RU2608855C1 - Single-pass gamma-laser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: laser engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to laser equipment. Single-pass gamma-laser contains active medium material in form of cylindrical shaped solid substance, on one side of which plug is installed, and solenoid for creation of strong uniform longitudinal magnetic field. Solenoid power supply source is connected to solenoid, inside solenoid and coaxially to solenoid hollow dielectric cylinder is arranged, inside hollow dielectric cylinder active medium material is placed. Open strip field-forming systems for generating transverse magnetic field are passing inside solenoid above and along hollow dielectric cylinder in pairs symmetrically relative to solenoid axis and connected by their inputs to radio-frequency signals source via balancing device, and by its outputs is to open strip field-forming systems matching loads. Number of open strip field-forming systems is equal to or greater than two, wherein active medium material used is radionuclide, in which beta-decay of X(A, Z)→Y (A, Z-1) type nuclei is carried out.

EFFECT: technical result consists in increasing of output coherent gamma-radiation power density.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to laser technology, and in particular to devices for generating directed coherent radiation of high energy in the gamma-radiation spectral range with a high gamma-ray flux power.

Modern quantum generators - lasers, including gamma-ray lasers, contain, as a rule, three structural components: the material of the active medium (chemical element), which create an inversion of the population of quantum levels, a device for creating an inversion in the material of the active medium (for example, pump system) and a device for creating positive feedback (for example, a resonator). Due to the difficulties in obtaining the required inversion in the material of the active medium and the formation of a feedback mechanism in the energy range of gamma quanta, in some cases a circuit with quantum energy amplification of the initial soft laser radiation is also used to create a gamma laser, for example, by backscattering it by coherent electron beams.

Known devices [1, 2] that make it possible to form a high-quality gamma laser with respect to monochromaticity, directivity, and brightness by projecting a laser beam of the optical range in the direction opposite to the direction of the coherent electron beam, inducing coherent backward Compton scattering and amplification of the photon energy of the scattered initial laser radiation .

The disadvantage of these devices is the presence in their structure of a complex and bulky device for the formation of a powerful coherent electron beam containing storage rings or an accelerator with colliding beams for high-energy electrons and positrons, as well as a means of implementing the function of generating pulses of an electron beam having a certain duration for creating coherence electrons in the beam. An X-ray and gamma-laser device [3] is also known, which includes a nuclear source for pumping an active medium, laser metal rods with a diameter equal to the absorption length of X-ray radiation located around the source, and the solid matter of the rods has a high atomic density. This device uses the classical laser construction scheme, free from the need to have a device for generating a powerful coherent electron beam.

A disadvantage of the known device is the low power density of the output gamma radiation, not exceeding 10 ¹² W / cm ² .

The closest in its physical essence to the proposed (prototype) is a device for generating gamma radiation [4], containing a pump source of the active medium and an active medium in the form of a laser rod of solid substance, the laser rod is made of a single crystal in the form of an elongated cylinder, in volume of which the nuclei of uranium hydride isotopes and hydrogen atoms are uniformly placed, the crystal lattice of a single crystal contains crystalline planes parallel to each other and to the axis of the laser rod, which is It is simultaneously a moderator for fast neutrons, a neutron wave shaper, a pump source and an active medium, while the laser rod is sequentially enclosed in a thin foil shell made of a material reflecting thermal neutrons, for example, lithium hydride, a titanium cylindrical shell, a metal shell made of a material reflecting thermal neutrons carrying a steel casing with connecting flanges at its ends, a metal conical hermetically and rigidly mounted on one of the ends of the casing an agglush, and on the opposite end, a steel cup closed from one end with an axial chamber and a shutter consisting of adjacent symmetric radial chambers, one of which has the first TNT charge with a detonator, is rigidly mounted in the axial chamber of the cup, hermetically and sequentially installed radial movement into the second radial chamber of the shutter a monolithic metal tube made of neutron-absorbing material, made with the possibility of axial movement along the glass a source of fast neutrons in the form of a monolithic cylinder and a piston rigidly fixed at the closed wall of the glass.

Evaluation of the power density of the output coherent gamma radiation in the prototype gives a value of ≈10 ¹⁴ W / cm ² .

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low power density of the output coherent gamma radiation.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the power density of the output coherent gamma radiation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a single-pass gamma laser containing an active medium material in the form of a cylindrical solid, with a plug installed on one side, additionally contains a solenoid to create a strong uniform longitudinal magnetic field, the power supply of the solenoid is connected to the solenoid, inside the solenoid and the hollow dielectric cylinder is located coaxially with the solenoid, the material of the active medium is placed inside the hollow dielectric cylinder, open stripe fields developing systems for creating a transverse magnetic field pass inside the solenoid on top and along the hollow dielectric cylinder pairwise symmetrically with respect to the axis of the solenoid and are connected at their inputs through a balancing device to the source of radio frequency signals, and at their outputs to the matching loads of open strip field-forming systems, the number of open strip field-forming systems is equal to or greater than two, and a radionuclide is used as the material of the active medium, in which beta decay of nuclei of the form X (A, Z) → Y (A, Z-1).

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a single-pass gamma laser device using a radionuclide as an active medium material in which beta decay of nuclei of the form X (A, Z) → Y (A, Z-1) takes place. In FIG. 1 adopted the following notation:

1 - solenoid to create a strong uniform longitudinal magnetic field H ₀ ;

2 - power supply solenoid;

3 - open strip field-forming systems for creating a transverse magnetic field H ₁ ;

4 - a source of radio frequency signals;

5 - a balancing device;

6 - hollow dielectric cylinder;

7 - material of the active medium;

8 - matching loads of open strip field-forming systems;

9 - a stub.

In FIG. 2 shows a timing diagram of a sequence of transverse excitation pulses in an active medium material and the appearance of a single-pass gamma radiation at the output of the pulse using the initiation technology adopted in the proposed device. All pulse amplitudes in FIG. 2 are given in relative units, and all time intervals are correlated with each other and the characteristic times of physical processes that occur in the material of the active medium in each phase of the formation of a pulse of single-pass gamma radiation.

The proposed single-pass gamma laser (Fig. 1) contains a solenoid 1 for creating a strong uniform longitudinal magnetic field H ₀ connected to a power source 2, open strip field-forming systems 3 for creating a transverse magnetic field H ₁ , passing inside the solenoid 1 on top and along the hollow the dielectric cylinder 6 is pairwise symmetrical about the axis of the solenoid 1 and connected at its inputs through a balancing device 5 that creates antiphase radio frequency signals to a source 4 of radio frequency signals cores, and at the outputs to matching loads 8, the number of open strip field-forming systems is equal to or greater than two, a hollow dielectric cylinder 6, located inside and coaxially with the solenoid 1, filled with the material of the active medium 7 in the form of a solid substance of radionuclide beta "plus" -decay type and forming from one of its end ends an output window for the generated gamma radiation, and from the other end closed by a plug 9. Moreover, the placement of the radio frequency signal source 4 and the balancing device 5 relative to Borky "solenoid 1 - open strip field-generating system 3 - a hollow dielectric cylinder 6 is filled with an active medium material 7 'can be arbitrary, for example as shown in FIG. 1. The total number of open field-forming systems is determined by the need to achieve a given value of the transverse magnetic field H ₁ in the selected transverse direction, subject to strict spatial-temporal synchronization of radio frequency signals propagating through each of the open strip field-forming systems.

Before giving a consistent presentation of the operation of the proposed device, it is necessary to clarify some fundamental provisions regarding its essence.

Conceptually, a single-pass gamma laser is a device that uses the beta decay of a radionuclide of the form X (A, Z) → Y (A, Z-1) in a strong uniform magnetic field and operates on a self-limiting gamma transition of daughter nuclei of this radionuclide . To ensure coherent radiation, i.e. in-phase mode of a typically classical group radiation, in such a nuclear-spin quantum generator it is necessary to fulfill the following conditions.

It is known [5] that the radiation intensity J of a quantum system consisting of N spins with I = 1/2 when the system is in the quantum state / r, m> is

where r is the spin quantum number for the total spin of the system;

m is the magnetic quantum number of the system;

J ₀ - the intensity of spontaneous emission of a single spin.

It can be seen from (1) that for r = m = r _max = (1/2) N we have the intensity J = NJ ₀ , i.e., despite the complete inversion of the system, the spins in this case emit incoherently (or spontaneously) . If the system is prepared in such a way that by the moment of radiation it goes into the state / r = r _max = (1/2) N, m>, where | m | << r, then the radiation intensity becomes equal to J≈ (1/4 ) N ² J ₀ , indicating the coherent nature of the radiation.

Noting that the radiation intensity is nothing but the flow of energy through a unit area

where E _zap = NE _γ is the energy stored in the spin system and radiated through the transition E _γ ;

Δt is the duration of the emitted pulse;

S _n is the projection of the area through which the radiation is output onto the radiation direction, then for a single γ-ray it is natural to put J ₀ = E _γ / (τ _γ ⋅ S _n ) and rewrite relation (2) in the form

The last record means that, due to the conservation of the energy balance, the energy NE _γ stored in the system cannot be exceeded in the process of radiation formation at the self-limited transition, and therefore, when the coherent radiation regime is implemented in this system, wave synchronism leads to a compression of the wave packet and a decrease in 1 / N radiation pulse duration.

The initiation of the proposed device (Fig. 2) is based on the principles of generation of a spin or photon echo in a magnetically stressed medium, described in general terms in [6, 7].

The proposed single-pass gamma laser operates as follows.

The hollow dielectric cylinder 6 is filled with the material of the active medium 7, which is a beta decay radionuclide. The cartridge thus equipped, consisting of a hollow dielectric cylinder 6 and active material 7, is installed inside the solenoid 1 along its axis. Turn on the power supply 2 and create inside the solenoid 1 a strong uniform magnetic field H ₀ . The material of the active medium 7 is left in the magnetic field H ₀ at rest for the time necessary to create, as a result of beta decay of the mother nuclei, a sufficient population inversion of the working metastable level of daughter nuclei. Then turn on the source of 4 radio frequency signals. By applying antiphase radio pulses from the source 4 to the strip field-forming systems 3 through a balancing device 5, the transverse magnetic excitation pulses are injected into the material of the active medium 7 in the following sequence:

- serves π / 2-pulse transverse magnetic field H _1x small amplitude, satisfying the conditions

where t _and - pulse duration;

- величина неоднородного уширения спектра прецессирующих дочерних ядер; ϒ - ядерное гиромагнитное отношение;

- средняя круговая частота процессии дочерних ядер в сильном не идеально однородном магнитном поле H₀, с частотой заполнения ω₀, равной средней частоте прецессии

дочерних ядер; при этом магнитные моменты дочерних ядер верхних и нижних подуровней рабочего уровня энергии к концу действия этого импульса окажутся в плоскостях, компланарных поперечной плоскости xy, прецессируя вокруг продольной оси z; причем в то время, когда магнитные моменты ядер находятся в плоскости xy, ядра имеют минимальную энергетическую связь с продольным силовым магнитным полем H₀, направленным по оси z, и их магнитное квантовое число m равно нулю;Where

- the value of the inhomogeneous broadening of the spectrum of precessing daughter nuclei; ϒ is the nuclear gyromagnetic ratio;

- the average circular frequency of the procession of daughter nuclei in a strong not perfectly uniform magnetic field H ₀ , with a filling frequency ω ₀ equal to the average precession frequency

daughter cores; in this case, the magnetic moments of the daughter nuclei of the upper and lower sublevels of the working energy level by the end of this pulse will be in planes coplanar to the transverse plane xy, precessing around the longitudinal axis z; moreover, at the time when the magnetic moments of the nuclei are in the xy plane, the nuclei have minimal energy coupling with the longitudinal magnetic force field H ₀ directed along the z axis, and their magnetic quantum number m is zero;

- after the end of the action of the π / 2 transverse excitation pulse, a quarter-period of phase relaxation Δt ₁ = π / 4Δω follows, during which the system of sector-localized (conditionally in the xy plane) magnetic moments corresponding to the upper and lower initial energy sublevels and now rotate in planes coplanar xy plane, due to the difference in the precession frequency (ω ₀ -Δω) ← ω ₀ → (ω ₀ + Δω) begins to disperse, aiming to fill uniformly the whole xy plane of rotation, the fan-shaped divergence of the moments of the first notional half-plane of boundedness x axis, the second and vice versa will take place both clockwise and counterclockwise;

- after the time interval Δt _{1 has} elapsed since the start of phase relaxation, a π-pulse of a transverse magnetic field H _{1x of} small amplitude is fed, which mirrors magnetic moments located in opposite half-planes bounded by the x axis, xy plane with respect to the xz plane;

; при этом два результирующих момента M_y и -M_y будут расти, стремясь к своим максимальным значениям; в максимуме результирующих моментов индивидуально сфазированные две подсистемы спинов получают возможность излучать в противоположенные стороны - каждая как самостоятельное целое, т.к. в этот момент для каждой из подсистем обеспечивается выполнение условия когерентного излучения (r=IN>>m);- after the end of the action of the π-pulse of the transverse excitation, the time interval Δt ₂ = π / 2Δω follows, equal to the half-period of phase relaxation, during which the magnetic moments of the nuclei, continuing their circular motion around the z axis, now, however, will change direction after turning around the x axis of their rotation to the opposite and, having divided during two time Δt ₁ into two conditional sector halves, will move in their conditional half-planes bounded by the x axis towards each other, gradually gathering around those magnetic moments that are directed in one of these half-planes along the y axis, and in the other along the –y axis, and having a circular rotation frequency

; in this case, the two resulting moments M _y and -M _y will grow, striving for their maximum values; at the maximum of the resulting moments, the individually phased two subsystems of spins are able to radiate in opposite directions - each as an independent whole, because at this moment, for each of the subsystems, the coherent radiation condition is satisfied (r = IN >>m);

- after the time interval Δt ₂ expires at the time of reaching the maximum, the resulting magnetic moments of the subsystems M _y and -M _y give a short pulse of a transverse magnetic field H _{1x of} large amplitude, which, quickly rotating the resulting vectors of magnetic moments of the nuclei M _y and -M _y around the x axis , creates in the region of small values of the magnetic moment M _z arising during this rotation, a significant value of the derivative dM _z / dt, stimulating (due to its value) gamma radiation of the working transition under conditions of minimal recoil of nuclei, i.e. in the mode of radiation from the resonance plane xy of gamma rays in a very narrow spectral band;

- at the output of the device during the action of a powerful short stimulating pulse of x-excitation in one pass, an ultra-short gamma pulse is formed with a narrow radiation pattern due to the axial geometry of the system and the alignment of the sample material of the active medium 7 and solenoid 1.

Matching loads 8 absorb the energy of the radio pulses of the transverse magnetic excitation remaining after passing along the zone of the material of the active medium 7. The plug 9 intercepts gamma radiation that does not meet the given diagram and is directed in the direction opposite to the output of the device.

The quantitative characteristics of the proposed gamma laser can be estimated as follows.

, необходимо стимулировать переходы вообще всех микрочастиц в системе. Этого можно достичь, обеспечив режим условного избыточного усиления, приводящего к насыщению потока излучения на каждом элементе канала усиления общей длиной L, удовлетворив с учетом (3) неравенствуWith a resonant set of radiation power in a single-pass amplification channel, in order to guarantee a gamma-ray pulse with an energy close to the energy of all potentially resonant transitions in the output section of the device

, it is necessary to stimulate transitions in general of all microparticles in the system. This can be achieved by providing a conditional conditional excess gain, leading to saturation of the radiation flux on each element of the gain channel with a total length L, satisfying, taking into account (3), the inequality

where J and J _L are the output and specific per unit length of the channel for amplifying the radiation intensity, respectively;

N _L is the specific number of microparticles per unit length of the amplification channel that are potentially involved in increasing the intensity of the initial radiation;

L is the total length of the gain channel in relative units.

It is known from the theory of amplification of spontaneous emission [8] that the analytical expression for the intensity ratio J / J _L , valid for any form of emission lines with a narrow profile, including Doppler, has the form

where G is the peak specific gain corresponding to the center of the spectral line;

L is the total length of the gain channel, equal to that part of the length of the cylindrical sample 6, which is filled with the material of the active medium 7.

From [9] it follows that the peak specific gain is approximately equal

- удельная "резонансная" инверсная заселенность соответствующего уровня энергии;Where

- specific "resonant" inverse population of the corresponding energy level;

σ _stim is the cross section of the forced transition.

The stimulated transition cross section or otherwise the stimulated emission cross section is determined through the spontaneous emission probability Y (γ) according to the formula [9]

where λ _γ is the wavelength at which the transition radiates;

Δλ _γ is the spectral broadening ("smearing") of the carrier wavelength caused by the interaction of microparticles.

, являющихся следствием β⁺-распада материнского радионуклида свинца

[10], имеем длину волны энергетической несущей γ₆ By making a specific quantitative estimate of the gamma laser gain and calculating for this the values of physical quantities, for example, corresponding to the γ transition of γ ₆ daughter nuclei of thallium

resulting from β ⁺ decay of maternal lead radionuclide

[10], we have the wavelength of the energy carrier γ ₆

where c, h are the speed of light in free space and Planck's constant, respectively;

- энергия перехода γ₆ ядер таллия

,

- transition energy γ ₆ nuclei of thallium

,

relative broadening of the carrier γ ₆

- доплеровское уширение при нормальной температуре в соответствии с [11], принимаемое в качестве максимально возможного уширения, вызванного взаимодействием ядер

, вероятность перехода γ₆ на основании формул Вайскопфа [12] для магнитного характера излучателяWhere

- Doppler broadening at normal temperature in accordance with [11], taken as the maximum possible broadening caused by the interaction of nuclei

, transition probability γ ₆ based on the Weisskopf formulas [12] for the magnetic nature of the emitter

- приведенная постоянная Планка;Where

- reduced Planck constant;

[13],μ ^T1 = 1.58⋅μ _B = 7.9⋅10 ^-24 erg / G - magnetic moment of nuclei

[13],

μ _B - Bohr nuclear magneton,

and, substituting the values from (8), (9), (10) into (7), we obtain

Then, taking into account relation (6), the peak specific gain in the channel with a cross section of 1 cm ² in the first approximation will be

,

,

- удельная резонансная инверсная заселенность рабочего инверсного уровня E₁ дочерних ядер таллия

с учетом его опережающего заселения;Where

- specific resonant inverse population of the working inverse level E ₁ daughter thallium nuclei

taking into account its advanced settlement;

- количество дочерних ядер таллия

, находящихся на инверсном уровне E₁ к моменту времени t=τ_β(E₁) [10], равному постоянной времени β-распада материнских ядер на уровень E₁ дочерних ядер с учетом метастабильности уровня E₁, приобретаемой в сильном однородном продольном магнитном поле H₀;

- number of thallium daughter nuclei

located at the inverse level E ₁ by the time t = τ _β (E ₁ ) [10], equal to the time constant of β-decay of the mother nuclei to the level E _{1 of} daughter nuclei, taking into account the metastability of the level E ₁ acquired in a strong uniform longitudinal magnetic field H ₀ ;

f _D is the Debye-Waller coefficient, taking into account the number of nuclei that transfer their energy from the level E ₁ (γ ₆ ) resonantly;

k _ce is the coefficient of internal electronic conversion of the level E ₁ ;

[14] - концентрация атомов материнского свинца

.

[14] - atomic concentration of maternal lead

.

Assuming now, for example, L = 10 cm, from (5) we find

,

,

, полученный результат позволяет рассчитывать на точное соблюдение неравенства (5) на следующей целевой итерации.from which it follows that for the initial data used, despite the approximate nature of the estimate

, the result allows us to count on the exact observance of inequality (5) at the next target iteration.

с известным в пассивной среде свинца линейным коэффициентом, равным 2,5 см^-1 [15], в материале активной среды не происходит, все же существует некоторая вероятность выбывания резонансных γ-квантов из потока не резонансным способом. Поэтому поднять условный потолок коэффициента усиления до более высокого уровня было бы желательно.Here, however, it is necessary to understand the following. Although in the resonance medium the classical mechanism of attenuation of the flux of resonant γ-quanta does not work, and the attenuation of the flux of γ-quanta of interest to us with energy

with a linear coefficient of 2.5 cm ^–1 known in a passive lead medium [15], the active medium does not occur in the material; nevertheless, there is some likelihood that resonant gamma quanta will be eliminated from the flux in a non-resonant manner. Therefore, raising the conditional gain ceiling to a higher level would be desirable.

и (или) температуры окружающей среды T. Понижение температуры окружающей среды является известной общетехнической возможностью обеспечить приемлемую работоспособность устройств мессбауэрского типа, поэтому в рассматриваемом случае необходимо приоритетно использовать первую возможность, относящуюся к специфике предлагаемого устройства.The gain can be increased by increasing the cross section of the stimulated emission by reducing the Doppler broadening D, which, ultimately, can be reduced by reducing the recoil energy of the nucleus

and (or) ambient temperature T. Lowering the ambient temperature is a well-known general technical ability to ensure acceptable performance of the Mossbauer type devices, therefore, in the case under consideration, it is necessary to use the first opportunity that is specific to the specificity of the proposed device.

через выражение для продольной скорости распространения поперечного радиоимпульса возбуждения v_pz в материале активной среды [16] связана дисперсионным соотношением с частотой ω в спектре этого радиоимпульса длительностью τ_и Average core recoil energy

through the expression for the longitudinal propagation velocity of the transverse excitation radio pulse v _pz in the material of the active medium [16] is connected by the dispersion relation with the frequency ω in the spectrum of this radio pulse of duration τ _and

which, in turn, leads to a dependence on the frequency of the gain G in the form

wherein _Har ω = (Sα _N c / πg (0)) ^1/2 - characteristic frequency transverse magnetic excitation of nuclear spins, expressed in terms of said physical quantities and parameters [16].

в [16], то для ω_хар имеемIf we use the values of S, α _N and g (0), which appeared in the estimation of the velocity

in [16], then for ω _har we have

, зависимость G от частоты в этой части спектра отсутствует. Вместе с тем, эта зависимость на частотах нижней части спектра вблизи ω_н≈ϒH₁<<ω_хар практически линейна.Since the upper cutoff frequency ω _in the spectrum of the excitation radio pulse always lies near the longitudinal precession frequency ω _at ≈ω ₀ = ϒH ₀ and is incommensurably greater

, the dependence of G on frequency is absent in this part of the spectrum. At the same time, this dependence at the frequencies of the lower part of the spectrum near ω _n ≈ϒH ₁ << ω _{char is} almost linear.

Then, in an effort to obtain the necessary high gain with a weakening of its dependence on the frequency, we require the deliberate fulfillment of condition (4) by assigning, for example

and, taking into account that e ^GL >> 1, we write for the second approximation G _{2 the} dimensionless equality following from (30) for dimensionless G ₂ and L

равно 0,8. При этом амплитуда радиоимпульса поперечного магнитного поля возбуждения материала активной среды H_1max, заведомо обеспечивающая этот коэффициент усиления и заметно ослабляющая его частотную зависимость, равнаWhence with L = 10 the required value

equal to 0.8. In this case, the amplitude of the radio pulse of the transverse magnetic field of the excitation of the material of the active medium H _1max , which obviously provides this gain and significantly attenuates its frequency dependence, is

If, in addition, it is taken into account that in the proposed single-pass gamma laser, the longitudinal velocity v _{pz of the} transverse excitation of the material of the active medium is essentially the propagation velocity of the transverse excitation radio pulse in the strip system 3 and thereby forcibly tends to the speed of light in free space, then the average core recoil energy in this case is minimal and approximately equal

This allows you to reduce the value of the operating voltage of the transverse excitation pulse H _1x to technically acceptable values.

. Для этого будем считать, что первый (инициирующий) единичный элемент канала усиления длиной 1 см осуществляет эмиссию γ-излучения спонтанно и квазиизотропно. Тогда в контексте изложенного выше получим [5]Let us evaluate the maximum intensity J _{max of the} output gamma radiation of the amplification channel within the accepted values of the physical parameters of the channel and the material of the active medium based on the radionuclide

. For this, we assume that the first (initiating) unit element of the amplification channel 1 cm long carries out emission of γ-radiation spontaneously and quasi-isotropically. Then in the context of the above we get [5]

substituting numerical values, we obtain

with total energy per pulse duration

Thus, the power density of the output coherent gamma radiation of the proposed single-pass gamma laser compared with the prototype increased from 10 ¹⁴ W / cm ² to 10 ²¹ W / cm ² .

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Claims (1)

A single-pass gamma laser containing an active medium material in the form of a cylindrical solid, with a plug installed on one side, characterized in that it additionally contains a solenoid to create a strong uniform longitudinal magnetic field, the power supply of the solenoid is connected to the solenoid, inside the solenoid and coaxially with the hollow dielectric cylinder is located by the solenoid, the material of the active medium is placed inside the hollow dielectric cylinder, open strip field-forming systems for The transverse magnetic field is generated inside the solenoid on top and along the hollow dielectric cylinder, pairwise symmetrical with respect to the axis of the solenoid and connected at its inputs through a balancing device to the source of radio frequency signals, and at its outputs to the matching loads of open strip field-forming systems, the number of open strip field-forming systems is or more than two, and a radionuclide in which beta decay of nuclei of the form X (A, Z) → Y (A, Z-1).

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