RU2605945C1 - Device of dc motor of increased power with permanent magnet excitation and electronic switching of collector plates - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering, namely to electric motors of drives of auxiliary equipment of mobile objects. Device of a DC motor with increased mechanical power with stator excitation from permanent magnets and electronically switching of collector plates comprises a stator, executed as a cylindrical magnetically conductive body with diametrically opposite poles of excitation on its inner surface; diametrically opposite poles of excitation are permanent magnets on the basis of the neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B, NdFeB)alloy. Collector plates are connected to armature winding with a wire. There is a stroboscopic disc with slots in the center of the collector plates on the armature shaft between the collector and the side cover. Side cover, which includes brush yokes with fixed brush holders with brushes, has an optical coupler that gives signal to the electronic circuit, which, in turn, sends a current impulse when the brush is at the center of the plate, excluding spark formation during the transition process.

EFFECT: technical result – increase of efficiency of operation of the collector and DC motor stator with excitation from permanent magnets.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to electric motors of auxiliary equipment drives of moving objects, mainly automobiles and tractors, and can be used in the design and manufacture of these electric motors.

Known DC motors of predominantly high power with electromagnetic excitation, containing an armature with a winding and a collector, with a cylindrical magnetically conductive housing, on the inner surface of which there are main poles with an excitation winding and additional poles with a compensation winding, connected in series with the armature winding. Additional poles have a smaller width compared to the main poles and are located in switching zones in order to compensate for the magnetic induction induced by the armature current in the neutral zone to improve the switching process, thereby reducing sparking and arcing on the motor collector (Ivanov-Smolensky A.V. Electric machines. - M.: Energy, 1980, p. 704).

The disadvantage of this design is the complexity and high cost of execution, respectively, the impossibility of its implementation in mass production.

A device of direct current electric motors with permanent magnet excitation is also known, comprising an armature with a winding and a collector and a cylindrical magnetically conductive housing, which is also a yoke, with poles mounted on its inner surface, which are ferrite-barium or ferrite-strontium permanent magnets made in the form of segments (Garshin A .V. Kondratyev V.N. et al. Design Features, Parameters of Autotractor Electric Motors and Prospects for Their Development: Custom Edition. - M.: N IIN Avtoprom, 1976, pp. 22-50; Kenio T. Nagamori S. DC motors with permanent magnets./ Transl. From English - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1989, pp. 22-26).

The disadvantage of this design is that in modes other than idling, the physical magnetic neutral is displaced relative to the geometric neutral on which the brushes are mounted in the opposite direction to the rotation of the motor armature, which significantly worsens the switching conditions in the alkaline collector assembly, since while in the switched sections of the armature winding induced EMF, slowing down the switching. Moreover, the magnitude of the magnetic induction in the switching zone increases with increasing load of the electric motor.

Designs of DC machines are described in the book by A.S. Kasatkin "Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering", edited by Dr. V.G. Gerasimov and candidate of technical sciences associate professor V.V. Cohen-Dalin, Section XII. - M.: Higher School, 1986.

The technical result to which the invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of the collector assembly and the stator of the DC motor with excitation from permanent magnets, the creation of DC electric motors with increased useful mechanical power developed by the engine in relation to the consumed electric power.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to create a direct current electric motor with the maximum possible specific electromagnetic moment and maximum efficiency, defined as the ratio of the useful power to the consumed electric power.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the claimed device of a direct current electric motor of increased mechanical power with excitation of the stator from permanent magnets and electronic commutation of the collector plates is characterized by the fact that it contains a stator made in the form of a cylindrical magnetically conductive housing with diametrically arranged excitation poles located on the inner surface pole permanent magnets based on neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B, NdFeB) alloys. The collector plates are wired to the armature winding. A stroboscopic disk with slots in the center of the collector plates is located on the armature shaft, between the collector and the side cover. An optocoupler is placed on a side cover including brush traverses on which brush holders with brushes are mounted, which gives a signal to an electronic circuit, which, in turn, gives a current pulse at the moment the brush is located in the center of the plate, eliminating sparking during the transient process.

This allows you to increase the power of the current pulse with a multiple increase in the net power developed by the engine in relation to the consumed electric power with the same geometric dimensions.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a device of a DC motor with increased mechanical power with excitation of the stator from permanent magnets and the following notation: 1 - stator made of cast steel; 2 - poles of permanent magnets based on neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B, NdFeB) alloys; 3 - anchor; 4 - collector; 5 - winding of the armature; 6 - stroboscopic disk; 7 - side cover; 8 - brush traverse; 9 - brush holders; 10 - brushes; 11 - optocoupler; 12 is an electronic circuit.

The device of a DC motor of increased mechanical power with excitation of the stator from permanent magnets consists of a stator, a rotor and a side cover.

The stator includes a cast steel cylinder (1) and pole magnets based on neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B, NdFeB) alloys (2).

The rotor is made in the form of an anchor (3) with a winding (5), a collector (4) and a stroboscopic disk (6).

The side cover (7) consists of a brush beam (8) with a brush holder (9) and a brush (10), optocouplers (11) and an electronic circuit (12).

The device operates as follows.

When voltage is applied to the electronic circuit (12), it determines the location of the collector plate (4) through a stroboscope (6) by means of an optocoupler (11) and provides a high-voltage pulse to the collector plate (4) through a brush (10). An electric current passing through the armature winding (5) and interacting with the magnetic field of the stator permanent magnets (2), ensuring uniform distribution of magnetic induction on the surface of the armature (3), transfers the repulsive force to the armature (3). As a result of using the electronic circuit (12), the collector fire is eliminated, the operation of the collector assembly improves, and the specific electromagnetic moment increases. There is a multiple increase in the net power developed by the engine in relation to the consumed electric power.

In the design of the inventive electric motor, permanent magnets made of NdFeBCo alloy N-45 grade with a residual induction of 1.37 T, a coercive force Hc> 876 kA / m, a coercive force by induction Hcj> 955 kA / m and a maximum HV energy of 358 kJ / m ^{3 were used} . Operating temperature up to 250 ° C.

In the proposed engine design, various brands of permanent magnets based on neodymium-iron-boron alloys (Nd-Fe-B, NdFeB) can be used.

A prototype of the inventive device of a direct current electric motor of increased mechanical power was manufactured with excitation of the stator from permanent magnets, the tests of which confirmed:

high efficiency of the collector assembly;

high efficiency of the stator of a DC motor with excitation from permanent magnets;

obtaining the maximum possible specific electromagnetic moment and increasing the useful mechanical power developed by the engine in relation to the consumed electric power.

Claims (1)

The device of a direct current electric motor of increased mechanical power with excitation of the stator from permanent magnets and electronic commutation of the collector plates is characterized by the fact that it contains a stator made in the form of a cylindrical magnetically conductive housing with diametrically arranged excitation poles located on the inner surface made of pole permanent magnets based on neodymium alloys - iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B, NdFeB), collector plates are connected by a wire to the armature winding, on the armature shaft a stroboscopic disk with slots in the center of the collector plates is placed by the collector and the side cover, an optocoupler is placed on the side cover including brush traverses on which brush holders with brushes are mounted, which gives a signal to the electronic circuit, which, in turn, at the time the brush is located in the center the plate gives a current pulse, excluding sparking during the transient process.

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