RU2611579C1 - Method for arrester production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, instrumentation.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the field of gas-discharge technology and can be used for the manufacture of high-voltage gas-discharge devices, such as metal-ceramic fuses for compact pulse accelerators. For the arrester manufacturing method, two intermediate arrester assemblies are assenbled, which include all the arrester parts except the final one with length A_m, where 1≤m≤N, assembly lengths are sized units with actual values of L₁ and L₂, the nominal length A_mnom of the final part are selected based on equality of A_mnom+L₁+L₂-|A_0nom| = 0, where A_0nom - is the nominal length of the electrode gap, the size of each link is positive, provided that the link is increasing the electrode gap A₀ and negative if the link is reducing, the final part with the actual length of A_mact is connected to the intermediate assembly with length L₁, the size L₃=L₁+A_mact is measured, the actual length A_0act of the electrode gap is calculated, which is A_0act=|L₃|-|L₂|, then the final assembly is performed by connection of the final part to the seconf intermediate assembly, and working gas is pumped into the arrester, at that, gas pressure is calculated by the formula P=P_nom×A_0act/A_0nom, where P_nom is the nominal gas pressure.

EFFECT: invention reduces the tolerance on the electrode gap length during manufacture of arrester parts with accuracy of 12-14 qualitet.

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Description

The invention relates to gas-discharge equipment and can be used in the manufacture of high-voltage gas-discharge devices, for example, cermet dischargers for small-sized pulse accelerators.

Dischargers are widely used in accelerator technology for switching high-current high-voltage circuits. Switching arresters (especially those operating in cascade Arkadyev-Marx, Fitch, etc.) generators are subject to the requirements of a small spread in the average breakdown voltage of one arrester relative to another, which can be achieved by using the optimal manufacturing method of arresters.

A known method of manufacturing a spark gap (Patent RU No. 2231161 "A method of manufacturing a spark gap", Zorin AM, published June 20, 2004, IPC H01J 17/02), which consists in assembling electrode assemblies, placing each assembly on a cylinder polished along planes and covering the assembly with a fixing cup with a hole. After that, along the plane of the electrode protruding from the hole of the glass, the electrode cup is deformed until the curvature of the working surface of the electrode is eliminated, then the nodes are soldered into the device body.

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of ensuring the claimed accuracy of the dimensions of the parts (indicated non-flatness of the electrodes is not more than 0.01-0.015 mm). In practice, such accuracy in the manufacture and adjustment of the shape of stamped parts is unattainable due to the elasticity of the material, residual stresses, deformations during soldering, etc. Technological tolerances on the dimensions of stamped parts are 0.1-0.2 mm, which will lead to a total non-parallelism of two electrodes of 0.2-0.4 mm.

Closest to the claimed is a method of manufacturing a spark gap (Kiselev Yu.V., Cherepanov VP Spark gaps. - Moscow: Sovetskoe Radio, 1976. - S. 65-66), according to which the insulator is connected to the insidious body using a covering junction ; the anode is soldered to the end of the small base of the insulator; the cathode assembly is welded by argon-arc welding to the housing. The cathode assembly is a cover, through which an outlet with a plug passes through the hole, and the cathode is soldered on the inside. The lengths of all parts and the interelectrode gap form a multi-link closed dimensional chain, and the length of the interelectrode gap is the closing link of this chain.

The disadvantage of this method is that regardless of the order of assembly of the arrester, the tolerance field for the length of the interelectrode gap is defined as the sum of the tolerances on the lengths of all parts of the arrester (the number of which in the example is seven). To ensure accurate clearances, it is necessary to reduce this amount, which will lead to tightening tolerances on individual parts up to 6-7 quality levels, complicating the manufacturing process and greatly increasing the cost of parts and the entire spark gap.

The objective of the invention was to provide a high-performance method for the manufacture of arresters with good repeatability of the average values of the breakdown voltage.

The technical result is to reduce the tolerance field on the length of the interelectrode gap in the manufacture of parts of the arrester with dimensional accuracy of 12-14 quality.

, где A_0ном - номинальная длина межэлектродного зазора, размер звена положительный, если это звено является увеличивающим межэлектродный зазор A₀, и отрицательный, если звено является уменьшающим, завершающую деталь с фактической длиной A_mфакт соединяют с промежуточным узлом длиной L₁, замеряют размер

, рассчитывают фактическую длину A_0факт межэлектродного зазора, равную

, затем осуществляют окончательную сборку разрядника путем соединения завершающей детали со вторым промежуточным узлом и производят закачку разрядника рабочим газом, причем давление газа рассчитывают по формуле

, где P_ном - номинальное давление газа. The specified technical result is achieved in that, in comparison with the known method of manufacturing arresters, according to which the details of the arrester are connected in such a way that the lengths A ₀ ... A _{N of} all parts and the interelectrode gap form a multi-link closed dimensional chain, where N is the number of parts, length A ₀ the interelectrode gap is the closing link of this circuit, it is new that, first of all, two intermediate nodes of the arrester are assembled, which include all the details of the arrester, except for the final part with the length A _m , g de 1≤m≤N, the lengths of the nodes are dimensional units with the actual values of L ₁ and L ₂ , the nominal value of the length A _{mn of the} final part is chosen based on the equality

where A _0nom is the nominal length of the interelectrode gap, the link size is positive if this link is increasing the interelectrode gap A ₀ , and negative if the link is reducing, the final part with the actual length A _m fact is connected to an intermediate node of length L ₁ , measure the size

, calculate the actual length A _{0 the} interelectrode gap equal to

then the final assembly of the arrester is carried out by connecting the final part to the second intermediate unit and the arrester is injected with working gas, and the gas pressure is calculated by the formula

where P _nom is the nominal gas pressure.

The assembly of two nodes with known actual lengths and the presence of a final part, the length of which is calculated according to the above formula, reduces the tolerance field for the length of the interelectrode gap to only one tolerance on the length of the final part. At the same time, the tolerances for the lengths of all other parts of the spark gap are selected according to 12-14 quality standards only according to the technological requirements for soldering, welding, etc., which significantly reduces the labor costs of manufacturing parts compared to their lengths of 6-7 quality. The time spent on measuring the actual dimensions of the nodes in small-scale, single and experimental production is insignificant and incomparably shorter than the time of manufacture of parts and assembly of the spark gap.

позволяет в качестве завершающей детали использовать любую удобную для данной конструкции разрядника деталь и рассчитать ее длину, при которой обеспечивается требуемая длина межэлектродного зазора.The choice of the nominal value of the length A _{mn the} final part from the equality

allows you to use any part that is convenient for the given design of the arrester as a final part and calculate its length at which the required length of the interelectrode gap is provided.

позволяет компенсировать изменение размеров деталей и узлов разрядника при их деформации после соединения методами пайки и сварки.Correction of working gas pressure by the formula

allows you to compensate for the dimensional changes of parts and components of the spark gap during their deformation after connection by soldering and welding.

Thus, in this invention, the use of these distinctive features leads to the implementation of the specified technical result.

In FIG. 1 shows a compact cermet spark gap and its dimensional chain, where:

1 - flange;

2 - cuff;

3 - insulator;

4 - adapter;

5 - electrode (cathode);

6 - electrode (anode);

7 - a cover;

8 - case;

A ₁ -A ₈ - lengths of parts;

And ₀ is the length of the interelectrode gap.

In FIG. 2 and FIG. Figure 3 shows two options for assembling a spark gap when selecting pos. 8 and pos. 6, respectively, where:

L ₁ is the length of the first node;

L ₂ is the length of the second node;

L ₃ - the size measured before final assembly.

его членами являются:According to FIG. 2, where the body pos. 8, in equality

Its members are:

- A _mnom (A _8nom ) - an increasing link (since with its increase the length of the electrode gap A ₀ grows) with a positive value;

- L ₁ - decreasing (with its increase, the length of the interelectrode gap A ₀ decreases) with a negative value;

- L ₂ - also decreasing with a negative value.

и, соответственно,

.In this case, equality takes the form

and correspondingly,

.

The validity of the obtained equality is illustrated by the figure in FIG. 2, where the size (A _8nom is the length of the casing and, as can be seen from the figure, is equal to the sum of the absolute values of the lengths L ₁ , L _{2 of the} intermediate nodes and the length A _{0nom of the} electrode gap.

In the second example shown in FIG. 3, an assembly option is shown in which the final part is the electrode pos. 6. In this case, the members of the equality are as follows:

- A _mnom (A _6nom ) - a reducing link with a negative value;

- L ₁ - increasing link with a positive value;

- L ₂ - reducing link with a negative value.

, и, соответственно,

, что наглядно подтверждается рисунком на фиг. 3.Equality takes the following form:

, and correspondingly,

, which is clearly confirmed by the figure in FIG. 3.

Thus, the above equality allows us to calculate the length of the final part in the arrester of any design. Moreover, the tolerance on the magnitude of the interelectrode gap will be equal only to the tolerance on the length A _{m of the} final part.

Using the inventive method, a batch of pulsed cermet arresters was manufactured with the design shown in FIG. 1. The diameter of the arresters is 50 mm, the length is 66 mm, the length of the interelectrode gap is 5 mm, the nominal breakdown voltage of the arresters is 200 kV. The number of arresters in the party - 30 pcs.

The assembly of each spark gap was carried out in the following sequence of actions (Fig. 2):

- manufacture of spark gap parts; at the same time, the final part (case pos. 8) was made with an allowance, which subsequently made it possible to refine it according to the calculated nominal length;

- soldering and welding of the cathode assembly, consisting of parts pos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;

- welding of the anode assembly, consisting of parts pos. 6, 7;

- measurements of the lengths of the cathode assembly (L ₁ ) and the anode assembly (L ₂ );

- calculation of the nominal length A _8nom case pos. 8, refinement of the housing;

- welding of the cathode assembly and the housing pos. 8;

- measurement of size L ₃ ;

- calculation of the actual length of the interelectrode gap;

- calculation of the corrected working gas pressure;

- welding of the anode assembly to the housing;

- filling the spark gap with gas and soldering.

In the manufacture of spark gaps of parts with tolerances of 12-14 qualifications, the actual length of the interelectrode gap differed from the nominal by no more than ± 0.1 mm. The average breakdown voltage in the batch was 200 ± 8 kV with a probability of 0.95. The relative error of the breakdown voltages is 4%, which is approximately 2-3 times less than in the device of the prototype.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing a spark gap, according to which the spark gap parts are connected in such a way that the lengths A ₀ ... A _{N of} all the parts and the interelectrode gap form a multi-link closed dimensional chain, where N is the number of parts, the length A _{0 of the} interelectrode gap is the closing link of this chain, characterized in that in the first place, two intermediate nodes of the arrester are assembled, which include all the details of the arrester, except for the final part of a length A _m , where 1≤m≤N, the lengths of the nodes are dimensional units with actual values of L ₁ and L ₂ , the nominal value of the length A _{mn of the} final part is chosen based on the equality

where A _0nom is the nominal length of the interelectrode gap, the size of each link is positive, if the corresponding link is increasing the interelectrode gap A ₀ and negative, if the link is reducing, the final part with the actual length A _m fact is connected to an intermediate node of length L ₁ , measure size L ₃ = L ₁ + A _{m fact} , calculate the actual length A _{0 fact of the} interelectrode gap equal to

, then the final assembly of the spark gap is carried out by connecting the final part to the second intermediate unit and the spark gap is injected with working gas, and the gas pressure is calculated by the formula P = P _nom × A _0fact / A _0nom , where P _nom is the nominal gas pressure.

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