RU2607280C2 - Surgical scissors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cutting surgical instruments and, in particular, to surgical scissors. Surgical scissors include branches with a handle, base and cutting edge, wherein base and cutting edge are made from cubic silicon carbide.

EFFECT: invention provides higher contrast, broadens technological capabilities of making cutting edge, increases wear resistance, chemical and thermal resistance.

8 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to cutting surgical instruments, in particular to surgical scissors, and can be used for general and microsurgical operations, as well as in medical and biological research.

Known surgical scissors having jaws with a cutting edge (RU 2178677, class A61B 17/32, publ. 01.27.2002). The disadvantage of this device is the lack of an independent part of the base on which, regardless of the jaws, you can make a cutting edge, which greatly complicates the use of new materials and technologies for sharpening the cutting edge.

The closest in technical essence are surgical scissors having jaws with a cutting edge, which is a multilayer metal-zirconia structure (RU 2009141675, class A61B 17/00, published on September 12, 2009). Scissors have a very complex cutting edge design that contains materials with different volume expansion coefficients. During heat treatment in the processes of technological manufacturing and sterilization, microcracks occur at the boundaries of these layers, which leads to a decrease in wear resistance and even to their destruction. In addition, due to the presence of structural layers of the blade that are different in optical properties, problems arise in contrast when it comes into contact with the target. In addition, the absence of a base independent of the branch part leads to significant difficulties, and sometimes to the impossibility of manufacturing and processing a high-precision configuration of the cutting edge.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages. The technical result consists in expanding the technological capabilities of manufacturing a cutting edge, increasing wear resistance, chemical and thermal resistance, as well as providing the possibility of increasing contrast. The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that for surgical scissors, including jaws with handles, the base and cutting edge, the base and cutting edge are made of bulk silicon carbide, which can be single-crystal or polycrystalline. To improve the contrast, color centers are introduced into the crystal lattice of a single crystal. A silicon carbide single crystal can have a cubic lattice of a 3C polytype or a hexagonal crystal lattice of 2H, 4H, 6H polytypes, and the cutting edge can have sequential sharpening angles of 5-40 ° and 40-85 °. The jaws can also be made of a composite structure based on silicon carbide, silicon or silicon carbide polycrystalline structure.

In FIG. 1 presents a General view of the proposed surgical scissors.

In FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the sharpening angles of the cutting edge of the proposed surgical scissors.

Surgical scissors consist of jaws 1, base 2 and cutting edge 3. The use in the design of the base, which can be independent of the jaw part, as well as the manufacture of it and the cutting edge of bulk silicon carbide, provides the use of multiple high-temperature heat treatment of the product that does not cause thermal stresses. The latter is due to the high thermal stability of the bulk structure of silicon carbide up to temperatures of 1000 ° C under repeated exposure.

The use of various polytype structures in the technological process of forming the base and cutting edge ensures the wear resistance of the device in a particular operational process. For example, for cosmetology, it is advisable to use the 3C cubic structure, which retains high values of the elastic limit and microhardness, although a lower value than in the hexagonal structure with 2H, 4H, and 6H polytypes. The product from the 3C-structure is more plastic, which is very important in cosmetic operations.

The contrast of a medical instrument when exposed to an object in the operational process is determined by the selection of the necessary color scheme. The latter is realized by creating the corresponding color centers in the structure of the silicon carbide crystal. The cutting edge of the base of the scissors is a perfect cut. And in the area of influence of scissors on the object, a glow of a certain range of light waves is observed.

The selected sharpening angles of the cutting edge (Fig. 2) are the most optimal from the point of view of manufacturing technology and the use of surgical scissors in operating processes.

Example 1. Surgical scissors consist of jaws with handles, a base and a cutting edge. The base and cutting edge are made of a bulk single crystal of silicon carbide polytype 3C, and the branches with handles are made of a composite structure of silicon carbide. This device has high contrast and retains it after 100-fold treatments at 800 ° C. Bending strengths and microhardness are high: 500-600 MPa and 2200 GPa, respectively.

Example 2. Surgical scissors consist of jaws with handles made of a composite SiC structure, a base and a cutting edge made of a SiC single crystal of polytype 6H. The device withstands 100-fold heat treatments at temperatures of 800-100 ° C and maintains high contrast. The bending strengths and microhardness also have high values and are respectively 800-900 MPa and 2800 GPa.

Claims (8)

1. Surgical scissors, including jaws with a handle, base and cutting edge, characterized in that the base and cutting edge are made of bulk silicon carbide. 2. Surgical scissors according to claim 1, characterized in that the base and cutting edge are made of monocrystalline silicon carbide. 3. Surgical scissors according to claim 2, characterized in that color centers are introduced into the crystal lattice of the single crystal. 4. Surgical scissors according to claim 2, characterized in that the base and cutting edge are made of a single crystal of silicon carbide with a crystalline structure of 6H, 4H and 2H. 5. Surgical scissors according to claim 2, characterized in that the base and cutting edge are made of a single crystal of silicon carbide with a crystal structure of 3C. 6. Surgical scissors according to claim 1, characterized in that the base and cutting edge are made of polycrystalline silicon carbide. 7. Surgical scissors according to claim 1, characterized in that the branches with a handle are made of a composite structure based on silicon carbide, silicon or silicon carbide of a polycrystalline structure. 8. Surgical scissors according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting edge has sharpening angles successively 5-40 ° and 40-85 °.

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