RU2611170C1 - Piston valveless expasion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: piston valveless expansion engine comprises a cylinder, in the open part of which openings for a compensation of gas leakage from the compression chamber are arranged and communicated with the cooled gas volume. In the cylinder there is a piston mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement by means of the rod for gas compression in the closed end of the cylinder, which is surrounded by the cavity with the pumped cooled liquid. The cylinder length is divided into two insulating compartments.

EFFECT: construction with decreasing heat losses through the cylinder walls, and with improved efficiency of the device.

1 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The proposed solution relates to refrigeration. A device for cooling air or other gases is provided.

The level of technology.

Known piston valveless expanders A.S. No. 322572, 269938, 265903 [1-3], which offer various designs that implement the principles of the inverse thermodynamic cycle to produce cold. In the claimed designs using gas distribution spools, rotating shafts, an attempt was made to eliminate valve distribution, however, they are quite complex both structurally and technologically.

Known piston expanders having a cylinder with a moving piston in it and a forced gas distribution system when the intake and exhaust valves open mechanically under the action of cam mechanisms, the drive of which is connected with the main drive of the piston movement.

Significant disadvantages of these expanders are high structural complexity and low operational reliability due to the large number of movable elements of the gas distribution mechanism. In the other closest design of the piston valveless expander (AS No. 269938) [2], taken as a prototype, an attempt is made to simplify the use of exhaust windows, but an inlet valve is used.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the proposed method for producing cold, the well-known principle of the irreversibility of real thermodynamic processes is used and it is proposed to implement the design of a fairly simple valveless piston expander (Fig. 1).

The expander is represented by a cylinder 2, in the open part of which there are windows 3, they serve to make up for gas leaks from the compression cavity. The open part of the cylinder and the windows communicate with the cooled volume of gas 1. A piston is installed in the cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating movement using the rod 6. The gas is compressed in the closed part of the cylinder adjacent to the stem 6. This closed part of the cylinder is surrounded by a cavity 7 with a pumped cooled liquid. To reduce heat transfer between the heated and cooled parts of the walls, the cylinder is divided in length into two parts by a heat-insulating partition 4. As a result of gas compression due to the movement of the piston 5 in the closed part of the cylinder, its temperature rises and is transferred to the walls of that part of the cylinder that adjoins the rod. The heat transferred to the walls is dissipated into the coolant pumped through the cavity 7. When the piston moves backwards, the gas expands rapidly with a drop in pressure and its temperature drops below that at which the gas began to compress. Reduced gas temperature is perceived by the part of the cylinder that communicates with the cooled volume of gas 1, which, when the piston moves cyclically, leads to a gradual decrease in the temperature of the gas in this volume.

The technical result of this design is to reduce heat loss through the cylinder walls and increase the efficiency of the device.

Information sources

1. Free piston expander. USSR author's certificate No. 322572, IPC ⁶ F24B 9/00, F25B 9/00, F04B 31/00, 01/01/1971.

2. Reciprocating piston expander. USSR author's certificate No. 269938, IPC ⁶ F25B 3/00, F25B 9/00, F25B 9/06, 01/01/1970.

3. Valveless piston expander. USSR author's certificate No. 265903, IPC ⁶ F25B 9/00, F25B 9/06, 01/01/1970.

4. Nashchokin VV Technical thermodynamics and heat transfer. - M.: Higher school., 1980 - 469 p.

Claims (1)

The piston valveless expander contains a cylinder, in the open part of which there are windows for filling gas leaks from the compression cavity and in communication with the cooled gas volume, a piston is also installed in the cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating movement with the help of a rod for gas compression in the closed part of the cylinder surrounded by a cavity with a pumped cooled liquid, characterized in that the cylinder is divided in length into two parts by means of a heat-insulating partition.

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