RU2603700C2 - Method and device for suppressing formation of ice on structures at air intake of turbomachine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: turbo-machines.

SUBSTANCE: method for suppressing ice formation on surface of a turbomachine structure during its operation, comprises piezoelectrically converting mechanical vibratory energy of said structure into electrical energy. Converting generated electrical energy into thermal energy and conducting said thermal energy to at least a portion of structure. Transmitting part of piezoelectrically generated energy directly to other part of structure of turbine machine for conversion of transferred energy into thermal energy or to external energy supply system, configured for repeated transfer of energy to part of structure of turbine machine for conversion of transferred energy into thermal energy. Another invention of group relates to a device for implementing said method and includes a housing with inlet section, consisting of a funnel, rotor surrounded by housing, row of blades inlet distributor connected to housing, and row of rotating blades connected to rotor. Funnel and/or at least one blade of inlet distributor and/or at least one rotating blade are equipped with a piezoelectric element, electric circuit connected with said piezoelectric element, as well as a transmitter for transmitting part of piezoelectrically energy.

EFFECT: group of inventions simplifies device for suppressing ice formation on surface of turbine machine structure.

24 cl, 4 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of technology related to systems for suppressing the formation of ice on structures of an air intake section of a turbomachine, in particular an axial compressor of a gas turbine.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Gas turbines for vehicles or stationary installations are usually equipped with a compressor that sucks the ambient air and increases its pressure to a relatively high level in accordance with the technical requirements for the combustion process in a gas turbine. In this case, the compressed air is directed into the combustion chamber, mixed with the fuel in it and ignited. Compressed, high-energy gaseous products of combustion from the combustion chamber pass into the turbine, in which they expand, performing mechanical work. Axial or radial compressors are used.

When the air temperature rises when it is compressed, the pressure in the compressor intake system first drops, and then rises after the first stage of the compressor. For this reason, at a particularly low ambient temperature, an air temperature representing the dew point temperature can be reached, and ice forms on the surfaces of the inlet structures due to moisture condensation. This mechanism of ice formation usually manifests itself in the cold climate zones in the world. Ice is formed mainly on the stator parts of the compressor inlet (socket), on the inlet guide apparatus (IGV) and partially on the rotor blades of the first stage. Behind the first compressor stage, the air temperature rises rapidly, as a result of which the components of the downstream rows of compressor blades are protected from ice formation. The presence of ice on the surface of these structures leads to an additional pressure drop, which leads to a decrease in the characteristics of a gas turbine installation. In the worst case, pieces of ice are separated from the surface, for example from the surface of the inlet guide apparatus, and cause damage, in particular the rotor blades of the first compressor stage.

Therefore, there is a need for a solution that provides effective suppression of ice formation on these structural elements or the removal of ice deposits, if these ice deposits have already formed on the surface, and prevent their re-formation.

Various systems for suppressing ice formation or systems for removing ice deposits are known in the art of compressors.

The dew point temperatures of gas-vapor mixtures are available from front-end charts / tables. According to these data, two types of sensors are usually used that either track the condition of ice formation or detect an increase in ice.

A well-known solution for protecting the external surfaces of structures at the compressor inlet from icing, which is used in practice in the field of stationary gas turbine power plants / power plants, involves the use of an anti-icing system with the air taken out from the compressor (that is, with the hot air taken out from the compressor and moved to the inlet zone for heating) or the use of a heat exchange system with hot water, or the placement of resistive heating elements on the stator wall in the inlet section.

However, the disadvantages of these systems include a decrease in the characteristics of a gas turbine (losses of up to 0.3%), the need for additional investment costs, special monitoring systems, operational manufacturability associated with increased costs, and limited applicability.

Operational experience shows that the process of ice buildup at the first stage of the compressor may take several seconds before the de-icing system starts to work effectively.

US Pat. No. 4,732,351 discloses a device for suppressing ice formation on the outer surface of various articles, in particular aircraft structures. In accordance with this decision, the piezoelectric material is applied to the appropriate surface, which should be maintained free from ice. The available power supply is adapted so that whatever the source is, it is “converted” to alternating current. A microprocessor is provided, which, in accordance with the relevant parameters of the material used, provides current with an appropriate amplitude, duration, length and waveform, which provides the amount of movement to deform the piezoelectric material necessary to prevent ice formation. This mechanism of suppressing ice formation or ice removal is based on forced vibration of the piezoelectric material itself. This device requires power supplied to the target structure. Power is usually supplied through electrical wires.

The phenomenon is well known that, during compressor operation, synchronous and asynchronous vibrations of rotating blades are excited due to aerodynamic effects. Resonances in the blade can lead to significant problems, such as cracking due to vibration, which is the destruction of the compressor blades that threatens the entire system.

Swiss patent 704127 discloses a solution related to damping the vibrations of the blades in turbomachines by using the piezoelectric effect. This solution is based on the idea of converting the mechanical energy of vibrations of an oscillating blade into electrical energy and the subsequent conversion of this generated electrical energy into heat loss. In addition, this first operation of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy is performed by using the piezoelectric effect, namely, by firmly mounting at least one piezoelectric element in the blade, the vibrations of which must be damped. As a result of vibrations of the blade, the piezoelectric element is deformed, thereby creating an electrical voltage. When this element is embedded in an electric network with ohmic resistance, the created electric voltage causes an electric current that provides ohmic heat generation in the connected network.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem of the present invention is to develop a method and device for suppressing the formation of ice on the surface of the inlet structures of the turbomachine, in particular a gas turbine compressor, which avoids the disadvantages of the known solutions, are simple to use and have wide applicability.

One aspect of the present invention includes suppressing ice formation on a surface of a structure, namely, an inlet structure of a compressor, by using the vibrational characteristics of said structure to generate electrical energy by means of a piezoelectric element and converting this electrical energy into thermal energy and using this thermal energy to suppress ice formation by this design.

The invention provides a method of suppressing ice formation on the surface of a turbomachine structure during its operation, the method comprising at least the steps of piezoelectric conversion of the mechanical vibrational energy of the specified structure into electrical energy, converting the generated electric energy to thermal energy and supplying this thermal energy to at least parts of the structure.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the oscillation of the first structure, namely the rotating structure, is used to generate electrical energy by means of a piezoelectric element and to transmit at least a portion of this energy by non-contact transfer of energy directly or indirectly to a second structure, in particular a non-rotating structure, for converting transferred energy to thermal energy and for its use to suppress the formation of ice on this second construction ktsii.

According to a preferred embodiment, the rotating structure is the rotating vanes of the first stage of the compressor and the second structure are the vanes of the inlet guide apparatus and / or portions of the bell stator.

In accordance with another embodiment, the vibrational characteristics of the rotating structure are used to generate an electrical signal by means of a piezoelectric element, this signal is transmitted to the external energy supply system. Based on this signal, electrical energy is generated, this electrical energy is transmitted by non-contact transfer of energy to at least one or all non-rotating and / or rotating structures that must be kept free of ice. In receiving structures, the transferred energy is converted into thermal energy to suppress ice formation on these structures.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy is carried out by ohmic resistance.

The object of the invention is also a device for implementing the aforementioned method, comprising at least a housing (5) with an inlet section consisting of a bell (1), a rotor (4) surrounded by a housing (5), a row of vanes (2) of the inlet guide vane connected with a housing (5), and a series of rotating blades (3) connected to the rotor (4), with the bell (1), and / or at least one blade (2) of the input guide apparatus, and / or at least one a rotating blade (3) is equipped with a piezoelectric element (6) and an electric circuit (11), is connected with this piezoelectric element (6).

Another aspect of the present invention includes a piezoelectric element to be used on a structure, namely, on the input structure of a compressor, for generating electrical energy from mechanical energy and for converting this electrical energy into thermal energy to suppress the formation of ice on the surface of the structure.

According to a preferred embodiment, the piezoelectric element is connected to an electric circuit, and the electric circuit further comprises at least an ohmic resistance and / or a transmitter.

According to another aspect of the invention, an electric circuit at least comprising a piezoelectric element, an ohmic resistance and a transmitter is applied on the first structure, and an electric circuit at least comprising a receiver and an ohmic resistance is applied on the second structure, the transmitter of the first structure and the receiver of the second design is made with the possibility of non-contact energy transfer.

The first structure is preferably a rotating structure, in particular the rotating blades of the first stage, and the second structure is preferably a non-rotating structure, such as an inlet guide apparatus and / or portions of the bell stator.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a part of the rotating structure is provided with an electric circuit comprising a piezoelectric element, an ohmic resistance and a transmitter, the transmitter is configured to transmit a signal to an external energy supply system, the external energy supply system comprising a receiver for receiving said signal, an electrical power source for supplying power and a transmitter for contactlessly transmitting energy to the receiver, wherein at least one, preferably all of the structures, which should be kept free from ice, equipped with an electrical circuit, at least containing a receiver, designed to receive electrical energy from the external energy supply system by means of contactless energy transfer, and ohmic resistance, designed to convert the received energy into thermal energy for heating these structures.

In accordance with yet another aspect, more than one piezoelectric element is applied on a separate structure, wherein said more than one piezoelectric element is tuned to one or more resonant frequencies. This measure allows the use of various resonant frequencies of “icy” structures.

In accordance with another aspect, the piezoelectric element (6) and the electric circuit (11) connected to the piezoelectric element (6) are made in the form of a module, and at least one similar module is applied on one of the structures (1, 2, 3) .

In accordance with another aspect, the module further comprises an ohmic resistance (7) and / or a transmitter (8).

In accordance with another aspect, an electrical circuit (12) containing at least a resistance (7) and a receiver (10) is made in the form of a module, and at least one similar module is applied to one of the structures (1, 2, 3) .

Brief Description of the Drawings

Additional characteristics and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the description of preferred embodiments of the invention, illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the inlet of an axial compressor in accordance with the prior art;

FIG. 2 shows in more detail the inlet area of an axial compressor in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3a, 3b illustrate alternative embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 schematically shows an inlet section of an axial compressor of a gas turbine installation comprising a housing 5 and a rotor 4 surrounded by said housing 5. The rotor 4 rotates about a longitudinal axis 14. An annular flow channel is formed between the inner loop of the housing 5 and the outer loop of the rotor 4. Rotating blades attached to the rotor 4, and guide vanes attached to the housing 5, alternately protrude into this flow channel. Reference numeral 2 in FIG. 1 refers to the vanes of the inlet guide vane and reference numeral 3 refers to the rotating vanes of the first compressor stage. Ambient air enters the compressor through the bell 1. Additional components, such as a filtration system and struts, can be located in this section.

Under the nominal operating mode of the compressor with the rotor speed Ω of rotor 4, the rotating compressor disks in an assembly are structurally free of a resonance system under conditions of harmonic rotational excitations kΩ, where k denotes the order of the motor form, changing as 1, 2, 3, ... ∞. Rotational excitation determines the uneven distribution of air pressure along the direction along the circumference of the bladed compressor disks. At the compressor inlet, this pressure change is mainly due to the asymmetric geometry of the inlet, the number of bell struts and blades 2 of the inlet guide apparatus, as well as other reasons, such as, for example, ovalization of the compressor housing 5. In addition, the excitation of the rotating blades 3 can be caused by a non-synchronous excitation effect, similar to acoustic excitation, which is quite rare. In the design process, a Campbell diagram is used to determine the possible excitation of a rotating bladed disk. In addition, depending on the design principles, non-synchronous excitation can also be considered on the Campbell diagram. On the Campbell diagram at a nominal rotation frequency Ω _{n, the} natural frequency ω _{1 of the} blade with the form of oscillation i must be between the lines of synchronous and non-synchronous excitation in order to avoid resonances. Typically, rotating blades are configured to operate without resonance up to a 6th or even higher order k motor shape. The excitation of non-rotating guide vanes 2 can be caused by a non-synchronous excitation if the excitation frequency e is equal to the natural frequency ω _{vi of} oscillations in the form of oscillations i as a criterion for the excitation of individual vanes and guide vanes.

As mentioned earlier in the description, ice deposits are formed mainly on the surfaces of the socket 1, the blades 2 of the inlet guide vanes and, to a lesser extent, on the rotating blades 3 of the first compressor stage. As for the vibrations of the blades, the ice distributed on these structures causes an increase in their total mass by Δm and a decrease in the natural frequency ω _{i, Δm} according to $${\omega }_{i,\Delta m}=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2\pi }\sqrt{\frac{k_i}{m_i+\Delta m},}$$

where k _i and m _i denote the effective stiffness and mass involved in vibrations with vibration form i, which can be determined by known analytical formulas for the main vibration form i = 1, in which the blade is considered as one degree of freedom by means of an equivalent mass-spring system . For waveforms exceeding 1, the finite element method (FEM) can be applied, and in this case, the vibration frequency of the ice blades is expressed by the formula

, i>1. $${\omega }_{i,\Delta m}=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2\pi }\sqrt{\frac{k_i}{m_{i,M+\Delta m}}}$$

, i> 1.

In the theory of FEM, the effective modal stiffness and mass involved in vibrations with vibration form i are expressed as

k _i = {ϕ _i } ^T [K (x, y, z)] {ϕ _i }

m _{i, M + Δm} = {ϕ _i } ^T ([M (x, y, z)] + [Δm (x, y, z)]) {ϕ _i },

where k (x, y, z), M (x, y, z) are the global stiffness of the mechanical component, depending on its three-dimensional geometry (x, y, z) and mechanical properties similar to Young's modulus (tensile modulus) , Poisson's ratio and material density, depending on other physical parameters, such as temperature T and rotation frequency Ω. In the above equations (3) - (4), the vector {ϕ ₁ } represents the form of oscillations i (relative vibration of the system) obtained from the calculation of the free vibrations of the finite element, given in open literature.

The matrix [Δm (x, y, z)] of ice masses is obtained from operating experience or through the use of multiphase systems simulation using computational gas dynamics (CFD) methods to determine the growth process on the component of interest. A map of the process of ice buildup can be created using experimental and numerical methods with respect to the vibrational state of the machine component of interest.

As ice builds up on the rotating blade 3 of the compressor, its frequency decreases and coincides with the nearest harmonic or non-harmonic excitation. For example, the frequency ω _{2 of a} blade for a rotating blade with ice “enters into resonance” with a 3Ω order of motor shape or (ε + 2Ω) at a nominal frequency of rotation Ω.

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of an apparatus for suppressing ice formation on structures (1, 2, 3) of an inlet of an axial compressor in accordance with the present invention. This compressor may be an integral part of a stationary gas turbine installation. The compressor comprises a housing 5 and a rotor 4. As a rule, axial compressors are multi-stage turbomachines with a number of rows of rotating blades connected to the rotor 4 and fixed guide vanes connected to the housing 5. FIG. 2 schematically shows the first compressor stage with vanes 2 of the input guide vane and rotating vanes 3 on the rotor 4. Between the casing 5 and the rotor 4 there is an annular flow channel for compressing air, which enters the compressor through the bell 1. At least one compressor blade 3 is provided a piezoelectric element 6, which is firmly embedded in the profile of the at least one blade 3, for example, by soldering or welding. In the blade 3, the piezoelectric element is connected to a circuit 11, including a resistance 7 and a transmitter 8.

During operation, the frequency of the rotating blade 3 with ice coincides with harmonic and / or non-harmonic excitation, and the profile begins to vibrate. The oscillations are transmitted in the form of mechanical energy to the piezoelectric element 6, the deformation of which leads to the occurrence of electrical voltage. As a result of this, an electric current flows in the circuit 11 through the resistance 7 and the transmitter 8. The resistance 7 generates heat to heat the rotating blade 3. The transmitter 8, made with the possibility of non-contact transfer of energy, transfers part of the energy generated by the piezoelectric element 6 through the receiver 10 of the electric circuit 12, built into the blade 2 and the bell 1. The chains 12 in the guide blade 2 and the bell 1 are equipped with the indicated receiver 10, designed to receive energy from the transmitter 8, and a resistance 7, designed for converting the resulting energy into heat.

All resistances 7 must generate thermal energy, which is equal to the latent heat necessary to ensure the transition of ice from a solid state to a liquid state, which can be determined based on operating experience or obtained on the basis of analysis using computational gas dynamics (CFD) methods.

The generation of thermal energy can be controlled by the volume of the piezoelectric material 6 embedded in the blade and the resistance values.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the circuits 11 with elements of piezoelectric material 6 can also be integrated into some or all of the guide vanes 2 and / or in the construction of the socket 1, since it is expected that these structures will also undergo resonant vibrations under “icing conditions” ".

In addition, these non-rotating constructions 1, 2 can be performed for the case of resonance for operation in "icing conditions".

If the energy generated by the piezoelectric element 6 due to the oscillation amplitudes of the blade 3 is too small or is generated for a period of time too short to effectively heat the respective structures 1, 2, 3, an additional embodiment of the invention is proposed based on the use of an additional external supply device 16 energy as shown in FIG. 3a and 3b. In this case, a certain number of rotating blades 3, for example from one to five, is equipped with a piezoelectric element 6, while this element acts as an ice formation sensor. Since the equipped rotating blade 3 starts to oscillate with the resonant frequency of interest, the built-in piezoelectric element 6 generates an electrical voltage, as a result of which a current flows in the connected electrical circuit 17. Depending on the parameters of this current, the transmitter 8 transmits a signal 18 to the receiver 10 ′ of the specified external energy supply device 16. In addition to the receiver 10 ′, the external energy supply device 16 consists of a power supply system 19 for supplying electrical energy, and a transmitter 13 for transmitting this energy to the heating circuit receiver 10. Additional elements that could improve the performance of the entire system may be included in this device 16 of the supply of external energy depending on the structural and functional requirements, such as energy storage, energy storage and others. The transmitter 13 of the external energy device 16 transmits electric energy wirelessly to all the receivers 10 of the heating circuits 12 that are integrated in those structures that are at risk of ice formation, such as a bell 1, stator guide vanes 2, rotary vanes 3, as illustrated in FIG. 3b. Depending on the design and load requirements, the circuits 12 can be attached to the outer or inner surfaces of structures 1, 2, 3 or integrated into the wall of these structures. Through the resistance of 7 circuits 12, the resulting electrical energy is converted into thermal energy, which causes the ice to melt on the equipped structure. Instead of resistances 7, other equivalent elements can be used to improve this process.

As is known per se, see, for example, the cited Swiss patent 704127, additional electrical components like inductors and capacitors can be used to increase the energy flow, for example, by forming a resonant circuit.

You can do without the resistance 7 that produces thermal energy in the circuit 11 in the rotating blades 3, if the heat generated by the upstream, non-rotating structures 1, 2 is released in an amount large enough to heat the passing air to such an extent that ice formation on surfaces of structures located downstream are suppressed.

In addition, various resonant frequencies of the structures at risk may be taken into account. In one design 1, 2, 3 in accordance with the invention, more than one piezoelectric element 6 can be used, while these piezoelectric elements 6 are tuned to one or more resonant frequencies.

Energy transfer in circuits 11, 12, 16, 17 and between circuits 11, 12, 16, 17 can occur in an analog way, as well as through the use of induction, capacitive, electromagnetic phenomena and in digital form, if possible. The connections between the piezoelectric material 6, the resistance 7, the transmitter 8 and the receiver 10 and other elements not specified in this document can be made using wires 9, but in the alternative, can be wireless.

The installation of these systems in structures of interest can be accomplished using various bonding technologies, such as soldering, welding, gluing, etc. More details regarding assembly / mounting technologies and the locations of the piezoelectric material 6 are disclosed in the aforementioned Swiss patent publication 704127.

The piezoelectric material 6 can be used for low, moderate and maximum vibrational loads with one waveform or several waveforms. The superposition of all these oscillations can be taken into account to optimize the location of the piezoelectric element, taking into account the best behavior of the entire system during its life. If possible, the described devices 11, 12, 17 can be applied on the outer and / or on the inner surface of the respective structures 1, 2, 3 or built into the wall of these structures.

The system in accordance with the invention is activated itself when ice deposits form on the surface of the structure, the frequency of which in this case decreases. But other activation mechanisms of the system according to the invention can be taken into account, for example, a large centrifugal load acting on the profile due to the presence of an additional mass of ice.

In addition, the system in accordance with the invention can be activated by changing the rotation frequency Ω of the machine, which is an essential parameter for a machine operating with a variable speed. In this case, the system is semi-controllable and is activated by monitoring the conditions of ice formation and / or provides detection of ice buildup, or is activated taking into account the environmental conditions determined by the temperature and / or ambient pressure. In addition, other parameters that affect the performance of the machine can be used to determine and change the speed and subsequent activation of the ice suppression system in accordance with the invention.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the solution in accordance with the invention does not affect the performance of the compressor, and it requires only a negligible amount of electrical energy.

List of Reference Items

1 bell

2 paddle inlet guide vane

3 rotating blade

4 rotor

5 building

6 piezoelectric element

7 resistance

8 transmitter

9 wire

10, 10 ′ receiver

11 electric circuit

12 electric circuit

13 transmitter

14 central axis

16 external energy supply device

17 ice formation sensor

19 power supply

Claims (24)

1. A method of suppressing ice formation on the surface of a turbomachine structure during operation, the method includes at least the steps of piezoelectric conversion of the mechanical vibrational energy of the specified structure (1, 2, 3) into electrical energy, converting the generated electrical energy to thermal energy and supplying this thermal energy to at least a part of the structure (1, 2, 3), characterized in that it also includes the steps of transferring part of the energy generated by the piezoelectric method directly to at least another part of the structure (1, 2, 3) for local conversion of the transferred energy to thermal energy or to an external energy supply system configured to re-transmit energy to at least part of the structure (1, 2, 3) for local conversion of transferred energy to thermal energy. 2. The method according to claim 1, comprising firmly attaching at least one piezoelectric element (6) to the specified structure (1, 2, 3) and connecting the piezoelectric element (6) with an electrical circuit (11) containing ohmic resistance ( 7). 3. The method according to p. 1, in which mechanical vibrations of the structure (1, 2, 3) lead to the deformation of the piezoelectric element (6), resulting in the conversion of the mechanical energy of the vibrations of the structure (1, 2, 3) into electrical voltage, initiating electric current in the connected electric circuit (11), the conversion of electric current into thermal energy in ohmic resistance (7) and the supply of this thermal energy to at least part of the structure (1, 2, 3). 4. The method according to claim 2, in which the electrical circuit (11) further comprises a transmitter (8). 5. The method according to claim 4, in which the electric circuit (11) of the first design (1, 2, 3) at least comprises a piezoelectric element (6), a resistance (7) and a transmitter (8), and in which the electric circuit ( 12) the second design (1, 2, 3) at least contains a receiver (10) and a resistance (7), and in which the transmitter (8) of the circuit (11) and the receiver (10) of the circuit (12) are configured to transmit energy through contactless energy transfer. 6. The method according to claim 5, in which the first design is a rotating blade (3), and the second design is a blade (2) of the input guide apparatus and / or a part of the stator of the socket (1). 7. The method according to claim 4, in which the transmitter (8) of the electrical circuit (11) is configured to transmit a signal to the receiver (10 ′) of the external energy supply system (16). 8. The method according to claim 7, in which the external energy supply device (16) comprises at least a receiver (10 ′), a power source (19) and a transmitter (13) for non-contact energy transmission. 9. The method according to p. 8, in which the transmitter (13) of the external energy supply system (16) transmits energy by contactless transfer of energy to at least one receiver (10) of electrical circuits (12) that are used for structures (1, 2, 3), and the received signals are converted into heat by means of resistances (7). 10. The method according to p. 9, in which the device (16) for supplying external energy transmits power to all electrical circuits (12) used for structures (1, 2, 3). 11. The method according to one of paragraphs. 1-10, in which the transfer of energy in electrical circuits (11, 12, 16) is at least partially based on a wireless method. 12. The method according to p. 1, in which more than one piezoelectric element (6) is used on one design (1, 2, 3) and in which these more than one piezoelectric elements (6) are tuned to one or more resonant frequencies. 13. The method according to p. 12, in which the turbomachine is a compressor of a stationary gas turbine plant for generating energy, and the design of the turbomachine is an input design of the compressor. 14. A device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising at least a housing (5) with an inlet section consisting of a bell (1), a rotor (4) surrounded by a housing (5), a series of vanes (2) of the input guide apparatus, connected to the housing (5), and a series of rotating blades (3) connected to the rotor (4), with the bell (1), and / or at least one blade (2) of the input guide apparatus, and / or at least one rotating blade (3) is equipped with a piezoelectric element (6) and an electric circuit (11) connected to this piezoelectric element (6), characterized in that the electric circuit (11) is applied on the first structure (1, 2, 3) and also contains a transmitter (8) for transmitting part of the energy generated by the piezoelectric method directly to the second structure (1, 2, 3) for local conversion of the transferred energy into thermal energy or to an external energy supply system configured to re-transmit energy to at least a portion of the structure (1, 2, 3) for local conversion of the transferred energy to thermal energy. 15. The device according to claim 14, in which the electrical circuit (11) includes at least an ohmic resistance (7). 16. The device according to p. 15, in which the electrical circuit (11), including the piezoelectric element (6), the ohmic resistance (7) and the transmitter (8), is firmly attached to at least one rotating blade (3), and / or to at least one blade (2) of the inlet guide apparatus, and / or to the body, and / or to the spacer of the socket (1). 17. The device according to p. 16, in which the electric circuit (11) containing the piezoelectric element (6), the ohmic resistance (7) and the transmitter (8), is applied to at least one rotating blade (3), and in which the electric a circuit (12) comprising ohmic resistance (7) and a receiver (10) is applied to at least one blade (2) of the inlet guide apparatus and / or to the housing and / or to spacer the bell (1), and in which the transmitter (8) of the electrical circuit (11) and the receiver (10) of the electrical circuit (12) are configured to transmit energy a means of non-contact energy transfer. 18. The device according to p. 16, in which an electric circuit (11) containing a piezoelectric element (6), an ohmic resistance (7) and a transmitter (8) is applied to at least one rotating blade (3) and in which the transmitter ( 8) is configured to transmit a signal to a receiver (10 ′) of the external energy supply system (16). 19. The device according to claim 18, in which the external energy supply system (16) comprises at least a receiver (10 ′), an electric power source (19) and a transmitter (9) for contactlessly transmitting energy to the electric circuit receivers (10) (12) . 20. The device according to p. 19, in which at least one of the rotating blades (3) and / or blades (2) of the input guide apparatus, and / or the housing, and / or spacers of the socket (1) are equipped with an electric circuit (12) including a receiver (10) and resistance (7). 21. The device according to claim 14, in which the piezoelectric element (6) and the electric circuit (11) connected to the piezoelectric element (6) are made in the form of a module and at least one similar module is applied on one of the structures (1, 2 , 3). 22. The device according to p. 21, in which the module further comprises an ohmic resistance (7) and / or a transmitter (8). 23. The device according to p. 21, in which the electrical circuit (12), containing at least a resistance (7) and a receiver (10), is made in the form of a module and at least one similar module is used on one of the structures (1, 2 , 3). 24. The device according to claim 17, in which electrical circuits (11, 12) or corresponding modules including these circuits (11, 12) are applied to the outer surface or inner surface of structures (1, 2, 3) or they are built-in into the wall of these structures (1, 2, 3).

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