors. This is because the scales are made with certain errors, and the reading elements are set within a certain tolerance. The presence of errors leads to the fact that upon transition from one quantum of the scale to another, i.e. when moving from one code to a neighboring code, reading elements of different digits will not fix this at the same time. The non-simultaneous reading at the boundaries of quanta leads to ambiguity errors, which can in some cases reach significant values [1, 2].

Closest to the technical solution and chosen by the authors for the prototype is the "Code scale" for the CPU according to patent RU 2560782 from 08.20.2015, authors: Rostovsky K.M., Pribytkin P.A., Ozhiganov A.A. - [4], containing m information code tracks made in accordance with the symbols of the binary sequence 0011 of length 4, and the ith information code track (i = 1, 2, ..., m) is made in accordance with the symbols N = 4 ^{(i -1)} periods of a binary sequence, n = 2m of reading elements and m two-input adders modulo two, the outputs of the first and second reading elements placed along the m-th information code track are connected respectively to the first and second input of the m-th two-input adder modulo two, and the output of the mth d two input modulo two inputs and the output of the first readout element located on the m-th information code track are the nth and (n-1) -m outputs of the code scale, (m-1) additional readout elements, (m-1 ) ROM for five inputs and two outputs, along the m-th information code track there are two readout elements with an angular step (1 + 4k) δ _m , for k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., (4 ^m-1 - 1), where δ _m = 360 ° / 4 ^m - value quanta m-th information code the track and simultaneously coded scale quantum value, the first read element m-th information hydrochloric code track arranged exactly at the origin code scale, along the i-th information code the track has three sensing elements with a pitch angle (3δ _m) 4 ^mi-1, where i = m-1, m-2, ..., 2, 1 moreover, the first reading element of the (m-1) th information code track is placed with an offset Δ _m-1 = 0.5δ _m clockwise from the reference point of the code scale, and the first reading elements ix of the information code tracks are offset relative to the origin of the code scale by Δ _i = Δ _{i + 1} + δ _m 4 ^mi-2 , for i = m-2, ..., 2, 1, by clockwise, the outputs of the first, second and third readout elements located along the i-th information code track, where i = m-1, m-2, ..., 2, 1, are connected respectively to the third, fourth and fifth inputs i- th ROM, where i = m-1, m-2, ..., 2, 1, the outputs of the first and second readout elements located along the mth information code track are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the (m-1) th ROM, the first and second outputs of the i-th ROM, where i = m-1, m-2, ..., 2, are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the i-th ROM, where i = m-2, ..., 2, 1 as well as connected respectively Actually, with the first and second inputs of the i-th two-input adder modulo two, where i = m-1, m-2, ..., 2, the first and second outputs of the first ROM are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the first two-input adder modulo two, the outputs of all two-input adders are modulo two, the first outputs of all ROMs, as well as the output of the first readout element located along the mth information code track, are the outputs of the code scale and, in total, determine its output bit width n.

The advantage of the prototype is that it allows the universality of the use of the code scale as part of control systems and computer equipment that process information in the usual binary code, as well as eliminate the ambiguity of reading from the scale of code combinations.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the complexity due to its increased dimensions due to the use of m code tracks in an n - bit code scale and an excessive number of reading elements.

The present invention solves the problem of simplifying the code scale in terms of reducing its overall dimensions by using only three code tracks in the n-bit code scale and fewer reading elements while preserving all the functionality of the prototype.

, вторую и третью информационные кодовые дорожки, выполненные в соответствии с символами двоичной последовательности 0011, причем вторая информационная кодовая дорожка выполнена в соответствии с символами N периодов двоичной последовательности 0011, а третья информационная кодовая дорожка выполнена в соответствии с символами 4N периодов двоичной последовательности 0011, два двухвходовых сумматора по модулю два и

считывающих элементов, первый и второй считывающие элементы размещены вдоль третьей информационной кодовой дорожки с угловым шагом (1+4k)δ, при k=0, 1, 2, 3, …, где

- величина кванта кодовой шкалы, причем первый считывающий элемент установлен точно в начало кодовой шкалы, выходы первого и второго считывающих элементов соединены соответственно с первым и вторым входами первого двухвходового сумматора по модулю два, причем выход первого двухвходового сумматора по модулю два и выход первого считывающего элемента являются соответственно n-м и (n-1)-м выходами кодовой шкалы, а выход второго двухвходового сумматора по модулю два является (n-2)-м выходом кодовой шкалы, где

, третий, четвертый и пятый считывающие элементы размещены вдоль второй информационной кодовой дорожки с угловым шагом 3δ, снабжена первым мультиплексором с тремя входами, соединенными с выходами третьего, четвертого и пятого считывающих элементов, первым и вторым управляющими входами, соединенными соответственно с выходами первого и второго считывающих элементов, с первым и вторым выходами, соединенными соответственно с первым и вторым входами второго двухвходового сумматора по модулю два, причем второй выход первого мультиплексора является (n-3)-м выходом кодовой шкалы, а также вторым мультиплексором с

входами, первым, вторым, третьим и четвертым управляющими входами и

выходами, причем первый и второй управляющие входы соединены соответственно с выходами первого и второго считывающих элементов, а третий и четвертый управляющие входы соединены соответственно с первым и вторым выходами первого мультиплексора, декодером с

выходами, которые являются одновременно 1, 2, …,

выходами кодовой шкалы, и m входами, соединенными соответственно с m выходами второго мультиплексора, а первая информационная кодовая дорожка кодовой шкалы выполнена в соответствии с символами двоичной последовательности де Брейна, вдоль которой с угловым шагом 15δ размещены

считывающих элементов, выходы которых соединены соответственно с

входами второго мультиплексора, первый считывающий элемент первой информационной кодовой дорожки, а также первый считывающий элемент второй информационной кодовой дорожки установлены со смещением относительно начала кодовой шкалы на величину 0,5δ против хода часовой стрелки.To achieve a technical result (the essence of the invention), a code scale containing the first information code track, made in accordance with the symbols of a binary sequence with a period length

, the second and third information code tracks made in accordance with the characters of the binary sequence 0011, the second information code track made in accordance with the characters N of the periods of the binary sequence 0011, and the third information code track made in accordance with the characters 4N of the periods of the binary sequence 0011, two two-input adders modulo two and

reading elements, the first and second reading elements are placed along the third information code track with an angular step (1 + 4k) δ, for k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., where

is the quantum value of the code scale, the first reading element being installed exactly at the beginning of the code scale, the outputs of the first and second reading elements are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the first two-input adder modulo two, and the output of the first two-input adder modulo two and the output of the first reading element are respectively the nth and (n-1) -th outputs of the code scale, and the output of the second two-input adder modulo two is the (n-2) -th output of the code scale, where

, the third, fourth and fifth reading elements are placed along the second information code track with an angular pitch of 3δ, equipped with a first multiplexer with three inputs connected to the outputs of the third, fourth and fifth reading elements, the first and second control inputs connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second sensing elements, with the first and second outputs connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the second two-input adder modulo two, and the second output of the first multiplexer i is the (n-3) -th output of the code scale, as well as the second multiplexer with

entrances, first, second, third and fourth control inputs and

outputs, and the first and second control inputs are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second reading elements, and the third and fourth control inputs are connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the first multiplexer, a decoder with

outputs that are simultaneously 1, 2, ...,

the outputs of the code scale, and m inputs, respectively connected to the m outputs of the second multiplexer, and the first information code track of the code scale is made in accordance with the symbols of the binary de Bruin sequence along which 15δ angular steps are placed

reading elements, the outputs of which are connected respectively to

the inputs of the second multiplexer, the first readout element of the first information code track, and also the first readout element of the second information code track are offset 0.5 cm counterclockwise from the start of the code scale.

New in the invention is:

- supply of the code scale to the decoder, as well as the first and second multiplexers;

- execution of the first information code track of the scale in accordance with the characters of the binary sequence de Bruyne;

считывающих элементов с угловым шагом 15δ;- placement along the first information code track

reading elements with an angular pitch of 15δ;

- setting the first reading element of the first information code track, as well as the first reading element of the second information code track with an offset of 0.5δ from the beginning of the code scale counterclockwise;

- the organization of the relevant relationships between all elements of the code scale.

The combination of essential features in the present invention allowed us to obtain a technical result, namely, to simplify the code scale in terms of reducing its dimensions due to the use of only three code tracks and a smaller number of readout elements in the n-bit code scale, while preserving all the functionality of the prototype.

The invention is new, since the prior art on available sources of information did not reveal analogues with a similar set of features.

The invention is industrially applicable, as it can be used in all areas where high-precision positional determination of the angular position of an object is required using a CPU based on the inventive code scales. Particularly promising is the use of the inventive code scales in photovoltaic CPUs.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a linear scan of a seven-digit code scale, and FIG. 2 - voltage plots taken from the reading elements in the range from zero to 360 ° with a sampling of 0.5δ. In FIG. 3 - photoelectric digital angle converter with the claimed code scale (product of OJSC Avangard PF-DE-18-160). In FIG. 4 - the product of FIG. 3 disassembled. In FIG. 5 is a functional diagram of a two-input adder modulo two. In FIG. 6 is a truth table of a two-input adder modulo two.

The inventive code scale contains a first information code track (CD) - (1), a second information CD (2), a third information CD (3), readout elements (4) ... (12), a first multiplexer with first, second and third inputs, first and second control inputs and first and second outputs (13), a second multiplexer with first, second, third and fourth inputs, first, second, third and fourth control inputs and first, second and third outputs (14), two adders modulo two with the first and second inputs (15) and (16), as well as a decoder with the first, sec second and third inputs and first, second and third outputs (17). In FIG. 3 ... 5 are indicated (18) —the case of the photoelectric digital angle converter with the claimed code scale; (19) - hollow (tubular) shaft of rotation of the moving raster; (20) - diaphragm with a printed raster pattern (fixed raster): (21) - frame (latch) of photodetectors; (22) - electronic board with photodetectors.

Let us explain the option of constructing the code scale shown in FIG. 1, for n = 7 and δ = 360 ° / 2 ⁷ = 360 ° / 128 = 2.8125 °. The code combinations 100010000 and 000000000 are accepted as the reference point of the scale.

Passive sections of the scale (sequence zeros) are left white in the drawing, and active (sequence units) are blackened.

. Способ построения последовательностей де Брейна с различной длиной периода можно найти в доступной литературе, например, в [5]. Последовательность должна быть нанесена на шкалу в виде пассивных (нули последовательности) и активных (единицы последовательности) участков (квантов) информационной КД(1), например, по ходу часовой стрелки, причем на информационную КД(1) шкалы наносится только один период последовательности. В примере размещение СЭ (4), (5), (6) и (7) вдоль информационной КД (1) осуществляется с шагом, равным величине пятнадцати квантов кодовой шкалы δ по ходу часовой стрелки, причем СЭ (4) размещен со смещением относительно начала кодовой шкалы на величину 0,5δ=1,40625° против хода часовой стрелки.In the example, the information CD (1) of the scale is constructed in accordance with the symbols of the binary de Bruin sequence 00011101 with a period length

. A method of constructing de Bruin sequences with different period lengths can be found in the available literature, for example, in [5]. The sequence should be plotted on the scale in the form of passive (sequence zeros) and active (sequence units) sections (quanta) of the information CD (1), for example, clockwise, and only one period of the sequence is applied to the information CD (1) of the scale. In the example, the placement of solar cells (4), (5), (6) and (7) along the information CD (1) is carried out with a step equal to the value of fifteen quanta of the code scale δ clockwise, and the solar cell (4) is placed with an offset relative to the beginning of the code scale by 0.5δ = 1.40625 ° counterclockwise.

In FIG. 1, the second information CD (2) of the scale is constructed in accordance with the symbols of the binary sequence 0011. In this case, the sequence should be applied to the CS in the form of passive (sequence zeros) and active (sequence units) sections (quanta) of the information CD (2), for example, clockwise, moreover, N = 8 periods of the sequence are applied to the information CD (2) of the scale. In the example, the placement of the solar cells (8), (9) and (10) along the information CD (2) is carried out with a step equal to the value of three quanta of the code scale 5 clockwise, and the solar cell (8) is placed with an offset relative to the reference point of the code scale by 0.5δ = 1.40625 ° counterclockwise.

In FIG. 1 third information CD (3) of the scale is constructed in accordance with the symbols of the same binary sequence as the second. In this case, the sequence should be plotted on the CS in the form of passive (sequence zeros) and active (sequence units) sections (quanta) of the information CD (3), for example, clockwise, with 4N = 32 being applied to the information CD (3) of the scale period of sequence. In the example, the placement of FEs (11) and (12) along the information CD (3) is carried out with a step equal to the value of one quantum of the code scale δ clockwise, and FE (11) is placed without offset exactly at the origin of the code scale.

In our example, the total output bit depth of the code scale provided by the first (1), second (2), and third (3) information CDs with the above-described placement of the SC will be equal to 7.

Fixing SE (4) ... (12) sequentially the code combination, when moving the CW cyclically by 0.5δ = 1.40625 °, for example, counterclockwise, we get nine-digit code combinations that correspond to the angular positions of the scale in the range from 0 ° to 360 °.

In the example, to bring the nine-bit code received from the SC into a regular binary code, the first (15) and second (16) adders modulo two with the first and second inputs, the first multiplexer (13) with the first, second and third inputs, the first and second control inputs, as well as first and second outputs, a second multiplexer (14) with first, second, third and fourth inputs, first, second, third and fourth control inputs and first, second and third outputs, as well as a decoder with the first, second and third entrances and first, second and third output (17).

In the table. 1 shows the truth table of the first multiplexer (13).

In the table. 2 shows the truth table of the second multiplexer (14).

In the table. 3 shows the truth table of the decoder (17).

Nine-digit code combinations, as well as code combinations from the outputs of the first and second multiplexers are given in table. 4 (see also FIG. 2). In the last column of the table. Figure 4 shows the required decimal equivalent of the scale output code.

Table analysis 4 shows that in the present invention, the problem of eliminating the ambiguity of reading information from the CABG was solved by forming a uniquely decoded nine-digit code from the Scale. In turn, such a code is formed due to the corresponding (new in comparison with the prototype) placement on the scale of all nine solar cells.

In the table. 5 shows the results of comparing KS in terms of the number of CDs and the required number of SCs for different scale depths (prototype and the present invention) using methods for eliminating the ambiguity of reading from the information scale.

Table analysis 5 shows that in the present invention, the task of simplifying the code scale in terms of reducing its dimensions was achieved by using only three code tracks and a smaller number of reading elements in the n - bit code scale, while maintaining all the functionality of the prototype. Moreover, the gain in the number of code tracks and SE becomes more significant with increasing bit depth. In this example, this problem is solved by using 9 instead of 11 SEs and three instead of four code tracks.

In the present invention, with CD (3) by means of reading elements (11) and (12), as well as from the first and second outputs of the first multiplexer (13), code combinations of the form 00, 01, 11 and 10 are formed, which are a two-digit cyclic code (code Gray).

To ensure the universality of the KS application (as in the prototype) as a part of the devices of control systems and computer technology that process information in the usual binary code, the KS used the first (15) and second (16) two-input adders modulo two. The truth table of the two-input adder modulo two and its functional diagram are shown respectively in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6.

The input of the first (15) adder modulo two receives signals from the solar cells (11) and (12), the input of the second (16) adder modulo two receives signals from the outputs of the first multiplexer (13). At the output of the solar cell (11), at the first output of the first multiplexer (13) and at the outputs of the first (15) and second (16) two-input adders modulo two, the four least significant bits of the scale output code are generated in the usual binary code. Moreover, the least (seventh) bit of the code is formed from the output of the first (15) adder, the sixth bit of the code from the FE (11), the fifth bit from the output of the adder (16), and the fourth bit from the first output of the first multiplexer (13). The first (senior), second and third bits of the scale output code in a regular binary code are generated at the outputs of the decoder (17).

These seven-digit output scale code combinations in the ordinary binary code are given in Table. 6.

Thus, in the present invention, the problem of simplifying the code scale in terms of reducing its dimensions due to the use in the n-digit code scale of only three code tracks and a smaller number of readout elements while maintaining all the functionality of the prototype is solved.

Literature

1. Domrachev V.G., Meiko B.S. Digital angle converters: principles of construction, accuracy theory, control methods. - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1984. 328 p.

2. Photoelectric information converters / L.N. Presnukhin, S.A. Mayorov, I.V. Meskin, V.F. Shanging. Ed. L.N. Presnukhina. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1974.375 s.

3. Code scale. Patent RU 2497275 C1 dated 10.27.2013, IPC Н03М 1/24, authors: Ozhiganov A.A., Pribytkin P.A., Kanysheva O.P., Pavlov V.V., Shubarev V.A.

4. Code scale. Patent RU 2560782 of 08.20.2015, IPC Н03М 1/24, authors: Rostovsky K.M., Pribytkin P.A., Ozhiganov A.A. - prototype.

5. Ozhiganov A.A., Zakharov I.D. The use of de Bruin sequences for constructing pseudo-regular code scales // Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics. - 2012. No. 2 (78). S. 69-74.

Claims (1)

Code scale containing the first information code track, made in accordance with the characters of the binary sequence with the length of the period

, the second and third information code tracks made in accordance with the characters of the binary sequence 0011, the second information code track made in accordance with the characters N of the periods of the binary sequence 0011, and the third information code track made in accordance with the characters 4N of the periods of the binary sequence 0011, two two-input adders modulo two and

reading elements, the first and second reading elements are placed along the third information code track with an angular step (1 + 4k) δ, for k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., where

is the quantum value of the code scale, the first reading element being installed exactly at the beginning of the code scale, the outputs of the first and second reading elements are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the first two-input adder modulo two, and the output of the first two-input adder modulo two and the output of the first reading element are respectively the nth and (n-1) -th outputs of the code scale, and the output of the second two-input adder modulo two is the (n-2) -th output of the code scale, where

, the third, fourth and fifth reading elements are placed along the second information code track with an angular pitch of 3δ, characterized in that the code scale is equipped with a first multiplexer with three inputs connected to the outputs of the third, fourth and fifth reading elements, the first and second control inputs connected respectively, with the outputs of the first and second reading elements, with the first and second outputs connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the second two-input adder modulo two, and w The second output of the first multiplexer is the (n-3) th output of the code scale, as well as the second multiplexer with

entrances, first, second, third and fourth control inputs and

outputs, and the first and second control inputs are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second reading elements, and the third and fourth control inputs are connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the first multiplexer, a decoder with

outputs that are simultaneously 1, 2, ...,

code scale outputs, and

inputs connected respectively to

the outputs of the second multiplexer, and the first information code track of the code scale is made in accordance with the symbols of the binary de Bruin sequence along which 15δ angular steps are placed

reading elements, the outputs of which are connected respectively to

the inputs of the second multiplexer, the first readout element of the first information code track, and also the first readout element of the second information code track are offset 0.5 cm counterclockwise from the start of the code scale.

Images