RU2610018C2 - Method for propulsion of bodies by casimir effect and / or its analogue - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: base units (BU) are used in the method with the internal reflective surfaces of pyramidal or conical shape. At the result of the difference in the effects of the virtual particles (photons) on the external and internal surfaces of the BU, appearance of the driving force (due to the Casimir effect) is expected. These BU can be combined in the assembly, located and oriented in space so as to create both translational and rotational motion of the bodies.

EFFECT: creation of various universal movers of a simple design based on the Casimir effect.

6 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for driving various bodies in different environments (atmosphere, hydrosphere) and in space and can be used to create practical propulsion devices for other devices, structures and assemblies.

The currently known methods of driving various bodies, structures and devices fill a wide spectrum. Devices that physically implement these methods are applicable in different environments, for different purposes and have different capacities. However, in general, all methods and devices for their implementation can be divided into two classes. The first is a method of driving various bodies in motion, implemented using devices of the active type, i.e. devices moving due to internal (wearable) reserves of fuel, energy and / or active body. The second class is a method implemented using passive propulsors, i.e. devices using natural (natural) external forces for their movement.

Examples of the implementation of the active method of propulsion (devices of the first type) are automobile, aviation, rocket and other engines, spring watches, etc.

Examples of the implementation of the passive method of propulsion are devices of the second type. These are sailing ships, balloons, gliders, pendulum clocks, turbines of hydroelectric power stations in operating mode, etc.

The disadvantage of the methods and devices of the first (active) type is the need to move with them a sufficiently large supply of a special active body and / or fuel, as well as the need to systematically replenish this supply, which is not always and not always possible. In addition, active devices (using fuel) usually have a complex mechanical device, that is, they are prone to spontaneous breakdowns as a result of wear and tear, and also require a systematic replacement of their parts and systematic qualified service.

The present invention relates to the second type: i.e. to a method of bringing material bodies into motion, realized with the help of passive movers, namely with the help of devices using natural (external) external forces for movement.

The closest by analogy to the proposed method is a method of movement using a sail. However, it should already be noted here that the fundamental difference is that a conventional sail uses the pressure force of the wind (gas), and the proposed method uses the pressure force of virtual photons and other subatomic particles (see below).

The similarity lies in the fact that the sail is a device that also transforms the force of external influences (wind) into movement (of a ship, a buer, the wings of a mill, a kite, etc.).

As an example of the use of a sail, the patent “Sailing vessel” (RU 2419575 dated 09/04/2010) can be mentioned, in which the sail is rigid in the form of a rectangular frame with guides and shutters, and the frame can be rotated 360 degrees around the mast.

A natural drawback of a conventional sail is that its action requires the presence of a sufficiently dense gaseous medium and the ordered movement of gas in this medium.

Based on the idea of a conventional sail, “solar sails” were proposed, i.e. space propulsion, the traction of which provides the pressure of solar radiation. An example is, for example, the patent "Spacecraft with a solar sail" (RU 2053940 from 14/07/1992).

The natural drawbacks of such a mover are: a fundamentally low thrust, spatial orientation to a fixed radiation source - the Sun, and also a decrease in the photon flux, and hence thrust, is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the Sun.

In the proposed method, a special device is also affected by an external natural force arising as a result of the Casimir effect (vacuum polarization) or analogues of this effect, which also transforms into the general mechanical movement of the device.

Thus, the proposed method relates to the field of traction, by using new physical principles, as, for example, the patent "Bogdanov’s electromagnetic engine to create traction on new physical principles" (RU 2200875 from 17/05/2000).

The Casimir effect itself is a strictly established and scientifically recognized natural phenomenon. Its theoretical description is given, in particular, in the articles:

- Casimir H.B.G. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet. 1948, V.51, P.793;

- "The Casimir effect and its applications." V.M. Mostepanenko, N.Ya. Trunov, Physics-Uspekhi, 1988, v. 156, issue 3, pp. 385-426;

- Birrell N., Davis P. Quantized fields in curved space-time. M .: Mir, 1984;

and in many other works.

The effect is experimentally confirmed, starting with:

- Sparnaay M.Y. Phisica 1958, V.24, P.751;

- S.K. Lamoreaux 1997, Demonstration of the Casimir force in the 0.6 to 6 micrometer range, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78.5;

and up to modern works.

The experimentally established Casimir effect consists in the fact that virtual photons generated between conducting surfaces (mirrors) cannot have any energy value, unlike virtual photons generated outside of mirrors. This leads to the pressure observed on the surface (mirrors) observed and measured in numerous experiments in the direction from the outside to the inside, i.e. to each other (figure 1). By analogs of the Casimir effect we mean analogous effects in which not only virtual photons are involved, but also any other virtual particles.

The force (per unit area) resulting from the Casimir effect is calculated by the formula F = - (π ** 2/240) (ħ * c / d ** 4), where ħ is the Planck constant, s is the speed of light, d - the distance between the reflecting surfaces, minus indicates that this force tends to bring the plates together.

Due to the nature of this effect, the forces created by it have several properties important for the present invention.

Firstly, these forces are present everywhere. Thus, the mover using them can also work everywhere: in space, in the atmosphere, in the hydrosphere, underground.

Secondly, from a theoretical point of view, the magnitude of the emerging force has no upper limit. At least, this limit is even theoretically unknown today. The available traction force is limited by purely technological reasons - the accuracy of the propulsion device and the materials used for this.

Thirdly, the force is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the distance between the plates, i.e. any technologically possible decrease in the distance between reflective surfaces gives a significant increase in strength. So, in experiments, forces of the order of 1e-7 Newtons are recorded at distances of the order of micrometers, while at a distance between the plates of 10 nm, the pressure of the Casimir force reaches about atmospheric pressure.

The technical result, the achievement of which the proposed method is directed, is the creation of a propulsion device that directly uses the specified effect to bring it (the device) into mechanical motion.

Effect: obtaining accelerating force, is achieved due to the special geometry and materials of the device that implements the proposed method. The accelerating force arises as a result of the difference in the effects of virtual photons and / or any other virtual particles on the working surfaces from the inside of the device and from the outside.

The essence of the invention, i.e. 2, a method for driving various bodies with the help of the Casimir effect and / or similar ones is explained. This figure shows a general view of the working reflective surfaces at an angle to each other, the components of the forces acting on these surfaces are shown, and the direction of action of the uncompensated component of the force is indicated.

In order not to clutter up the figure, figure 2 shows the force acting on only one working surface (in this case, the left). Another working surface (right) is affected by a force similar in magnitude, but mirrored relative to the vertical axis (i.e., directed to the left). Thus, the horizontal components of the forces (F compensation) compensate each other, and the vertical components (F of the thrust) are added up, which creates the thrust of the device directed upward in the figure.

The design of the basic device that implements the proposed method is as follows. The basic design is a working reflective surface placed at an angle to each other, with its reflecting side inward, and rigidly connected so that the design visually resembles the letter V (in space it resembles a “corner”), resulting in the resultant force applied to design and acting along the axis of symmetry V (figure 3).

To increase the traction force, the surfaces should be as light as possible, as smooth as possible, as flat as possible reflecting surfaces (mirrors) with a maximum reflection coefficient in the widest part of the spectrum, shifted as much as possible to the region of high frequencies (energies).

After the installation of such a structure is completed, it automatically turns into a mover, because the force of virtual particles begins to act on it, directed from the bottom point V vertically upward. Further, this direction will be called the “thrust direction”.

To increase the thrust of the mover, the length of this structure (“corner”) “in the depth of the picture” is made as possible as possible, and several identically oriented basic structures are used that are rigidly connected into separate sections that can change their orientation in space, combined into a single spatial assembly , and in terms of visually resembling several letters VVV ... VVV (figa and 4b). All basic devices should be equally oriented vertically.

Such assemblies can be assembled into any arbitrarily large structures. The resultant force will act in the indicated “direction of traction”.

These assemblies should be fixed on suspensions, allowing these assemblies to be arbitrarily, but controlled, oriented in space.

Using modern, advanced, but accessible materials and technologies, the force resulting from the Casimir effect can be estimated at about 15 dyne per 1 m of the propulsion length, which will cause an acceleration (taking into account the mass of the propulsion alone) about 0.2 m / s ** 2. These values are already sufficient for the use of devices based on the proposed method in the role of space propulsion thrusters.

The use of a device that implements the proposed method is as follows.

After completing the installation of these assemblies, they automatically turn into a mover, tending to move in the "direction of traction".

Because assemblies can be rotated in a controlled manner, this provides control of the direction and magnitude of the thrust of the entire structure (apparatus). For example, in the case of two assemblies, control is carried out as follows.

When orienting the assemblies so that each of their "thrust directions" appears on the same axis, but is oppositely directed, the total thrust force of the entire structure (apparatus) will be zero (Fig. 5).

By orienting the assemblies in a certain given direction, we get the addition of their “thrust directions” and, as a result, the tendency for the apparatus to move in the same direction. 6, the assemblies are rotated so that their “thrust directions” are parallel and work in the same direction. The total thrust is equal to the sum of the thrust of the assemblies and is directed in the direction of the arrow.

Thus, by changing the orientation in space of the individual sections, the direction and magnitude of the total acting force, i.e. changing the orientation of the assemblies allows you to control both the general "direction of traction" of the entire structure (including all assemblies), and the total amount of traction, or, in other words, to completely control the movement of the structure in space.

Examples of other forms of the form of basic devices (with different geometry of the working reflective surfaces) are shown in Fig.7.

In particular, in pyramidal base structures, working reflective surfaces are the internal surfaces of volumetric bodies, namely pyramids with any number of faces and any aspect ratio of the sides of the faces at the base. In conical basic structures, the working reflective surfaces are the internal surfaces of volumetric bodies, namely cones having a round or ellipsoidal base, and the eccentricity of the ellipse can be of any value.

The scope of the proposed method can be any area where a propulsion is required.

First of all, the use of the proposed method and devices that implement it is expected in astronautics, as shunting, or accelerating thrusters. To do this, the above-described assemblies, which can be controlled in space, can be installed as such propulsors.

The application of the method is also expected for units whose analogues are windmills and turbines of hydroelectric power plants. For this, instead of the turbine blades of a hydroelectric power station, assemblies that implement the proposed method are installed on the generator axis in a certain position. Installation is carried out in such a way that the “thrust direction” of all assemblies is directed in one direction: clockwise or counterclockwise tangentially to the circle on which they are installed. As an example, Fig. 8 shows a sketch of an electric generating unit using assemblies from basic devices that implement the method of driving bodies using the Casimir effect and / or its analogues. The general direction of the traction force in the figure is tangential to the circle, counterclockwise.

An analogue of such a unit, but using wind power, is, for example, the patent “Wind turbine” (RU 2307950 dated 24/07/2006), which describes a structure with a vertical axis of the generator and rigid sails / wings that drive it.

Thus, the use of the invention in practice implements a method of driving bodies using the Casimir effect and / or its analogues by means of universal passive propulsors and will allow designing and building a wide range of devices based on them.

Claims (6)

1. The method of driving bodies using the Casimir effect, which consists in the fact that the accelerating force arises as a result of the difference in the effect of virtual photons or any other virtual particles on the working reflective surfaces from the inside of the base device and from the outside, and the base device is a side the surface of the pyramid with any number of faces, as well as with any aspect ratio of the faces at the base, or a cone having a round or ellipsoidal base, and the eccentricity of the ellipse can be any value, and wherein said surface should be as light and as smooth as possible, with a maximum reflectance maximum shifted to higher frequencies (energies), whereby there is a resultant force applied to this basic device and acting along its axis of symmetry. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the same time several identically oriented basic devices are used that are rigidly connected into separate ones that can change their orientation in the space of the section, and these sections are combined into a single assembly, incl. and multi-level. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that by changing the orientation in space of the individual assemblies, the direction and magnitude of the total effective force is changed. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the assembly is fixed at any necessary point of the device, structure or arbitrary material body to bring it into directional movement. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the assemblies are fixed at an angle to any or several axes of inertia or the axis of rotation of the device, structure or arbitrary material body to bring into rotation the movement of these devices, structures or material bodies. 6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the assemblies are fixed in such a way that they rotate the axis of the generator.

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