RU2611458C2 - Multimode wrench - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: tools.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to all-mode unidirectional wrenches. Wrench comprises head, ratchet, two pawls (41, 51) and switch. Head comprises cutouts, connected to cavity. Ratchet with teeth is placed in cavity. Pawls (41, 51) are installed in cutouts with possibility of displacement and alternate contact with ratchet teeth. Pawl (51) has pin. On head there is a switch, made with at least one arched groove for directing of part of incoming pin for displacement of pawl (51) from first mode, in which it engages with ratchet teeth, in position of second mode, in which contact with ratchet teeth is impossible. Cutouts are shifted relative to each other by angle of 360°×(M+1/L)/N, where L is integer number, equal to number of cutouts; M is any integer number and N is integer number equal to number of teeth.

EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of convenience in operation with wrench and simultaneous preservation of wrench strength.

13 cl, 8 dwg

Description

Technical field

The object of the invention is a unidirectional wrench, more specifically a multi-mode unidirectional wrench.

State of the art

A unidirectional wrench (or “ratchet wrench”) comprises a head, a ratchet located in the head, and a ratchet dog also located in the head. The head can rotate in the direction of actuation, while bringing the ratchet dog into engagement with the ratchet so that the head rotates the ratchet with the ratchet dog. The head can rotate in the idle direction; however, the ratchet dog does not engage with the ratchet, but slides along it with a bang, without rotating the ratchet.

During operation, the ratchet engages with the component being tightened, for example with a nut. When turning in the operating direction, the head rotates the ratchet by a certain angle, after which the head is turned in the idle direction by the corresponding angle, and then again turned in the operating direction in order to rotate the ratchet. This process is repeated many times, as a result of which the nut is tightened on the screw or screwed onto the screw. Such a one-way wrench is especially useful when working in tight spaces.

The head must be turned in the idle direction by at least a minimum angle before the head can again turn the ratchet in the operating direction. The more teeth the ratchet has, the smaller the aforementioned minimum angle by which to turn the head, i.e. all the more convenient for the operator to work with this unidirectional wrench. For example, if the ratchet contains 36 teeth, then the aforementioned minimum angle is 10 °, but if the number of teeth is 72, then this angle is only 5 °. However, the larger the number of teeth, the smaller their size and, therefore, the lower their strength. It is difficult to make it more convenient to work with a conventional unidirectional wrench without reducing its strength.

To achieve a good compromise between ease of use and durability, the applicant proposed a one-way wrench.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate or at least partially reduce the problems encountered in the prior art.

Disclosure of invention

The main objective of the invention is the creation of a multi-mode unidirectional wrench.

To achieve the above objectives, a multi-mode unidirectional wrench is proposed, comprising a head, ratchet, front dog, at least one rear dog, and a switch. The head contains cutouts that connect to the cavity. Ratchet with teeth placed in the cavity. Dogs are mounted in cutouts with the ability to move and can alternately contact with the teeth of the ratchet. The rear dog contains a pin. A switch is placed on the head, containing at least one arcuate groove into which the pin enters and which serves as a guide for the pin to move the rear dog from the position of the first mode, in which it contacts the ratchet teeth, to the position of the second mode, in which the contact with ratchet teeth is not possible. The cuts are offset relative to each other by an angle defined by the expression 360 ° × (M + 1 / L) / N, in which L is an integer equal to the number of cuts; M is any corresponding integer and N is an integer equal to the number of teeth.

Other objectives, advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent after reading the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a convenient, reinforced, multi-mode and unidirectional wrench according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a perspective view;

in FIG. 2 - the same, but in disassembled form;

in FIG. 3 - the same, but with the cover removed;

in FIG. 4 - same, sectional view;

in FIG. 5 is the same;

in FIG. 6 - the same, but with the cover removed;

in FIG. 7 shows a wrench in a different position than that shown in FIG. 5;

in FIG. 8 is the same as in FIG. 7, but with the cover removed.

The implementation of the invention

In FIG. 1 and 2, a multimode unidirectional wrench 10 is provided, comprising a head 11, a handle 12, a ratchet 30, two dog assemblies 40 and 50, a cover 61 and a switch 70, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. The head 11 is located at the end of the handle 12. It should be noted that there is no clear line of demarcation between the head 11 and the handle 12, since they are made as a single part. The head 11 comprises a wall 13 extending around a flat end 19 and a shallow recess 15.

Further, the head 11 also contains a round cavity 16 made in a flat end 19, a round hole 17 with an annular flange 18 located between the wall of the circular cavity 16 and the hole 14 made in the flat end 19. Shallow recess 15, round cavity 16 and a round hole communicate with each other.

The head 11 also contains two cutouts 20, each of which contains a gap 21, a curved side surface 22, a vertical flat surface 23, a subcut 24, a lower surface 25 and a hole 26. The gap 21 is located between the curved side surface 22 and the vertical flat surface 23. Each the cutout 20 is connected by a gap 21 to the circular cavity 16. Both the curved side surface 22 and the vertical flat surface 23 extend to the lower surface 25. A subcut 24 is made between the curved side surface 22 and the vertical flat surface erhnostyu 23. The hole 26 formed in the bottom surface 25. Further, in the specification, for clarity, one of the recesses 20 will be called the "first cutout 20 ', and the other - the" second notch 20 ".

The ratchet 30 has two axles 33, the teeth 31 and a non-circular hole 32. One of the axes 33 (the "lower axis") extends from the lower edge of the ratchet 30, and the other axis 33 (the "upper axis") extends from the upper edge of the ratchet 30. Teeth 31 are located on the periphery of the central part of the ratchet 30 in a radial direction. A non-circular shaped hole 32 extends axially through the ratchet 30 and its axis 33. A non-circular shaped hole 32 may include a nut or bolt head with a thread that is being operated on.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the non-circular shaped hole 32 may be replaced by a non-circular insert designed to be inserted into the corresponding hole of the tool tip, into which, in turn, a threaded nut or bolt head can be inserted.

The second cutout 20 is offset from the first cutout 20 by an angle θ, the value of which is determined by the following equation:

θ = 360 ° × (M + 1/2) / N;

where N is an integer corresponding to the number of teeth 31, and M is any corresponding integer.

In a preferred embodiment, the key contains thirty-six (36) identical teeth 31. Accordingly, 10 ° is associated with each tooth 31. The angle θ between the first and second cutouts 20 may be, for example, 35 °.

The dog assembly 40 includes a dog 41 and a spring 45. The dog 41 comprises a protrusion 43 extending radially from the axis 42 with an end of a reduced diameter 44.

The dog assembly 50 includes a dog 51 and a spring 55. The dog 51 comprises a protrusion 53 extending radially from the axis 52 with an end of a reduced diameter 54. The dog 51 is identical to the dog 41, except that it contains an additional pin 56 protruding upward from the protrusion 53.

In the lid 61, a round hole 62 and two small holes 63 and 64 are made. In its shape, the lid 61 coincides with the contour of the shallow recess 15.

The switch 70 is an element of a flat shape. The switch 70 comprises a circular hole 71, an arcuate groove 72, two sockets 73 made in the lower surface, and a corrugated element 74 on the upper surface.

The ratchet 30 is placed in the circular cavity 16. The central part of the ratchet 30, on which and around the teeth 31 are made, abuts against the annular flange 18. The lower axis 33 leaves the head 11 through the round hole 17. The annular flange 18 serves as a support for the lower axis 33. The upper axis 33 leaves the head 11 through a shallow recess 15.

Dog 41 and spring 45 are mounted in first cutout 20. Axis 42 is inserted into subcut 24 of first cutout 20. The end of reduced diameter 44 is inserted into hole 26 of first cutout 20, so that dog 41 can pivotally rotate. When this occurs, the spring 45 is compressed between the protrusion 43 and the curved side surface 22 of the first cutout 20. Thus, the spring 45 tends to push the protrusion 43 out of the gap 21 of the first cutout 20 and engage it with at least one of the teeth 31.

A dog 51 and a spring 55 are installed in the second cutout 20. The axis 52 is inserted into the subcutout 24 of the second cutout 20. The end of the reduced diameter 54 is inserted into the hole 26 of the second cutout 20, so that the dog 51 can pivotally rotate. When this occurs, the spring 55 is compressed between the protrusion 53 and the curved side surface 22 of the second cutout 20. Thus, the spring 55 tends to push the protrusion 53 out of the gap 21 of the second cutout 20 and engage it with at least one of the teeth 31. The pin 56 protrudes up from the second cutout 20.

A spring 60 and a ball 65 are installed in the hole 14. The spring 60 is compressed between the ball 65 and the closed end of the hole 14. Thus, the spring 60 tends to push the ball 65 out of the open end of the hole 14.

A cover 61 is mounted on the head 11. The cover 61 is placed in a shallow recess 15 and is limited by the wall 13. The round hole 62 is coaxial with the round cavity 16, which allows the upper axis 33 to exit the cover through the round hole 62. The cover 61 serves as a support for the top axis 33. The small hole 63 is aligned with the second cutout 20, which allows the pin 56 to exit the cover 61 through the small hole 63. The diameter of the small hole 63 is larger than the diameter of the pin 56, so that the pin 56 can move inside the small hole 63. The small hole e 64 is aligned with the hole 14, which allows the ball 65 to exit the cover 61 through the small hole 64.

A switch 70 is mounted on the cover 61. The round hole 71 is coaxial with the round hole 62, which allows the upper axis 33 to protrude from the switch 70 through the round hole 71. A ball 65 is inserted into one of the sockets 73. The upper part of the pin 56 is in the arcuate groove 72.

The retaining ring 34 is engaged with the groove on the upper axis 33. Another retaining ring 35 is engaged with the groove on the lower axis 33. Thus, all elements of the device are fixed.

As shown in FIG. 5 and 6, when the switch 70 is in its first position, the multi-mode unidirectional wrench 10 operates in a slider mode. A ball 65 is inserted into one of the sockets 73, which holds the switch 70 in the first position, and the multimode unidirectional wrench 10 in the shift mode with the possibility of switching.

In the crawl mode, the protrusion 53 of the dog 51 can pivotally rotate while the pin 56 can move in the arcuate groove 72. Thus, the protrusion 53 of the dog 51 can mesh with and engage the teeth 31.

The protrusion 43 of the dog 41 is in contact with the rear side of the tooth 31. The head 11 and the handle 12 are rotated counterclockwise. The head 11 rotates the ratchet 30, as the head 11 pushes the dog 41, and the dog 41 rests against the tooth 31. The protrusion 53 of the dog 51 is in contact with the front side of the other tooth 31.

Then the handle 12 can be rotated in a clockwise direction. The protrusion 43 of the dog 41 slides along the front of the tooth 31, while the protrusion 53 of the dog 51 slides along the front of the other tooth 31.

After turning the head 11 in a clockwise direction, only half the angle θ of one tooth 31, i.e. 5 °, the head 11 can be rotated again counterclockwise so that the protrusion 53 of the dog 51 comes into contact with the rear side of the tooth 31. Thus, the head 11 can rotate the ratchet 30.

The process described above can be repeated to reintroduce the protrusion 43 of the dog 41 with the rear side of the tooth 31 and return the protrusion 53 of the dog 51 to the front of the other tooth 31. Thus, the dogs 41 and 51 are used alternately to rotate the ratchet 30. Idling , i.e. the rotation of the head 11 in a clockwise direction can be very small and amount to only half the angle θ of one tooth 31, i.e. 5 °.

As shown in FIG. 7 and 8, when the switch 70 is in its second position, the multi-mode unidirectional wrench 10 operates in a single tooth move mode. The ball 65 enters the other of the two sockets 73, holding the switch 70 in the second position and forcing the multi-mode unidirectional wrench 10 to work in the mode of movement on one tooth with the possibility of switching.

In the mode of movement on one tooth, the protrusion 53 of the dog 51 cannot be in contact with any of the teeth, since the pin 56 is held by the arcuate groove 72. Only the protrusion 43 of the dog 41 can come into contact with the teeth 31. The protrusion 43 of the dog 41 is in contact with the rear side tooth 31. The head 11 can be rotated in a clockwise direction to rotate the ratchet 30, since the head 11 pushes the dog 41, and the protrusion 43 of the dog 41 presses on the rear side of the tooth 31.

Then the handle 12 can be rotated in a clockwise direction. The protrusion 43 of the dog 41 slides along the front of the tooth 31, while the protrusion 53 of the dog 51 slides along the front of the other tooth 31.

After turning the head 11 in a clockwise direction by only one angle θ of one tooth 31, i.e. 10 °, the head 11 can again be turned counterclockwise so that the protrusion 43 of the dog 41 comes into contact with the rear side of the tooth 31. Thus, the head 11 can rotate the ratchet 30.

The invention has been described in detail using an example of a preferred embodiment. Those skilled in the art will readily be able to obtain various modifications of this preferred embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, the preferred embodiment described above does not limit the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

Claims (13)

1. A multi-mode unidirectional wrench containing a head with a cavity and cutouts communicating with it, ratchet with teeth mounted rotatably in the cavity, dogs (41, 51) made with the possibility of alternate engagement with ratchet pivotally mounted in the corresponding cutout and including a dog (41) and at least one dog (51) containing a pin, and a switch located on the head, made with at least one arcuate groove in which the pin enters and which performs the function of for pin when moving the dog (51) from the position of the first mode, in which the dog (51) is in contact with the teeth of the ratchet, to the position of the second mode, in which the contact of the dog (51) with the teeth of the ratchet is not possible, while the cutouts are shifted relative to each other by the angle defined by the expression 360 ° × (M + 1 / L) / N, where L is an integer equal to the number of cuts, M is any integer and N is an integer equal to the number of teeth. 2. A wrench according to claim 1, wherein the pin is movable along an arcuate groove when the dog (51) clicks along the teeth of the ratchet in a second mode. 3. The wrench according to claim 1, which is equipped with springs, each of which is installed in the corresponding cutout to press the corresponding dog (41, 51) to the ratchet. 4. A wrench according to claim 1, in which a recess is made in the wall of each cut-out, each of the dogs (41, 51) having an axis inserted in the recess of the corresponding cut-out. 5. A wrench according to claim 4, in which a hole is made in the lower surface of each cutout, with the end of the axis of each dog (41, 51) inserted into the hole of the corresponding cutout. 6. A wrench according to claim 4, in which each of the cutouts has a vertical surface located next to the recess and configured to push the protrusion of the corresponding dog (41, 51), which in turn is made to push the ratchet tooth. 7. A wrench according to claim 4, in which each dog (41, 51) is made with a protrusion extending from the axis in the radial direction to engage with the ratchet teeth. 8. The wrench according to claim 7, in which the pin is made protruding from the ledge of the dog (51). 9. The wrench according to claim 1, in which the switch is pivotally connected to the head. 10. The wrench according to claim 1, which contains a cover connected to the head to hold the ratchet inside the head and a switch on the head. 11. The wrench of claim 10, in which the cover is installed between the head and the switch. 12. A wrench according to claim 11, in which a hole is made in the lid, through which a pin passes, which enters the arcuate groove. 13. A wrench according to claim 1, which comprises a handle extending from the head.

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