RU2598506C1 - Wind electric generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: energy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wind power engineering, specifically to magnetoelectric generation using energy of air flow for rotation. Wind power generator comprises a permanent magnet on rotor and one induction coil on stator, and is equipped with a single segment of generator, which includes a hollow metal cylinder, outer surface of which is coated with a non-polar dielectric, inner volume of cylinder is divided into working zone and charge accumulation zone by an insulating disc, inside charge accumulation zone there is a device for supply of negative charge to surface of metal cylinder from a low-current high-voltage source, inside working zone of single segment generator coaxially to cylinder on insulating disc there is a capacitor with external and internal plates, and a transformer, primary winding of which by one end is connected to inner surface of working zone of cylinder of single segment, by other end with external capacitor plate, induction coil is located outside working zone of single segment of generator, internal plate of capacitor is connected to one end of winding of induction coil, second end of winding of induction coil is free and is insulated by non-polar dielectric, ends of secondary transformer winding are brought through insulating disc and charge accumulation zone outside cylinder and connected to terminals of a load.

EFFECT: decreased force counteracting magnetic fields in wind electric generator.

8 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of wind energy, namely to magnetoelectric generation, which uses the energy of the air flow for rotation, and can be used in wind turbines to generate alternating current.

A wind generator is known comprising a wind wheel mounted on a shaft and a magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which is made in the form of two disks with permanent magnets uniformly placed on them, a fixed stator between the rotor disks with inductors uniformly located on it (RF patent No. 2518152, IPC F03D 9/00 published on 06/10/2014). In this wind generator, when a load current occurs, the rotation of the rotor of the generator is inhibited due to the counteraction of the magnetic field that induces the EMF of the induction and the magnetic field of the current arising from the EMF, when the load is connected and a closed loop is formed in accordance with the Faraday law and the Lenz rule. This counteraction to the rotation of the rotor affects the efficiency of the installation and with a weak wind load and high current consumption leads to a stop of its blades. Therefore, there is a problem of increasing the efficiency of wind turbines and reducing the opposition of magnetic fields.

A wind generator is also known (RF application No.2010149279, IPC F03D 1/06, published July 27, 2012), in which work was done to increase the efficiency of wind turbines. The wind generator includes front and rear blades (2) and (10), which are axially connected to the corresponding front and rear ends of the main body (1) mounted on the mast post (30) of a certain height, so that they rotate in opposite directions relative to each other facing the wind, a plurality of permanent magnets (7) rotating using a torque transmitted from the front blade (2), and a coil body (22) rotating in the opposite direction to the permanent magnets (7) using a rotation moment the transmission transmitted from the rear blade (10), while the permanent magnets and the coil body are installed in the main body (1). The spider (6) is installed in the middle of the front shaft (3), and the permanent magnets (7) are installed on the outer diameter of the spider (6) at certain intervals, and the rotating case (20) is connected on its inner side (21) to the front shaft (3) using a bearing (27a) so that permanent magnets (7) are located on it. The coil housing (22) is mounted on the outside of the rotating housing (20) opposite the permanent magnets (7). However, such an installation still has a low efficiency, which differs little from the efficiency of other analogues and in which the value of the induced counter-emf is large, which prevents the rotation of the rotor. The described wind generator is selected as the closest analogue.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the wind generator.

The technical result is to reduce the magnitude of the counteracting magnetic fields.

The problem is solved and the technical result is implemented in a wind generator containing at least one permanent magnet mounted on the rotor with the possibility of rotation from the blade, and at least one induction coil mounted on a fixed stator.

The difference between the wind generator and the prototype is the following.

- The wind generator is supplemented by at least one single segment of the generator;

- A single segment may be one or more depending on the required generator power;

- A single segment of the generator is mounted on a fixed platform made of a dielectric;

- Each single segment of the generator can be located both coaxially with the rotor magnets and outside their axis;

- A single segment of the generator includes a hollow metal cylinder, the outer surface of which is coated with a non-polar dielectric;

- The internal volume of the cylinder of a single segment is divided into two zones: the working zone and the zone of charge accumulation by an insulating dielectric disk mounted inside the cylinder with its plane perpendicular to its axis. The dielectric disk serves to isolate the charge accumulation zone from the influence of an electric field arising in the working area;

- Inside the charge accumulation zone, a device for supplying a negative charge to the surface of the metal cylinder of a single segment of the generator from a low-current source of high voltage is installed;

- The charge supply device can be made in the form of a Van de Graaff generator, described, for example, in (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki) or other functionally similar device;

- Inside, in the center of the working area of the unit segment of the generator, coaxial to the cylinder of the unit segment, is located, an end face on the insulating disk, axial capacitor, design, for example, described in (http://hightolow.ru/capacitor2.php) or the like, with an external and the inner linings, while the outer is considered to be the lining closest to the inner surface of the cylinder of a single segment;

- The width of the axial capacitor plates is not more than the height of the working area of the cylinder of a single segment;

- In the working area of the cylinder of a single segment, between its inner surface and the axial capacitor, a transformer is placed and rigidly fixed to the insulating dielectric disk;

- The primary winding of the transformer at one end is connected to the inner surface of the working area of the cylinder of a single segment, the other is connected to the outer lining of the axial capacitor;

- The induction coil can be made with or without a core; the gap between the magnet and the coil is minimal for the most complete use of the magnetic field of the magnet;

- The induction coil is located outside the working area of a single segment of the generator;

- The number of magnets or induction coils is greater than the number of induction coils or magnets per unit if there is more than one coil. This allows you to neutralize the increasing, with the number of coils and magnets, the strength of their mutual attraction with the equality of their number.

- If the coils are coreless, and its turns are made of a non-magnetic conductor (copper, aluminum), then the number of magnets is equal to the number of coils. The use of a coil without a core is possible, but the efficiency of the “magnet-coil” pair by the magnetic permeability of the core “µ” will be less;

- The inner lining of the axial capacitor is connected to one of the ends of the winding of the induction coil;

- The second end of the winding of the induction coil is free, not connected to anything and insulated by a non-polar dielectric;

- The ends of the secondary winding of the transformer are brought out through the insulating dielectric disk and the charge accumulation zone outside the cylinder and are connected to the load terminals.

Thus, the load of the wind generator is connected not to the induction coil, as in the known technical solutions, but to the secondary winding of the transformer of a single segment. The current required to power the load arises due to the design of a single segment and the negative charge previously introduced into it. The EMF arising in the induction coil is used to control the negative charge of a single segment. The control is carried out by the potential arising at the ends of the winding of the induction coil at zero current in it.

The design of a single segment and its use to ensure the open circuit of the induction coil of a wind generator is unknown. The result of this use is unknown - a decrease in the magnitude of the counter-magnetic force in the wind generator.

A device is known for supplying a charge to a metal spherical surface from a low-current high voltage source — the Van de Graaff electrostatic generator as a high voltage generator, the principle of which is based on the electrification of a moving dielectric tape and the sphere serves as a charge storage device. The accumulation of charge on the sphere is due to the skin effect. The value of the charge concentrated on it allows you to get a voltage of up to 1 MVolt (see https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki, article "Van de Graaff Generator"). However, the result of using a generator to reduce the counteraction of magnetic fields in electric generators and increase the efficiency of wind turbines is unknown.

In FIG. 1 shows a variant of a wind generator, the rotor of which is made in the form of two disks with fixed magnets fixed to them, between which induction coils are located on the stator. The stator is mounted on a platform with single generator segments. In FIG. Figure 2 shows a single segment with a Van de Graaff generator in the charge storage zone.

The wind generator contains two rotor disks 1 mounted on an axis 2 associated with a wind turbine blade (the blade is not shown). Permanent magnets 3 (neodymium N52) from one to several are mounted on the disks 1 of the rotor, depending on the required generator power. The orientation of the poles of the magnets is any, but of the same type, unidirectional. The rotor disk may be one or two, as in FIG. 1 or more. Between the magnets 3 on the stator 4, the induction coils 5 are fixedly mounted in the area of action of the magnets. The gap between the core of the coil 5 and the magnet 3 is minimal to reduce the loss of the influence of the magnetic field on the coil. The number of magnets 2 is equal to the number of induction coils 5, and they are installed coaxially if the coils are made without a core, and their turns are made of a non-magnetic conductor (copper, aluminum). If there is a core in the coils, then the number of magnets and coils is excellent by one, and there will be a misalignment in the arrangement of the coils and magnets relative to each other, which will compensate for the mutual attraction of the magnets and core coils.

The unit segment 6 of the generator in the cylindrical housing is mounted coaxially or misaligned with the permanent magnet 3, as in FIG. 1, on a fixed dielectric platform 7. An insulating dielectric disk 8 (Fig. 2) divides the cylinder of a single segment 6 of the generator into two zones: a charge accumulation zone 9 and a working zone 10, without violating the integrity of the cylinder. Unit segments 6 may be one or more depending on the required generator power. The outer surface of the cylinder of a single segment 6 is covered with a non-polar dielectric. The thickness of the dielectric coating of the cylinder depends on the design value of the accumulated charge / power of a single segment of the generator and can be 2.5-4 cm.

The inner 11 cylindrical surface of a single segment of the generator is provided with a current collector 12 in the charge storage zone 9. The current collector 12 is made in the form of a brush for removing charge from the dielectric tape 13. The tape 13 is made with an intermittent metal coating of its surface from the outside to hold charges on it. A dielectric tape 13 is mounted on the rollers 14, as shown in FIG. 2, with the possibility of movement, for which a microelectric motor is provided, the shaft of which is connected through a dielectric coupling (not shown) to the lower roller. The upper roller 14 is made of dielectric material, the lower one is made of conductive material and is also equipped with a current collector for supplying negative charges from a low-current high voltage source. The connection point of such a source in FIG. 2 is indicated by the signs “+” and “-”. As shown in FIG. 2, the direction of movement of the tape is indicated counterclockwise. The current collector 12 is rigidly connected to the inner surface of the cylinder 11 with electrical contact with it and flexibly with the tape with the possibility of removing charge from the surface of the intermittent metal coating of the tape 13. The charge accumulation zone 9 is a Van de Graaff generator, as shown in FIG. 2, and its task is to transfer to the surface of the cylinder a negative charge from a low-current source of high voltage. The Van de Graaff generator concentrates the negative charge received from a low-current source of high voltage on the surface of cylinder 6.

An axial capacitor 15 with two plates 16 and 17 is coaxially aligned with the cylinder 6 on the dielectric disk 8 in the working zone 10 and the plates 16 and 17 of the capacitor 15 are each made of a thin and wide metal tape, for example, aluminum foil, no more than the height of the working zone 10. The plates 16 and 17 of the capacitor 15 are axially twisted, and one of the plates, for example 16, is external, and the second 17, internal. In the working area 10 between the inner surface of the cylinder 11 and the axial capacitor 15 is placed and rigidly mounted on the dielectric disk 8 of the transformer 18. The primary winding of the transformer 18 connects the cylindrical surface 6 with the outer lining 16 of the capacitor 15. The inner lining 17 of the capacitor 15 is connected to one end of the induction winding 5 core coils. The coil 5 is located outside the working zone 10 of a single segment, above it, between the permanent magnets 3. The ends of the secondary winding of the transformer 18 are brought out through the disk 8 and the charge accumulation zone 9 and connected to the load terminals 19. The stator 4 is rigidly connected to the platform 7 using racks 20.

The charge supply device can be performed in another embodiment, not in the form of a Van de Graaff generator, see, for example, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tui2pUDg7ao, an electrification device. This option is possible, but the design will be more complex.

Wind generator operates as follows.

From a high voltage voltage source using a Van de Graaff generator, a typical accumulation of negative electric charge occurs on the outer cylindrical surface 11 of a single segment 6 of the generator. Because on the outside, the cylinder 11 is covered with a layer of non-polar dielectric, there is practically no “drainage” of charge. The charge is accumulated and distributed over the entire surface of the cylinder 11 of a single segment. Upon reaching a certain amount of charge, which can be calculated according to the readings of the CT-01 device, and the rotation of the rotor 1 of the wind generator with a permanent magnet 3 installed on it, the following occurs. Flying over the coil 5, the permanent magnet 3 induces an induction emf in it, as a result of which a potential difference is induced at the ends of the winding of the coil 5, due to the presence of plus and minus charges. The induced positive charge is supplied to the inner plate 17 of the capacitor 15 electrically connected to the coil winding. As a result of the electrification, a force is induced on the plate 16, which leads to the overflow of the negative charge introduced to the cylinder 11 to the outer plate 16 of the capacitor 15, i.e. to the occurrence of current from a cylindrical surface 11 to the outer lining 16 of the capacitor 15. Since Since the EMF effect is pulsed due to the movement of the permanent magnet 3 and the temporary influence of its field on the induction coil 5, then after the termination of its action, the potential difference at the ends of its winding disappears. As a result, the positive charge induced on the plate 17 of the capacitor 15 also disappears, which leads to the flow of a negative charge from the outer plate 16 of the capacitor 15 to the surface of the cylinder 11 of the unit segment 6 of the generator. There is a reverse current from 16 to 11. The alternating movement of the negative charge along the primary winding of the transformer 18 allows you to remove the load from the alternating voltage and current in the terminals 19. In this case, due to the lack of induction current in the coil 5 of the opposing magnetic field, which would slow down the rotation of the rotor of the wind generator, arises, due to which its efficiency increases sharply.

When the magnets and the induction coils with the core are equal, they are attracted to each other, and a sufficiently strong torque is needed to rotate the rotor to move relative to the stator. If the number of magnets is more or less than one coil, then when there is a misalignment of the location of the magnets and coils relative to each other along an arc of a circle, an offset occurs in the arrangement of the cores and magnets. Thus, with a minimum distance between the coil and the magnet, a conventionally attracted first pair (magnet + core) is attracted; while other pairs, trying also to be attracted, will prevent the attraction of the first pair. The magnet left without a pair will also tend to be attracted to the nearest core and due to this, compensation will occur. The force of gravity is not concentrated at the locations of the pairs, but is distributed throughout the entire circumference.

It is known that, according to the Faraday law, the induction EMF that arises in a conducting circuit depends on the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the area bounded by this circuit and is written in the form of the formula

The Lenz rule is also known, which states that "The induction current arising in a closed conductive circuit has such a direction that the magnetic field created by it counteracts the change in magnetic flux that caused this current."

Note the phrase "current arising in a closed conductive circuit" and "counteracts".

The magnitude of the opposing magnetic flux depends on the magnitude of the current arising in the conductive circuit, and is written by the formula.

F = LI,

where L is the inductance of the circuit. Since the induction current created due to the emf of induction in the circuit is the current causing the counteracting magnetic flux in the same circuit, and the circuit inductance is the same in both cases, it can be neglected in a qualitative analysis of the magnitude of the counteraction. Thus, the magnitude of the opposing magnetic flux depends on the magnitude of the current flowing in the circuit. This is confirmed by the experience with the Lenz device (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVN1m-dPMPw), where in the case of a solid ring the current in the circuit is maximum (the reaction is maximum), and in the case of a broken circuit it is zero (there is no reaction) . In practice, this leads to counteraction of the rotation of the generator rotor in the presence of a load current. If the generator has a load, an external force must be applied to maintain current. The smaller the load current, the less the applied force and vice versa.

Since a permanent magnet can be represented as a closed circuit with a current of I ₁ , and the load current flowing in the circuit of an induction coil as I ₂ , the strength of their interaction is determined by the formula

F = k 2I ₁ I ₂ / b,

where k is the coefficient of proportionality;

b is the distance between the contours.

(see https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ article "Ampere's Law")

The force “F” is the counteraction force, which prevents the contours from drawing closer together, and removing them when removed.

In traditional wind generators, the load current is limited by the minimum kinetic energy of the wind at which overcoming the opposing magnetic field is possible. Since kinetic energy is more dependent on speed, it follows that the higher the wind speed, the greater the load current we can get. As a result, we get the corresponding power.

The classic formula of the theoretically possible power of a wind generator is as follows:

P = pSv ^3/2,

where p is the density of air;

S - swept area of the blades;

v is the wind speed.

In practice, the actual received power does not exceed 30-45% of the theoretical. Such a low efficiency depends on the design of the wind turbine, but to a greater extent on the presence of counteraction in the wind generator itself when the load is connected to it (http://rotozeev.net/page/kpd-vetrogeneratora).

In our case, only the induction emf is present, the counteracting induction current does not occur due to the open circuit of the induction coil 5, as in the case of a broken ring. The load current is formed due to the design of a single segment and the preliminary charge of the required value introduced onto its cylindrical metal surface. This value is calculated and is calculated from the readings of the CT-01 device or a similar electric field strength meter and the required power requirement.

Since power is the energy spent per unit of time, we operate with the value of the electric field energy defined by the formula

W = Qφ / 2

where Q is the magnitude of the charge on the cylinder,

φ is the potential on the cylinder.

The magnitude of the tension depends on the magnitude of the electric charge. Formula

E = Q / 2πε ₀ Rl

is a classic for determining the tension on the surface of a cylinder. Formula

φ = Qln (1 / R) / 2πε ₀ l

also classical and determines the potential on the surface of the cylinder. The value of φ makes it possible to calculate the thickness of the dielectric on the outside of the cylinder through its dielectric strength. The calculated value of the preliminary charge is provided by the design of a single segment, and its inclusion in the circuit of the conductive circuit, in which the induction emf occurs, makes it possible to obtain a load current similar to the traditional inclusion, but without an opposing magnetic flux.

The current I ₂ in the proposed design is zero, since only one of the two terminals of the coil is involved, the circuit circuit of the coil 5 is not closed, therefore, the interaction force (F = k 2I ₁ I ₂ / b) is zero. This fact, as shown by the author’s experiments, leads to an increase in the efficiency of the wind power plant up to 70-90%.

Claims (8)

1. The wind generator containing at least one permanent magnet mounted on the rotor with the possibility of rotation, and at least one induction coil mounted on the stator, characterized in that the wind generator is supplemented by at least one single segment of the generator mounted on a fixed platform, made of a dielectric, a single segment of the generator includes a hollow metal cylinder, the outer surface of which is coated with a non-polar dielectric, the internal volume of qi the unit segment indra is divided into two zones: the working area and the charge storage zone with an insulating dielectric disk installed inside the cylinder with its plane perpendicular to its axis; a negative charge device is installed inside the charge storage zone to supply the surface of the metal cylinder of a single generator segment from a low-current high voltage source, inside the working area of a single segment of the generator coaxial to its cylinder on the insulating disk is a capacitor with external and internal masonry, a transformer is installed in the working area of the cylinder of the unit segment, the primary winding of the transformer is connected at one end to the inner surface of the working area of the cylinder of the unit, the other - to the external lining of the capacitor, the induction coil is located outside the working area of the unit segment of the generator, the internal lining of the capacitor is connected to one of the ends of the winding of the induction coil, the second end of the winding of the induction coil is made free and insulated by a non-polar dielectric, the ends are secondary transformer winding are led through the insulating dielectric disc and the charge storage area outside of the cylinder and connected to the load terminals. 2. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the charge supply device is made in the form of a Van de Graaff generator. 3. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the capacitor is made axial. 4. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the capacitor plates is not more than the height of the working zone of the cylinder of a single segment. 5. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the transformer is installed between the inner surface of the cylinder of a single segment of the generator and the capacitor. 6. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil is made without a core and with turns of a non-magnetic conductor, and the number of magnets is equal to the number of coils. 7. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the induction coil is made with a core, the number of coils is more than one and the number of magnets is greater than the number of induction coils per unit. 8. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the induction coil is made with a core, the number of coils is more than one and the number of induction coils is more than the number of magnets per unit.

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