RU2593506C1 - Method of device design base and/or coating transport facility - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to transport construction and can be used for reinforcement of bases and surfaces of transport facilities, in particular roads and other transport structures, structures of road pavement, slopes, fixed sides, cones bridges, bases of roads, as well as airfields, industrial and construction sites, to protect drainage ditches, coastal lines, beds of water bodies from wash, at improvement and construction of hydraulic, civil and industrial construction, etc. Method of device design base and/or coating transport facilities, involves formation on reinforced cloth layer of grain elements, adding binder, and formation of carcass structure. At that, introduction of binder in layer of grain elements is performed by its feed by discrete unrelated jets under gravity sequence, formation of carcass structure is carried out by covering shells of grain from binding elements and forming vertical threads of binder in randomly distributed cavities between contact with each other shells, further hardening and shrinkage of carcass structure binder.

EFFECT: task of this invention consists in strengthening bases and/or coatings of transport facilities, higher shear resistance, preventing migration of separate grain elements for reasons of various nature, increasing carrying capacity of transport facilities and broader functional capabilities of using various construction materials.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport construction and can be used to strengthen the base and / or cover of a transport structure, in particular roads and other transport structures, pavement structures, slopes, reinforced shoulders, cones of bridges, road bases, as well as airfields, industrial and construction sites, to protect drainage ditches, coastlines, beds of water bodies from erosion, during the improvement and construction of hydraulic, civil and industrial construction, etc.

At the same time, settlement crushed stone layers, layers of sand and gravel mixtures, etc. are considered as bases.

As coatings, design and non-design gravel layers, thin gabion structures are considered.

It is known that a transport structure is a multi-layer artificial system that perceives the repeated effects of vehicles and weather and climate factors. The design of the transport structure consists, inter alia, of the following elements: coating, base and additional layers.

Coverage - this is the upper part of the transport structure, perceiving forces from the wheels of vehicles and is directly affected by climatic factors.

The base is part of the construction of the transport structure, located under the cover and providing, together with the coating, the distribution of stresses in the structure and the reduction of their magnitude in the underlying soil, as well as the frost resistance of the structure and water disposal.

An additional layer is placed between the bearing base and the underlying soil.

One of the most important transport and operational indicators affecting the technical level and operational condition of a transport structure is the strength of structures, which depends on the intensity of operation of the structure under the influence of vehicles, on weather, climate and soil-hydrological factors.

To improve the transport and operational performance of the transport structure, various technologies are used to impregnate the bases and coatings with a binder (binder).

There is a method of strengthening the base of predominantly highways by successively laying coarse fractioned crushed stone and dry cement-sand mixture on it, moistening and vibration compaction of the base, with additional vibration compaction of crushed stone and dry cement-sand mixture until the last intergranular voids of crushed stone are completely filled (see RF patent No. 2057831, IPC Е01С 3/00, publ. 04/10/1996).

The disadvantage of this method is the monolithic structure, which does not allow for timely drainage and the required design documentation for the water-thermal regime, as well as low crack resistance due to the influence of dynamic loads that are heterogeneous in time and space.

There is a method of erecting the foundation of pavement, containing grinding the soil, preparing a mixture of soil, cement and additives with moistening it to optimal humidity, leveling the mixture and compacting it, while the solution is preliminarily passed through filters with a fiber-forming polymer in an amount of 0.75 -1.25% by weight of soil (see RF patent No. 2117090, IPC E01C 3/04, publ. 08/10/1998).

In the known method, the fiber-forming polymer is injected into the cement through dies, this mixture is introduced into the soil, everything is mixed. In the process of mixing the components with the rotors, a cement-soil mixture is formed, reinforced with trickles of polymer, from which fibers are formed that form a spatial lattice in the material.

The disadvantage of this method is that when mixing chemical fibers have the ability to combine with each other.

This leads to the twisting of the fibers in the nodes (clusters) of their drawdown by their own weight, weakening of the vertical bonds and excessive consumption of the binder. As a result, a spatial structure nonuniform along the vertical direction is obtained with the presence of weak points with an increased risk of formation of defects during installation and damage accumulation during operation.

A known method of building a road and airfield base, including the distribution and laying of stone material in the base, introducing a binder mixture into the stone material of the base and compaction, while the fractionated stone material is laid in the base layer without a binder, which is subsequently in the form of a sulfur binder the required penetration depth of sulfuric binder and the required process are evenly distributed in the voids of the layer of stone material of the base by the method of its spilling from above t filling the voids of the stone material with the height of the base layer is regulated by changing its consumption per square meter of the base and the viscosity of the sulfur binder by changing the ratio of its constituent components - sulfur, fine filler, fine aggregate, while the minimum content of fine filler is 5% by weight of sulfur astringent (see RF patent No. 2412300, IPC E01C 3/00, publ. 02.20.2011).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is injection technology with a uniform flow, ensuring the filling of voids between the grains of fractionated stone material. This does not allow to optimize the consumption of binder, a porous structure with the required water permeability. Sulfur binder does not have a polymer nanostructure (not modified), which does not allow to evaluate and ensure the uniformity of monomers in the binder. The heterogeneity of the binder causes weaknesses and an increased risk of failure to achieve the goals and requirements of the contract documentation and regulatory documents, the accumulation of damage during the operation of the structure.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a method of strengthening the ballast of the railway track, including the formation and impregnation of the upper crushed stone layer with a liquid polymer binder based on polyurethane; a liquid polymer binder is introduced into the upper layers of the slope and adjacent sections of the ballast with a width of N / 2 and form the skeleton structure of crushed stone layer to a depth of 7-14 cm by bonding gravel grains at the points of contact, then the treated gravel layer is kept in the absence of droplet fluid and vibration for 1-4 hours to cure the binder (see RF patent No. 2469145, IPC E01B 1 / 00, ЕВВ 27/02, published on December 10, 2012).

In the known construction of the crushed stone base of the transport structure and the method of its construction (strengthening), grains of crushed stone are impregnated, at which the binding material penetrates into the crushed stone structure at the intermolecular level, which contributes to the formation of rigid bonds between the grains of crushed stone.

This does not allow to compensate for the transport load on the crushed stone base.

In addition, in the known technical solutions, hardening of the crushed stone layer is carried out by impregnation with a polymer binder to a depth of 5-7 cm, which makes it impossible to adjust the functioning parameters of the subgrade in various operating conditions.

In practice, gravel of different breeds has different acid-base properties.

To ensure the bonding of crushed stone and binder, it is required in the laboratories a laborious, up to a month, selection of surface-active substances and a combination of a binder and crushed stone.

The acid-base properties of crushed stone are variable both within the batch and within the surface layer, which may contain adjacent negative and positive particles.

As a result of this, there is a high risk of failure to achieve the adhesion properties established by regulatory documents.

Therefore, the resulting frame structure has weak adhesion places where cracks can arise and its damage can accumulate.

This is especially true for vertical fibers, which determine the indicators of the stress-strain state of the structure in the vertical direction.

The conditions of fractionation and uniformity of crushed stone used significantly limit the list of building materials for use in the construction of bases and coatings of transport structures.

The objective of the present invention is to strengthen the base and / or coating of transport structures, increase shear stability, prevent the migration of individual grain elements for reasons of various nature, increase the bearing capacity of transport structures and expand the functionality of using various building materials.

The technical result achieved by solving the problem is the formation of water and breathable wear-resistant bonded reinforced surface of the bases and / or coatings of the transport structure.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of erecting the base structure and / or coating of the transport structure, comprising forming a layer of grain elements on the fabric to be reinforced, introducing a binder into it and forming a frame structure, according to the invention, the introduction of a binder into the layer of grain elements is carried out by spilling it discrete unbound jets under the action of gravity sequentially from top to bottom, the formation of the frame structure is carried out by enveloping the shell of a binder of grain elements and the formation of vertical filaments from a binder in randomly distributed voids between the shells in contact with each other, subsequent curing and shrinkage of the binder frame structure.

At the same time, polyurethane, polyurea, bitumen, epoxy resins and their analogues and compositions based on them are used as a binder, and fractioned gravel, gravel, stone, screenings, artificial gravel, fractionated secondary battle of building materials are used as a grain element.

The inventive combination of features allows to increase the load-bearing capacity of the construction of the transport structure by improving the conditions for the removal of water and air, increasing the retention capacity of grains of crushed stone and increasing the mechanical properties of the layer of fractionated crushed stone by forming a flexible frame structure from a binder in the form of shells and threads, independent of type and acid - alkaline properties of the grain element.

This is due to the fact that the frame structure of the binder due to its technological and high operational properties contributes to the formation of stable geometric and strength uniformity of the functional properties of the layer of grain elements and structural stability.

This leads to the formation of a multitude of interconnected voids in the layer of grain elements, which, without compacting and not clogging the ground beneath it, contribute to timely drainage and air permeability, forming the properties of the layer of grain elements as a “passive pump” that minimizes pore pressure in a soil-to-strengthen medium; liquid",

At the same time, the obtained flexible porous structure of the layer of grain elements performs the function of draining layers and reinforcing the layer, since it does not retain moisture on the surface, its elastic properties in a bound state improve its depreciation characteristics, increasing the stability of soil objects of roads, airfields, industrial and construction sites , coast-protecting fortifications, railway tracks, in a wide range of influencing factors, including typical climatic ambient temperatures and precipitation

In addition, the flexible frame structure of the base and coating provides the strength of the transport structure due to the redistribution of the vertical load on the layers located below.

This extends the functional and technological capabilities of the design and construction of the structural layer of the transport structure, and ensures its homogeneous properties in terms of geometric parameters and stress-strain state.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 is a diagram of a method for constructing a base and / or covering a transport structure; in FIG. 2 and 3 are examples of space-defined positions of the source of binder jets; in FIG. 4 is an example of orientation of the position of the source of the binder jets (sectional fragment); in FIG. 5 shows a fragment of a general view of the construction of the base and / or cover of the transport structure, enlarged.

Positions in the drawings mean the following: 1 - grain element; 2 - stream of binder; 3 - frame structure; 4 - shell frame structure 1; 5 - vertical threads of the cured binder frame structure 3; 6 - voids of the frame structure 3; 7 - point connections of the frame structure 3 at the contact points of the shells 4 with each other; 8 - capacity for liquid binder; 9 - openings of the tank 8; 10 - technological voids of the frame structure 3.

A method of constructing a base structure and / or covering a transport structure involves forming a layer of grain elements 1 on the fabric to be reinforced, introducing a binder into it by pouring it with discrete unbound jets 2 under the action of gravity sequentially from top to bottom and forming a frame structure 3 by enveloping the binder 4 from the binder grain elements 1 and the formation of vertical threads 5 from the binder in the voids 6 between the shells 4 contacting by means of point connections 7, the subsequent curing eniya binder and shrinkage of the carcass structure (FIG. 1).

According to the claimed method, the construction of the base and / or cover of the transport structure is obtained as follows.

On the fabric to be strengthened, the layer of fractionated grain elements 1 is evenly distributed and compacted.

Prepared liquid binder from a container 8 with holes 9 is poured onto a layer of grain elements 1 by discrete unbound jets 2 under the action of gravity sequentially from top to bottom.

Discreteness is understood to be the spatial position of the source of the jets distributed according to a given law, for example, uniform (Fig. 2) or normal (Fig. 3), and oriented in a given direction (Fig. 4), while the position of the source of the jets is determined by the geometry of the holes 9 in tank 8.

The binder covers the surface of the grain elements 1 and spreads over them, covering the contact zone between them with the formation of the shell 4 from the binder on the grain element 1, and flows with jets into the space 6 between the shells 4.

At the end of the spill, the binder is aged for about 1 hour to cure and shrink.

In the process of spilling a binder, the consumption of a binder is optimized by the criterion of full coverage of the upper parts of the grain element 1 with a binder.

The spill depth and binder flow rate is determined empirically, while the spill depth depends on the thickness of the base structure and / or coating or technical specifications, and the binder flow rate depends on the spill depth, fractions and micro-roughness of grain elements and the binder viscosity, subject to the condition of not flowing onto the reinforced priming.

By selecting additional components and adjusting the binder, it is possible to regulate the shrinkage coefficient - to further strengthen the structure by prestressing it with vertical threads in the range of 0.01-0.1% relative shortening.

As a binder, polyurethane, polyurea, bitumen, epoxy resins and their analogues and compositions based on them can be used.

The use of a polyurethane composite composition as a binder allows for the formation of flexible elastic threads in the space between the grain elements 2 during curing, and in the places of contact of the shells 3 of the grain element 1 strong and durable bonds.

Polyurethane compositions have high hydrolytic stability, resistance to environmental influences in various climatic zones, frost resistance and good compatibility with various types of fractional fillers, such as crushed stone, gravel, etc.

Polyurea (polyurea), which is a synthetic polymer structurally similar to polyurethanes, can be used as a binder.

Polyurea has a high curing rate and therefore is insensitive to humidity and can be used when working in conditions of high humidity.

Epoxy resin is a type of synthetic resin; when polymerized in a mixture with a hardener, a cross-linked polymer is formed.

The use of epoxy resins of various compositions allows you to vary the final properties of the frame structure after curing in a wide range.

For the purpose of strengthening the base and / or covering the structure of the transport structure, it is most expedient to use cementitious material based on the two-component polyurethane system RT-KS 001, RT-TPI 001 manufactured by RT-Polyplast LLC.

The two-component polyurethane system has good compatibility with various types of fractional fillers (crushed stone, gravel) (according to GOST 7392-2022). The binder can be modified to meet specific requirements.

Depending on various application conditions (temperature, humidity), the optimal viscosity and polymerization rate of the binder allow uniformly enveloping the filler particles and form strong and durable “adhesive bridges” at their contact points.

In addition, a one-component polyurethane composition can be used, the viscosity of which is controlled by a mineral filler.

When using an additional layer of a grain element with a smaller fraction in the construction of the base and / or coating of the transport structure, the main layer of the grain element of the larger fraction is successively laid, an additional layer of the grain element of the smaller fraction is distributed on it, and it is also shed with a binder.

The inventive method allows to obtain the design of the base and / or coating of the transport structure in the form of a frame structure 3 containing a grain element 1 and a binder.

In this case, the frame structure is obtained in the form of a cured binder shell 4 on the grain element 1, cured binder vertical strands 5 originating from the lower point of the grain elements 1, and voids 6 formed in the area of point connections 7 of the contact points of the shells 4 with each other (Fig. 5).

Moreover, the formation of many interconnected voids 6 determines the water and air permeability of the bases and coatings of the transport structure, the implementation of the frame structure from the cured binder makes it possible to obtain stable geometric and strength uniformity of the structure only due to the properties of the binder.

This is because the binder, enveloping the shell 4 of each grain element 1, forms strong bonds in point connections 7 of the contact points of the shells 4 with each other and excludes the contact of the grain elements 1 with each other, which determines the independence of the adhesive properties of the frame structure from the variability of acid-base indicators of grain elements 1.

The formation of interconnected voids 6 does not condense or clog the ground beneath it, which contributes to the removal of surface water to groundwater horizons and to drain the surface of the base due to the free circulation of air in it.

This gives the structure drainage properties, providing an increase in the bearing capacity of the transport structure.

The frame structure 3 of the base of the transport structure contains shells 4 of a cured binder fully and / or partially enveloping grain elements 2 (Fig. 2).

In this case, for reliable retention during partial enveloping of the grain element 1 by the shell 4, the relative area of the shell 4 should be more than 50% of the area of the grain element.

In addition, the frame structure 1 of the base of the transport structure may contain technological voids 10 between at least one shell 4 and the grain element 1, which are formed when the binder is drained from the grain element 1. (Fig. 5).

These technological voids 10 are a means of balancing the pressure caused by the presence of moisture in the pores of the grain element 1.

In the winter, they prevent tearing of the shell 4 caused by the expansion of ice, and in the summer, the transformation of moisture into a vaporous state.

The implementation of the frame structure 3 from the cured binder by eliminating the contact of the grain elements 1 with each other makes it possible to use various materials as the grain element 1 of the frame structure 3 of the base and / or coating of the transport structure, which extends the functionality of using the structure in the construction of various transport structures.

For example, as a grain element 1, fractionated crushed stone, gravel, stone, screenings, artificial crushed stone, fractionated secondary battle (product of crushing and sieving) of building materials are used.

The size of the grain element 1 of the frame structure 3 of the base and / or coating of the transport structure is 5-50 mm.

The design of the transport structure may contain an additional upper layer of grain elements 1 with a finer fraction or their screening, while the size of the grain elements 1 of the additional layer is 5-15 mm.

This allows you to use grain elements of medium and small fractions, as well as reduce the cost of the design and reduce the complexity of work to strengthen the coating of soil surfaces by using a wider range of fractions of grain elements and the ability to use their backfill, for example, with a shovel.

A layer of asphalt or concrete coating can be laid on top of a polymer-reinforced binder structure.

The inventive method of constructing a base and / or covering a transport structure can be used to strengthen hard soils, such as soil, permafrost, ice on the river, and weak bases - peat, swamp soils, wet sand, soil-liquid medium.

The use of the claimed invention makes it possible to improve the quality of design, manufacture and installation of the construction of a transport structure, which provides an increase in the bearing capacity of reinforced soils and media, depending on the type of soil and type of structures, and also reduces the risk of not achieving the required service life of the erected structures and arranged structures.

This allows you to reduce the cost of the construction of the base and / or cover of the transport structure and reduce the complexity of the work to strengthen them, as well as expand the scope of construction of the base and / or cover of the transport structure for the installation of reinforcing, retaining, trapping, protective structures, heat-insulating and other coatings and pillows low-waste use of a wider range of fractions of the grain element.

Experimental studies conducted at the Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu.A. at the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education showed the effectiveness of this design when it is carried out at the place of work.

RT-Polyplast LLC, the Rostov Region, Azov, a subsidiary of Rostekhnologii Group of Companies, is engaged in the production of cementitious materials based on a two-component polyurethane system to strengthen bulk transport structures from rubble and gravel operated in various conditions (www. rt-polyplast.ru).

When implementing the claimed invention, the reliability and ease of assembly of the structure is increased, which significantly increases labor productivity.

Due to the use of grain elements of small fractions, the weight of the structure is reduced, which gives a significant reduction in the cost of construction, reconstruction, overhaul and repair of the transport structure.

Claims (3)

1. A method of constructing a base structure and / or coating of a transport structure, comprising forming a layer of grain elements on the fabric to be reinforced, introducing a binder into it and forming a frame structure, characterized in that the binder is introduced into the layer of grain elements by pouring it with discrete, unbound jets under the action of gravity sequentially from top to bottom, the formation of the frame structure is carried out by enveloping the shells of the binder grain elements and forming ikalnyh yarns of the binder in a randomly distributed voids between contacting each other membranes, post-curing and shrinkage cementitious framing structure. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that polyurethane, polyurea, bitumen, epoxy resins and their analogues and compositions based on them can be used as a binder. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as a grain element using fractionated gravel, gravel, stone, screenings, artificial gravel, fractionated secondary battle of building materials.

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