RU2610053C1 - Male die for grouted piles establishment by pressing method of establishment grouted concrete, reinforced concrete and fibercrete piles by pressing by means of grouted pile establishment with widening, using tremic accessory, male die - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, specifically to foundation engineering, and can be used in piled foundations establishment during construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings and structures of different criticality rating. Male die for grouted piles establishment by means of piles pressing consists of strong hollow body, providing sufficient strength and rigidity, required to take up forces from pressing plant and soil resistance occurring during male die immersion with grouted pile establishment, tremic pipe, moving in strong hollow body and having two identical tremic holes with total area of 100 cm². Below tremic holes tip is rigidly fixed by means of fastening pin, which diameter is larger than tremic pipe diameter, but smaller than strong body diameter in form of drilling bit. Tremic pipe has limiter, due to which tremic pipe is limited in displacement inside strong body and remains in it during execution of works. Male die is made with forced movement of tremic pipe by means of drive or tremic pipe moves along strong body under its own weight.

EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of works execution efficiency and quality, reduced labor intensity, material consumption and power consumption for establishment of grouted concrete, reinforced concrete and fibercrete piles.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to construction, namely to foundation engineering, and can be used for pile foundations in the construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings and structures of various levels of responsibility, by forming in the soil the body of a stuffed concrete, reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete (hereafter stuffed) pile, increased bearing ability, due to the formation of a zone of radially compacted soil around the body of the pile, and also due to the creation (if necessary) of the broadening of the pile.

Known injector, with a lost tip, for fixing water-saturated soils, intended for immersion in the ground by driving or crushing [1]. Diving is carried out to the required depth. Then, around the injector at a distance determined by calculation, the perforated tubular element is immersed in the soil to a depth corresponding to the immersion depth of the injector. After dehydration of the soil fixation zone, the fixation solution is supplied under pressure to the injector. At the same time, partial extraction of the perforated tubular element from the soil begins, which creates a zone with reduced pressure around it. In the process of fixing the lower soil layer, namely the supply of the fixing solution, the injector is gradually removed from the soil. In this case, the lost tip remains in the ground at the mark, and the formed well is filled through the open lower end of the injector with a fixing solution. Thus, a fixed soil zone is formed. The size of the fixation zone is determined by calculation depending on the specific engineering and geological conditions.

The disadvantages of the analogue include the constructive solution of the tip of the injector, which remains in the ground, which excludes its reuse, this also leads to the artificial rise in price of the “running meter” of the fixed base. The presence of open perforated holes in the injector does not exclude the ingress of soil into the future body of the pile, which in turn leads to a decrease in the bearing capacity of the pile.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is a method of arranging arm-transforming concrete cast piles with broadenings in the base of the foundation [2]. This method of arranging reinforcing concrete cast-in-place piles with broadening in weak water-saturated soils involves performing a cylindrical well by rotationally-translational immersion of the reamer to a predetermined depth with the soil being displaced into the near-well space using a reamer and forming a compacted zone of near-well space, followed by filling of the concrete cylindrical well mix, concrete with a class not lower than B 7.5 on aggregate 2-5 mm or 5-10 mm. Thus, a zone of a fixed base is formed in weak water-saturated soils.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively small area of compacted soil, which in turn, due to the design of the racer, does not exclude the collapse of the well in peat and silty water-saturated soils. Moreover, the design of the reamer does not allow the use of heavier concretes with a large aggregate with a particle size of more than 20 mm for fixing the soil, since concrete casting holes have small diameters, which leads to blockage of injection holes.

The aim of the present invention is to reduce labor, material and energy costs for the installation of printed concrete, reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete piles compared with existing technologies.

The present invention is a method of arranging rammed concrete, reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete piles by arranging a rammed pile with a broadening, using a concrete tool, including performing a cylindrical well by immersing the concrete tool to a predetermined depth with the soil being displaced into the near-wellbore space with its help and forming compacted zones of near-wellbore space, filling a cylindrical well with concrete mixture under pressure; characterized in that the immersion and subsequent removal of the concrete casting device - the stamp is carried out by the indentation method, which includes stamping the wells by immersing the stamp to a predetermined depth and then filling the wells with concrete mixture under an overpressure of at least 2 atm, while the shape and cross section of the stuffed pile depends on the depth and number of re-immersions of a stamp by indentation into a freshly laid concrete mixture; and a stamp for pressing piled-in piles, consisting of a strong hollow body that provides sufficient strength and rigidity necessary to absorb the forces from the pressing unit and soil resistance arising during the immersion of the punch during the installation of the printed pile, concrete pipe moving in a hollow, durable casing and having two identical concrete casting holes with a total area of 100 cm ² , below the concrete casting holes, the tip is rigidly fixed with a fixing finger, the diameter of which is larger narrower than the diameter of the concrete pipe, but less than the diameter of the solid body in the form of a drill bit.

The essence of the proposed method is illustrated as follows.

A stamp of the required geometric dimensions (outer diameter, length) is immersed at the design mark by the indentation method. In the process of immersion of the stamp, the soil located in the place of immersion of the stamp is displaced to the sides, thereby compacting the soil in the radial direction in the near-wellbore space. Then, while removing the stamp, under overpressure (more than 2 atmospheres), the well is filled with concrete mixture. Depending on the type of piles (concrete, reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete), the well is not reinforced or reinforced by immersion in a freshly laid concrete mixture of steel (reinforcement, pipe, various profiles) or composite reinforcing cage. The increased bearing capacity of the stuffed pile is achieved by compaction of the soil in the radial direction when the stamp is immersed by the indentation method. During the immersion of the stamp, the entire volume of soil equal to the volume of the stamp immersed in the soil is distributed in the radial direction, while the maximum soil compaction zone will be located as close as possible to the stamp and the compaction zone will be scattered apart from the stamp in the horizontal direction.

A distinctive feature of the proposed method is the immersion of the stamp in the soil at the design level by force indentation with the creation of the necessary effort and the possibility of imparting additional bearing capacity by broadening part of the pile by re-immersing the stamp in the freshly laid concrete mixture and further removing the stamp. Compared with other technologies (continuous hollow auger, bored piles), there are no drilling operations, during the application of which the soil is drilled, it is decompressed and often a larger volume of soil is brought to the surface than is required, in such cases, more concrete mix is consumed when concreting the pile body .

In addition, a distinctive feature of the proposed method is to give the printed pile additional bearing capacity, which consists in creating a broadening of the tip of the pile (or other part of the pile in height). This broadening is achieved due to repeated penetration of the stamp along the freshly laid concrete mix by reverse stroke in the vertical direction. The implementation of this method is possible due to the use of a stamp through which the concrete mixture is supplied, while the stamp has the ability to close the feed through hole of the concrete mixture and can re-drill in the vertical direction at any time.

In FIG. 1 shows the technological process of the device of a stuffed pile with broadening by the method of indentation using a stamp.

The process steps of FIG. one:

a) immersion of the stamp with the displacement of soil in the near-wellbore space, the formation of a compacted zone of the near-wellbore space;

b) the stamp is immersed to a predetermined depth, the soil is displaced into the near-wellbore space;

c) supply through a stamp of concrete mix. Filling the formed well with concrete mixture under overpressure (at least 2 atmospheres) with simultaneous extraction of the stamp to the required height. The concreting process of the well must be continuous until it is completely filled with concrete mix to the top. All this time, the auger should gradually move up without rotation, and in the concrete system the overpressure of the concrete mixture is constantly maintained. When the pressure decreases to a value of less than 0.2 MPa, the auger lift stops until the specified pressure is restored. In the presence of water-saturated soils, the overpressure in the concrete system is established by calculation and, amounting to more than 0.2 MPa, should exceed the pressure of external underground water by 5-10%.

d) creating a broadening of the body of the pile by pressing a stamp into a freshly laid concrete mixture;

e) filling the formed well with concrete mixture under excess pressure (at least 2 atmospheres) while simultaneously removing the stamp to the required height (up to the top of the pile);

f) immersion in a freshly laid concrete mixture of the reinforcing element;

d) the finished stuffed pile made by the indentation method.

The advantages of this method are high productivity, material consumption, improved quality of work. High productivity is achieved through the use of powerful walking hydraulic systems, which have a multiple margin of indentation force and stamp extraction. In addition, fewer piles with broadening at the base will be required than piles of the same cross section, which in turn will lead to a decrease in the need for material and a shorter lead time. Increased quality of work is achieved through the use of various monitoring and accounting sensors. Using sensors control the following parameters:

- indentation force at various depths, including at the tip of the pile;

- consumption of concrete mixture in the process of pile formation;

- supply pressure of the concrete mixture.

When installing a stuffed pile, the following condition must be fulfilled: the pressing force when immersing the stamp N must be not less than the bearing capacity of the pile - Fd, specified in the design with a safety factor - kg, taken equal to 1.2 to 1.2 depending on the level of responsibility of the designed building or structure 0.8,

where N is the indentation force, kN;

N≥k _g * Fd / m,

kg - reliability coefficient, taken equal to:

1,2 - in relation to the building and construction of an increased level of responsibility;

1,0 - in relation to the building and construction of a normal level of responsibility;

0.8 - in relation to the building and construction of a reduced level of responsibility;

Fd is the bearing capacity of the piles specified in the project, kN;

m is the coefficient of working conditions, taken equal to 0.6.

Note. The coefficient m can be clarified by the results of static tests of piles (but not more than 0.8).

In FIG. 2 shows the types of rammed piles arranged by the indentation method:

a) a stuffed pile with a broadened heel (turnip);

b) a stuffed pile of constant cross-section (rod);

c) a stuffed pile of a variable cross-section along the height of the pile body (beads);

d) a stuffed pile of a club-shaped form (club).

The body shape of the stuffed piles varies depending on the size (depth) and the amount of indentation of the stamp into the freshly laid concrete mixture in the process of pile formation.

In FIG. 3 shows the design of the proposed stamp and describes the basic principle of the stamp.

a) with a closed bore;

b) with an open passage hole.

The stamp design consists of two main elements:

1 - strong hollow body;

2 - concrete pipe.

The sturdy hollow body (1) takes all efforts, from installation and soil resistance. The external geometrical dimensions of the durable casing determine the shape of the printed pile (diameter of the pile and its length). A cavity in a strong housing is necessary to ensure the movement of the concrete pipe (2) during the immersion of the stamp and its further extraction. Concrete pipe (2) is intended for transportation of concrete mixture during concrete pouring. The concrete pipe is equipped with a protective tip (4), which eliminates the ingress of soil into the pipe during the installation of the stuffed pile.

The concrete pipe has a limiter (3), due to which the pipe is limited in movement inside the durable housing and remains in it during the work. It is possible to produce a stamp in two versions, with forced movement of the concrete pipe using the drive (5) or without it, in which case the concrete pipe moves along the strong housing (1) under its own weight. Through holes (6) are located in the lower part of the concrete pipe (2), which open when the concrete pipe (2) is lowered relative to the strong housing (1). Concrete mixture is supplied through the holes (6), and the total area of the holes is 100 cm. The holes have a rectangular shape with rounded corners. The hole dimensions are determined by the formulas:

k * a≤P / 2;

k * b≤100 / a,

where k is the number of holes;

a is the width of the hole;

b is the height of the hole;

P is the perimeter of the cross section of the concrete pipe.

Due to the geometrical dimensions of the tip (4), which is larger in diameter than the concrete pipe (2), but smaller than the diameter of the solid body (1), the concrete mix freely fills the entire available volume of the well. The tip is fastened to the concrete pipe using a fastening finger.

The principle of the stamp

The stamp assembly is immersed by indentation at the design mark with the achievement of the necessary effort. Further, depending on the shape of the stuffed pile provided for in the project, the following operations are performed sequentially - for a stuffed pile of constant cross-section (rod).

The supply of the concrete mixture with the necessary mobility through the concrete pipe (2) to the tip of the well (according to the pressure gauge of the concrete pump, the supply pressure of the mixture is reached to a value of 2 atm or more).

Remove the stamp to a small height. The concrete pipe is moved downward relative to the strong case, or the concrete pipe moves independently in the absence of a forced drive (5). Moving is possible until the limiter (3) is supported against the sturdy housing (1). When moving the concrete pipe (2), the through holes (6) open and the concrete mixture under excessive pressure enters the rammed well. The stamp is removed with the simultaneous supply of concrete mixture under excessive pressure (more than 2 atm) - for a stuffed pile with a broadened heel (turnip).

The operations are identical to the operations during the formation of piles of constant cross section (core), the difference lies in the presence of additional operations to create broadening. After the stamp has been removed to the required height and the well cavity is filled with concrete mixture, the stamp is pressed into the freshly laid concrete mixture, and the holes (6) must be closed. In the presence of a drive (5), the holes (6) are preliminarily closed; in the absence of a drive (5), the concrete pipe, having rested in the concrete mixture, starts moving relative to the strong body (when lowering it), the holes (6) are closed.

As a result of pressing the stamp, the concrete mixture will begin to change shape. From a cylinder (parallelepiped) of initial height, the initial form of the pile will begin to tend to transform into a shape that tends to form a ball. In this case, the initial height of the figure will decrease, and the diameter of the resulting shape will increase from the condition of maintaining the initial volume. Depending on the required values of the conditional diameter of the broadening and the final force of the indentation of the stamp, the operation is repeated (if necessary) to create the broadening in one absolute mark.

The principle of using the stamp described above is similarly applied when creating printed piles of variable cross-section along the height of the pile body (beads) and a printed pile in a club shape (club).

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2301299 dated 06/20/2007

2. RF patent No. 2506371 of 02.20.2014

Claims (2)

1. A stamp for pressing piles by pressing in, consisting of a strong hollow body that provides sufficient strength and stiffness necessary to absorb the forces from the pressing unit and soil resistance arising during the immersion of the punch during the device of the printed pile, concrete pipe moving in a durable hollow case and having two identical concrete casting holes with a total area of 100 cm ² , below the concrete casting holes, the tip is rigidly fixed with a fixing finger, the diameter of which is larger is narrower than the diameter of the concrete pipe, but smaller than the diameter of the solid casing in the form of a drill bit, while the concrete pipe has a limiter, due to which the concrete pipe is limited in movement inside the solid casing and remains in it during work, and the stamp is made with forced movement of the concrete pipe with using a drive or a concrete pipe moves along a sturdy case under its own weight. 2. A method of arranging rammed concrete, reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete piles by arranging a rammed pile with a broadening, using a concrete casting device — a stamp according to claim 1, which includes performing a cylindrical well by immersing a concrete casting device to a predetermined depth with the soil being displaced into the near-wellbore space using it and the formation of a sealed zone near the borehole space, filling a cylindrical well with concrete mixture under pressure, characterized in that the immersion and subsequent the extraction of the concrete casting device - the stamp is carried out by the indentation method, which includes the completion of stamped wells by immersing the stamp to a predetermined depth and then filling the wells with concrete mixture under an overpressure of at least 2 atm, while the shape and cross section of the stuffed pile depend on the depth and number of re-immersion of the stamp by indentation into freshly laid concrete mix.

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