RU2594149C1 - Method of heat supply with reconstruction of underground networks and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: energy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat engineering and public utilities and can be used in repair and modernisation of heat supply systems of cities with trenchless replacement of old underground heat supply networks. Additional heating is performed in entrances of apartment buildings with arrangement at entrance and apartments through hot water or heat meters, shutdown valves, flexible pipes inside apartments and movable additional heating radiators. Heating modes from both heat sources are controlled by associated double programmable control from inadmissible freezing of pipes of centralised heating to mode of independent heating of apartment and entrance, mainly, with independent source, and in case of insufficient power of independent heating, for example in frosty weather, to mode of increasing flow rates of centralised heating.

EFFECT: technical result lies in saving costs for trenchless reconstruction of engineering systems, as well as saving costs for heating.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heat power and municipal utilities of cities and can be used in the reconstruction of engineering networks of cities with trenchless replacement of old supply heating networks and the additional use of autonomous heating from a source in the entrance of an apartment building.

The main problem of reconstruction of heating networks in critical condition is that when using the “pipe in pipe” method in heat supply, the pipe cross sections and design loads are reduced, which is not energy saving and requires additional heating, which does not happen in the case of real water savings and water disposal with proper use of metering devices. A general view of the integrated approach to solving the problem without an acceptable solution found in the heat supply of apartment buildings is described in the outlined basic journal article. Andreev I.P., Shmeleva L.I. How to test and create a system of house-water metering of water and heat to repeatedly reduce the load on the house // Housing and communal services reform. 2010. No3. S. 34-36.

This article is the closest precursor to the invention and the regulations for the actions taken during the modernization of heat, gas and water supply and sanitation systems.

Fragments of the article are also attached in the form of the attached regulation on integrated water saving by the population, heat calibration and the order of designing systems (see the regulation at the end of the description with the table on the water consumption by the population removed from the article). The same table of the best print quality is given in the text.

In the article in paragraph 1 of page 1 and in step 7 with fig. 8 on page 3 (see table) the following is explained.

1 quote: “Due to the lack of proper metering, the specific energy saving of Togliatti is several times behind the world level, and the necessary replacement of engineering systems that are rotten in the ground (water, heat, gas, sewage) by the“ pipe in pipe ”method remains problematic. In order to use this method when replacing the engineering infrastructure, it is necessary that the maximum design load on the facility be reduced by at least 2 times, which makes it possible to reduce the diameter of the new pipe by 1.4 times (in nominal diameters 400-300-200- 150-100-80-50 mm). This is a simplified explanation. ”

2 citation (see table): “The 7th stage (technical diagnostics of leaks without visiting apartments) is innovative and is carried out during operation in the presence of an apartment-house imbalance in metering. In the city of Tolyatti, the imbalance reaches 25-50%, which is a consequence of the presence of defects and exceeding the established standards of measurement accuracy. Unfortunately, due to the unique features of our “compulsory” right of invention (Article 1362 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), we restrict ourselves to the final result of water savings obtained by our design program at OJSC PZhRT in Tolyatti (supervisor V.N. Klevlin) in 1995-96 years (photo 8, we apologize for the poor quality of the original). As follows from the results of the calculation of the production and technical department of ПЖРТ, the saving of hot water reached 1340250: 290518 = 4.61 (times), and cold - 725760: 119407 = 6.08 (times), which is not the best, but satisfactory result for the purposes agreed at the very beginning of the article. The transition from professional design programs, as in the example of PZhRT, to amateur federal target programs and regional energy saving programs, as experience shows, led to a loss of money. As a result of initiative, a marriage is obtained, which makes it absolutely unreasonable to invest housing and communal services reform from any sources (budgets and funds of the population). ”

As mentioned, page 31 of the article before the drawings of the patent description is presented as a separate recommendation for saving water, calibrating heat and designing systems. We have patented the calibration of heat and coolant (patent RU 2182320 and 3 patent applications RU 201315764-66). If the apartment metering of cold and hot water is carried out with calibration and search for theft (leakage) even without visiting the apartments, then, as a rule, approximately 5-fold water saving by the population is achieved. At the same time, there are no fundamental problems for replacing old water and wastewater pipes; the design problem is being solved. Water saving is about 5 times for the vast majority of residential buildings of the poor population, which saves money on housing and communal services, is stabilized to the world level of water saving, for example, in Germany and to the similar result of 1995 in Togliatti. It was at this time in Russia that the first anti-magnetic apartment water meters were installed, which we installed during their certification. In the future, “installation of metering devices” was carried out without designing instrumentation systems and using operational calibration, which led to hidden mass violations of metrology.

Now many energy resources are consumed bypassing or by mechanically stopping the meters, which is not a problem for subscribers, and the balance of the energy supplier is reduced artificially.

The lack of an integrated approach to heat supply also consists in the fact that there is a problem of shortage of heat energy when reducing the diameter of heat supply pipes by abandoning the pipe-in-pipe method and opening asphalt, digging trenches, blocking all roads and restricting traffic and people.

Independent solution of the problem by subscribers, for example, by electrically heating rooms and installing roof boiler rooms, requires compliance with safety standards, high installation and operation costs, comparable to the cost of a centralized heat supply system and its maintenance. Known analogues of methods and means of additional heating.

Known patent EP 2423607 A3 for a single pipe heating system with flow control. According to the abstract, the control method is "to regulate the temperature of the supplied heat exchange fluid in response to a change in external parameters (temperature) and the flow rate in response to the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the return pipe".

However, by regulating the heat fluxes, it is impossible to increase them if before that trenchless replacement of the heating system has been applied at the limit of its capacity for the design load, which is much reduced, for example, by 2 times. Heat flow is not enough for normal heating on frosty days.

Known patent RU 2179688 for a water heating system with protection against freezing of the coolant during periods of low outdoor temperatures. This more general problem of heating in frosty days, due to the reduction of the design load, this invention does not solve.

A large number of autonomous sources of heating are known, see, for example, the reference book “Home Heating”. M .: Stroyinform, 2005, 575 p. These are autonomous, electric, cable heating systems and fireplaces. Gas boilers give a multiple saving effect by eliminating the wrong regimes hidden from theft by consumers and reducing staff. For example, on our heating, hot water supply and staff reduction projects for water utility and oil bases, the saving effect reaches 40 times, and the payback period does not exceed 4 months. http://youtu.be/hl_xBaO0iwc?t=23 (or in the search for “40 times heat saving” at http://www.youtube.com/). However, these are single examples of violation of thermal conditions, and they do not mean that energy suppliers and service companies are interested in saving in this way. In addition, if the backup central heating is turned off completely, and the pipes are not exempted from water, it is possible to freeze water in the remaining old boiler pipes or central heating pipes. There are also significant costs for the construction of expensive boiler houses, their equipment and, in general, the climatic reliability of the entire heating system is violated, which is especially unacceptable in vast over 50% permafrost territories.

For reference, the end of the 80s. last century in the country, there were about 200 thousand km of heating networks that supplied heat to most large, medium and even small cities and towns. Moreover, the extensive development of heating networks turned around their low quality and significant losses over the entire length from the heat source to the consumer.

At the same time, the efficiency of, for example, the “Danish” central heating system is caused by low losses due to the introduction of new materials and technologies (plastic pipes, pumping and shut-off equipment, etc.). That is why heat loss in the main and distribution pipelines of Denmark is only about 4%, while the efficiency of the CHPP reaches 90%. But Denmark in Europe is a small territory.

The cost of laying one kilometer of the heating main in our country is about 300 thousand dollars, and in order to eliminate the critical wear of the networks, it is necessary to replace more than 120 thousand km of pipelines. A total of approximately $ 36 billion is obtained from heating networks, not counting the additional costs and serious malfunction of urban systems. This path is meaningless. It is believed that a complete rejection of the central heating system is short-sighted, since its share in our country is very high and, with systematic reconstruction and technical re-equipment, centralized heating will again take its rightful place in the updated system of housing and communal services.

It is obvious that the device of an autonomous boiler room requires a special design solution, as in the video link above. Moreover, separate, rather stringent requirements are imposed to ensure the safety of the boiler plant. This application is not 1, but 2 boilers and their protection against open welding of pipes and grounding in the places of installation of boilers. In addition, this particular heating method requires a fairly high culture of homeowners. Some operating organizations in the regions already have negative experience.

It is believed that in the foreseeable future, in any case for large cities, autonomous boiler rooms will not become a real alternative to central heating, even if you break all heating networks along with roads. Nothing will stop. According to estimates, their share will not exceed 10-15% of total heat consumption. However, in the future they will be able to be used in the construction of multi-apartment buildings away from the basic urban infrastructure.

On the other hand, despite the obvious advantages of apartment heating, it also has obvious drawbacks in operation in terms of overall reliability, chimneys and the emission of combustion products and carbon monoxide in apartments. The total cost of individual boilers is much higher than the cost of 1-2 boilers per house. At the same time, the consumer gets the opportunity to independently determine the most comfortable conditions for himself, he regulates the need for heat and hot water.

In the case of autonomous boiler houses, the disadvantages also lie in the low culture of consumers. Homeowners do not always realize that a boiler is a technically complex unit that requires regular, albeit infrequent (on average once a year) maintenance.

Another unpleasant moment is uninhabited apartments. If such housing is not heated, the walls adjacent to it are also cooled. And if the housing is heated, and the boiler automation does not work, then a gas explosion is possible. Obviously, the use of gas equipment requires an effective system for the removal of combustion products and air supply.

Other analogues of our invention are known, the method and device for heat supply according to the patents RU 2235249 and RU 2235250, where in the method “the basic heat load of the heat supply system is covered by taking off steam from the cogeneration turbines of the thermal power station, and the peak load of the heat supply system are provided using peak heat sources. As peak heat sources use autonomous heat sources installed at each of the subscribers. The technical result is to increase the reliability of the quality of heat supply. " The meaning and drawing of both patents are almost identical, therefore, it is sufficient to consider patent RU 2235249 for the method. The main thing in the heat supply method is that “the peak load of the heat supply system is provided by means of peak heat sources”. The disadvantage of the prototype is the complexity of the system, high costs, poor quality of operation and the likelihood of a violation of the reliability of district heating up to freezing pipes at a low inconsistent load provided by an autonomous source for each subscriber.

As indicated in the prototype, “in large cities with extended heating networks, subscribers located at different distances from the CHPP, due to transport delay of the coolant, are in different conditions, which affects the quality of heat supply. The central regulation of the heat load used in the prototype cannot fully satisfy the needs of various subscribers with individual requirements for the quality of heat supply. The reduced reliability is due to the fact that accidents at the thermal power plants lead to a complete cessation of heat supply to subscribers. ”

The technical result achieved by these 2 inventions is to increase and reliability of the quality of heat supply, but at a reduced design load, compensated by the peak boiler.

There is a much simpler and more reliable solution we propose to the problem of a centralized heating system with trenchless replacement of old pipes and the use of peak autonomous boilers. But not to the whole house or to each apartment, as shown above, but to each entrance of an apartment building or part of it (in the vicinity of the stairwells), where the dimensions of the boiler or boilers are minimal and very convenient service at the entrance is possible. In any case, even if the access boiler fails, the house will not defrost, and if the central heating fails, there will be some heat in the apartments and the entrance, but there will not be a serious communal catastrophe. Simultaneous failure of the centralized heating of the house and boilers in the staircase in the presence of a common power supply is almost impossible. This is very important when reforming the housing and communal services (housing and communal services).

The aim of our invention is to achieve the desired design result with maximum energy efficiency and lower costs for heat supply and operation.

To achieve this goal, a heat supply method with trenchless reconstruction of underground networks, an additional source of peak power at the heating facility and control of heat modes using programmable controllers is proposed, characterized in that the additional heating is carried out in the entrances of apartment buildings with wiring for the entrance and apartments through hot water meters or heat, shutoff taps, flexible intra-apartment pipes and movable additional heating radiators, and heating modes from both heat sources are controlled using the associated dual programmable control from the mode of unacceptable freezing of centralized heating pipes to the mode of autonomous heating of the apartment and the entrance, mainly by an autonomous source, and in case of insufficient power of autonomous heating, for example during frost, to the mode of increasing centralized heating costs.

In the method, corrugated flexible pipes with heat insulation are used as the heat-insulated pipe for laying inside the old pipe, the peak power of the autonomous heating is selected taking into account the reduction in the live section of the new pipe relative to the old and real design load, and the combustion products of the autonomous boiler are removed and air is taken from the street using a coaxial chimney.

Further, in the method, autonomous boilers in the entrance are installed on the upper floor and intermediate floors (with increased load), the boiler and chimney in the entrance are equipped with an oxygen deficiency signal for combustion and gas contamination, and the readings of hot water consumption are additionally controlled by a pyrometer for non-contact comparison of temperature differences at the entrance to each apartment and the temperature at the entrance.

The device for implementing the method comprises trenchless reconstruction of underground heating systems of the “pipe in pipe” type, an additional source of peak power at the heating facility, programmable controllers in the number of different types of heat sources and is characterized in that autonomous heating sources are placed in the entrances of apartment buildings with wiring at the entrance and apartments through hot water or heat meters, shutoff taps, flexible intra-apartment pipes and additional radiators with the possibility of their movement the apartment and the staircase, and the programmable controllers for controlling the heating modes from both heat sources contain temperature switches from the mode of inadmissible freezing of centralized heating pipes to the mode of autonomous heating of the apartment and the entrance, and in case of insufficient heating power, for example, during frost, to the mode of increasing the recorded volumes of centralized heating.

The device is characterized in that it contains corrugated flexible pipes with heat insulation for laying inside the old pipe, taking into account the reduction in the living section of the new pipe relative to the old and real design load, has a system for removing the combustion products of an autonomous boiler and receiving clean air from the street in the form of a coaxial chimney with an outlet gas emissions above the roof of the house according to the established norms and rules of construction.

Further, the device is characterized in that the self-contained boiler is installed in the entrance on the upper floor and intermediate floors (with increased load), contains an oxygen deficiency signal for combustion and gas contamination of rooms, and hot water meters are additionally equipped with a mobile pyrometer for non-contact comparison of the temperature difference of heat supply to the entrance to each apartment is from the entrance and in the entrance.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

On a separate sheet, as a recommendation, page 31 is shown from a journal article by Andreev and Shmeleva, which reveals a systematic approach to solving a range of communal problems in terms of cost savings, in accounting and regulation of system design.

In FIG. 1 shows a photograph of a typical flexible thermally insulated pipe for laying in old pipes of underground heating systems.

In FIG. 2 - heating system.

In FIG. 3 - input of autonomous heating from the entrance to the apartment.

In FIG. 4 and 5 - graphs of thermal conditions.

In FIG. 6 - coaxial chimney.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a photograph of a typical flexible thermally insulated pipe for installation in old pipes of underground heating systems. Such pipes are used, for example, in Ufa. As indicated in the description of the process, in Ufa, on a 50-year-old October street, heat supply networks are being laid using a new technology to save asphalt laid last year during the road's overhaul.

When repairing a section located under the carriageway, specialists of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise “Ufa Engineering Networks” carry out the replacement of exhausted pipes without opening the roadbed. In this case, a system of flexible pipes of the “Casaflex” brand is used, designed for underground channelless laying of heat supply and hot water supply networks.

The pipes have a corrugated structure and are made of a nickel-chromium alloy with a polyurethane foam insulation with high thermal insulation properties. A signal cable for connecting an on-line remote control system passes inside the heat-insulating layer.

The flexibility of the pipes allows you to use them with almost any options for laying the pipeline and makes it possible to choose the optimal route.

The technology allows reducing the time for laying pipes, the manufacturer's guaranteed service life of 50 years.

The total length of pipes mounted by new technology on a 50-year-old street section of October is 110 meters.

Casaflex pipes can operate at high temperatures up to 180 ° C (for imported samples) and a pressure of 16 and 25 bar.

The rest is the same as with conventional laying using the pipe-in-pipe method.

In FIG. 2, the heat supply system has two flexible heat-insulated pipes 1 (the second one not shown) through a well 2 in the ground 3 and underground channels 4. In house 5 with a foundation 6, the pipes are connected to an individual heat point 7 equipped with a heat meter (not shown) and a programmable controller 8 thermal conditions to a minimum and a maximum of centralized heating. From the heat point 7 from the basement 9, heat enters the heating network 10 of the house 5.

Consider the part of the autonomous heating system, which is located in the entrance, with apartments 11 and hot water meters 12.

If the total area at the entrance, for example, of 20 apartments is 20 × 50 m ² , the loss in the heating system is 50%, then the capacity of an autonomous boiler or several boilers 13 can be approximately 50 kW. These are 2 wall-mounted boilers (up to 35 kW) or 1 floor-mounted (50 kW and more), placed on a stand, taking into account the ceiling level of the entrance and effective room noise reduction.

Like any boiler, it is equipped with a counter 14 and a gas pipe 15, has a programmable controller 16 (thermostat) with a temperature setting, for example, on the top floor of the entrance and a coaxial chimney 17, which is exposed outside the roof 18. Apartments 11 are also connected to the boiler sites 19 and the floor 20 and the radiator of the heating 21. The entrance door 22 to the house, as a rule, does not have ventilation.

In FIG. 3 autonomous heating pipes from the boiler pass the hot water meter 12, taps 23 and radiators 24. The apartment and the entrance are separated by a wall 25, where the heating pipes have platforms for a pyrometer 26 and non-contact measurement of the supply temperature T1 and return T2 of the boiler water. Temperature pads are spots of dark paint deposited on pipes, or a pipe cleaned from paint, but with a mark where to direct the pyrometer beam. After shut-off valves, at the request of the consumer, a two-pipe flexible wiring with radiators 24 is placed in the premises of the customer’s choice, with the restriction of the intake of excess air into the connected apartment heating system.

According to the readings of the water meter 12 and occasional measurements of the temperature difference on the pyrometer 26, the heat distribution from the boiler between the apartments is determined to pay for the readings of the common gas meter 14 from the gas pipe 15 with natural gas. If the taps 23 are closed in the apartment, then the temperature difference T1-T2 = 0 does not pay for heat, if the taps are fully open, then the payment is based on the average apartment temperature difference T1-T2 and the actual flow of heat carrier into the apartment.

For programmable controllers 8 and 16, temperature conditions are selected either with the graph of FIG. 4 (2 modes), or with the graph of FIG. 5 (3 modes), where T is the temperature of the room or coolant, t is time, mode 1 is central heating, mode 2 is autonomous heating. To save heat costs, consumers are more interested in an effective mode with schedule 5, which starts with a mode to prevent icing of centralized heating pipes and premises. This mode is enough to automatically turn on autonomous heating (boiler 13). If the street is cold, then the controller 8 will switch from the "min" mode to the "max" mode. When warming on the street, a reverse switch will occur. An autonomous boiler through the controller 16 automatically fulfills its program in any mode and any weather.

As for the hot water supply of the house, if there are meters in the apartments and savings on meters, as described above in the article, and autonomous heating from the boiler, it is usually not required from the boiler and, as a minor, does not solve the main task of reducing the load and costs heating and trenchless pipe laying. For the monetary savings of utilities, reconstruction of hot water supply is possible, but with a 5-fold saving, as in the reference in the text, is insignificant and requires unreasonable additional installation work.

In FIG. 6 shows an example of a coaxial chimney for 2 boilers. The chimney with a coaxial pipe has air intake from the street. If there is no air intake from the street, it will be from the entrance, and when oxygen is burned in the entrance without ventilation, in our experience, one of the boilers will start to “clap” (turn on / off), and not keep the mode as prescribed by the system designer.

In some cases, it makes sense to equip the boiler and chimney in the entrance with a signaling device of a lack of oxygen for combustion and the inadmissibility of the gas supply of the entrance.

An afterword borrowed from patents RU 2235249 and RU 2235250, selected as prototypes.

At the request of patent examiners of my previous patent applications: "the claimed invention meets the condition of" novelty. "

To verify the compliance of the claimed invention with the condition "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed method from the prototype. The search results showed that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for the specialist, since the influence of the transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of the technical result is not revealed from the prior art determined by the applicant. In particular, the claimed invention does not provide for the addition of a known agent to any known part attached to it according to known rules to achieve a technical result, in respect of which the effect of such additions is established.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "inventive step".

Next, we consider the information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention with obtaining the desired technical result. For this, see the description of the invention above.

The above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed method of operation of the heat supply system:

- the claimed method of heat supply is intended for use in the field of heat power;

- for the claimed method of heat supply in the form described in the claims, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described in the application is confirmed;

- a heat supply method embodying the claimed invention, when implemented, is able to achieve the desired technical result.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "industrial applicability". "

The end of the requested quote.

Claims (6)

1. The method of heat supply with trenchless reconstruction of underground networks, an additional source of peak power at the heating facility and control of heat modes using programmable controllers, characterized in that the additional heating is carried out in the entrances of apartment buildings with wiring for the entrance and apartments through hot water or heat meters, shut-off taps, flexible indoor pipes and movable additional radiators, and the heating modes from both heat sources are controlled by connected dual programmable control from the mode of unacceptable freezing of centralized heating pipes to the mode of autonomous heating of the apartment and the entrance, mainly by an autonomous source, and in case of insufficient power of autonomous heating, for example during frost, to the mode of increasing centralized heating costs. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that corrugated flexible pipes with heat insulation are used as a thermally insulated pipe for laying inside the old pipe, the peak power of autonomous heating is selected taking into account the reduction in the living section of the new pipe relative to the old and real design load, and the removal of products combustion of an autonomous boiler and air intake from the street is carried out using a coaxial chimney. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the autonomous boilers in the entrance are installed on the upper floor and intermediate floors (with increased load), the boiler and chimney in the entrance are equipped with an oxygen deficiency signal for combustion and gas contamination, and indications of consumption of hot water additionally control with a pyrometer for non-contact comparison of the temperature difference at the entrance to each apartment and the temperature at the entrance. 4. A device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising trenchless reconstruction of underground heating systems of the “pipe in pipe” type, an additional peak power source at the heating facility, programmable controllers according to the number of different types of heat sources, characterized in that the autonomous heating sources are located in the entrances apartment buildings with wiring on the porch and apartments through hot water or heat meters, shut-off taps, flexible intra-apartment pipes and additional radiators with the possibility of their transfer premises and the entrance, and programmable controllers for controlling heating modes from both heat sources contain temperature switches from the mode of inadmissible freezing of central heating pipes to the mode of autonomous heating of the apartment and the entrance, and in case of insufficient autonomous heating power, for example during frost, to the mode of increase in recorded volumes of centralized heating. 5. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that it contains corrugated flexible pipes with heat insulation for laying inside the old pipe, taking into account the reduction of the living section of the new pipe relative to the old and real design load, has a system for removing the combustion products of an autonomous boiler and receiving clean air with streets in the form of a coaxial chimney with the conclusion of gas emissions above the roof of the house according to the established norms and rules of construction. 6. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that the autonomous boiler is installed in the staircase on the upper floor and intermediate floors (with increased load), contains an oxygen deficiency signal for combustion and gas contamination of rooms, and hot water meters are additionally equipped with a mobile pyrometer for non-contact comparing the temperature difference of the heat supply at the entrance to each apartment from the entrance and in the entrance.

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