RU2593158C1 - Device for fixation of femoral head during its sawing for preparation of biological material to histological analysis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine and biology and can be used for fixation of femoral head during its sawing at preparation of biological material to histological examination. Device includes housing and retaining elements. Housing has four vertical walls extending from base. In the middle of each housing wall there is a through hole passing from upper edge to base. On both sides of through hole along it there are rows of threaded holes intended for installation of retaining elements in them in form of screws with handles and sharp ends. Device is made from iron alloy with chromium plated coating.

EFFECT: obtaining high-quality samples of bone tissue, suitable for further histological examination, due to integrity of histological structures of bone, as well as faster sampling and reduction of labour intensity.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine and biology and can be used to fix the femoral head in the process of cutting it in the preparation of biological material for histological examination.

Bone is the most dense (solid) tissue of the body, which determines the features of taking and preparing the material for histological examination. To conduct a full-fledged study, it is necessary to saw or cut a piece of bone or the entire bone. In order to conduct a quality cut, the bone is fixed in a holding device.

Currently, in the practice of a pathologist, there are difficulties in cutting such bone material as the femoral head. The main difficulties are the need to take material of uniform thickness of not more than 3-4 mm. This need is caused by the features of fixation and decalcification of bone material for further histological work.

Known for the wooden Davidson system, which is a wooden base in which holes and grooves are made for laying and holding bones in them. Opposite the holes on one side are pegs that are used as guides for the saw (http://grossing-technology.com/newsite/home/grossing-techniques/the-third-hand-principle-in-bone-gross-section/ )

The disadvantages of the analogue:

- wooden products are difficult to sanitize after use, swell from moisture, retain microorganisms and fragments of bone tissue in cuts and pores;

- hit of wood sawdust and shavings on bone material leads to the presence of artifacts in the histological material.

Known wooden clamp, consisting of two cheeks, between which a bone is placed and clamped for sawing. This device is suitable for clamping tissue fragments with sections of the support area of at least the area of the cheeks. The material is clamped by tightening the cheeks with two screws (http://grossing-technology.com/newsite/sampling-immobilization/).

The disadvantages of the analogue:

- wooden products are difficult to sanitize after use, swell from moisture;

- an extremely unreliable way of fixing objects of high hardness and spherical shape, for example, the femoral head, which leads to a high risk of injury to a doctor during work.

Peters vice was chosen as a prototype. They are massive, firmly attached to the desktop, have a fixed and movable jaw, between which the bone is placed, the bone is clamped by lowering the movable jaw with a screw. The product is coated with a special material that prevents metal oxidation (http://grossing-technology.com/newsite/cutting-instuments-in-surgical-pathology-sampling/).

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- compressive forces that occur during fixation of bone tissue, cause deformation of the bone-cartilage structures;

- given the size and shape of the vise, difficulties arise in their sanitization and storage;

- the head of the femur, having a round shape, it is very difficult to reliably fix in a vise;

- the saw blade is clamped in the cutting gap, moves with great difficulty, shifting the bone.

The objective of the invention is to create a device that ensures the retention of the bone without violating the integrity of its histological structures, ensuring the safety of work and improving the quality of the cut out sample of bone material.

The task is achieved using a device for fixing the femoral head in the process of cutting it during the preparation of biological material for histological examination, containing the body and retaining elements. The housing has four vertical walls extending from the base, in the middle of each wall there is a through hole extending from the top edge to the base. On both sides of the through hole along it there are rows of threaded holes for installing retaining elements in them in the form of screws with handles and pointed ends. The device is made of an alloy of iron with a chrome coating.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is as follows:

- the body has four vertical walls extending from the base, in the middle of each wall there is a through hole extending from the top edge to the base;

- through holes in the walls serve to introduce the saw, and also minimize the possibility of injury to the doctor, the width of this hole of 10 mm is sufficient for a convenient and safe cutting process;

- threaded holes are arranged in rows along both sides of the through hole along it, allowing the holding screws with handles to be inserted at different heights when working with the femoral head of different sizes;

- holding the femoral head with screws creates its reliable fixation, the pressure provided by the screws with the handles is directed in such a way that eliminates the deformation of the bone tissue in the cut area and prevents the saw blade from being clamped;

- the device is made of an iron alloy with a chrome coating, the uniformity and uniformity of the coating of the product enables high-quality sanitization (washing in water with detergents and special disinfecting solutions, including those based on chlorine).

The set of essential features of the invention allows to obtain a new technical result:

- to obtain high-quality bone tissue samples suitable for further histological examination, due to the preservation of the histological structures of the bone;

- does not require a special place of storage and use, since the device is small;

- excludes the possibility of injury to the doctor;

- carry out high-quality sanitization;

- reduce the time to obtain a cut out sample of bone material;

- reducing the complexity of cutting a sample of bone material.

The device is illustrated by drawings and photographs presented in FIG. 1-4.

In FIG. 1 front view of the device.

In FIG. 2 is a top view of the device with screws and handles installed in it.

In FIG. 3 photograph of a device with installed screws.

In FIG. 4 is a photograph of the device from above with the femoral head mounted, fixed with screws.

The housing of the device consists of four vertical walls 1, extending from the base 2, in the middle of each wall there is a through hole 3 extending from the top edge to the base 2, on both sides of the through hole 3 along the rows there are rows of threads 4 for installation in them holding elements in the form of screws with handles and pointed ends 5 (Fig. 1 - Fig. 2). The device is made of an alloy of iron with a chrome coating.

The device operates as follows. The femoral head delivered from the operating head is placed on the base 2 of the device with a postoperative saw cut down. Screws with handles and pointed ends 5 are screwed opposite each other into threaded holes 4 located in opposite walls 1 until the pointed ends of screws 5 are immersed in the bone substance of the head (Fig. 4). Screws with handles and pointed ends 5 are screwed one or two on each side of the through hole 3 at the same or different height opposite each other depending on the size of the femoral head (Fig. 3). Check the reliability of fixation and the immobility of the femoral head before starting the sawing process. The saw is introduced into the through holes 3, while its blade is placed parallel to the screws 5. The blade is inserted into the through holes 3, slightly shifted from the center to the edge, and the sawing process is started by translational-reverse movements. During the sawing process, it is controlled that the saw blade does not touch the walls of the through holes 3. Saws are made before the saw blade contacts the base 2 of the device. After the first cut, they depart from the center in the opposite direction and similarly produce the second cut. After two cuts, the screws with the handles are unscrewed and the pointed ends 5 and tweezed bone plate are removed with tweezers. Sanitize the device.

Example

The femoral head delivered from the operating head is placed on the base 2 of the device with a postoperative saw cut down. Screws with handles and pointed ends 5 are screwed opposite each other into the first threaded holes 4 from the base 2 located in opposite walls 1 until the pointed ends of the screws 5 are immersed in the bone substance of the head (Fig. 4). Screws with handles and pointed ends 5 are screwed two in two into two opposite walls 1. Check the reliability of fixation and immobility of the femoral head before starting the sawing process. The saw is introduced into the through holes 3, while its blade is placed parallel to the screws 5. The blade is inserted into the through holes 3, having shifted somewhat from the center to the edge, and the sawing process is started by translational-reverse movements. During the sawing process, it is controlled that the saw blade does not touch the walls of the through holes 3. Saws are made before the saw blade contacts the base 2 of the device. After the first cut, they depart from the center in the opposite direction and similarly produce the second cut. After two cuts, unscrew the screws with handles and pointed ends 5 and use a pair of tweezers to remove a sawn bone plate with a thickness of 3 mm. Sanitize the device.

Claims (2)

1. A device for fixing the femoral head in the process of cutting it to prepare biological material for histological examination, containing a housing, holding elements, characterized in that the housing has four vertical walls extending from the base, in the middle of each wall there is a through hole passing from the upper edge to the base, on both sides of the through hole along it are rows of threaded holes for installing retaining elements in them in the form of screws with a handle and and pointed ends. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device is made of an alloy of iron with a chrome coating.

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