RU2593153C1 - Device for protecting generator section of high-current relativistic pulse source of microwaves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pulse engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to high-voltage pulse engineering and can be used in making high-current relativistic pulsed microwave sources for protection of generator sections from collector plasma and reflected electrons. Device is a tube with cross dimension, greater than transverse dimension of electron beam, formed by generator section, and with longitudinal dimension, greater than propagation length of plasma from collector at a rate of 3·10⁷ cm/s during pulse, and on top of pipe there is a helical winding connected with a current, which creates a magnetic field perpendicular to section of pipe, field lines of which pass into generator section, wherein inlet end of pipe is covered by a plate, installed across pipe by half of cross section, and tube with cross dimension, exceeding at least twice cross dimension of electron beam in generator section, is bent along arc by a set angle.

EFFECT: technical result is improved protective characteristics of device.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to high-voltage pulse technology and can be used to create high-current relativistic pulsed microwave sources to protect their generator sections from collector plasma and reflected electrons.

A trap device is known [RU 2388099, C1, H01J 3/00, H01J 49/06, 04/27/2010] containing a hollow cylindrical electrode coated internally with a material that emits electrons into the cavity between the hollow cylindrical electrode and the central control electrode of a cylindrical shape, as well as two shielding electrodes mounted coaxially and symmetrically to the hollow cylindrical electrode on both sides at a distance from its ends, while the potential of the required magnitude and sign needed to hold the electrons in olosti, in the wall of the hollow cylindrical electrode is a hole, the axial line of which coincides with the tangent to a circle of diameter less than the inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical electrode and larger than the diameter of the central gate electrode.

The disadvantage of this device is its relatively narrow functionality, which does not allow it to be used to protect the generator sections of high-current relativistic pulsed microwave sources from collector plasma and reflected electrons.

There is also known a device-trap of reflected electrons [RU 2523447, C1, H01J 3/00, H01J 23/06, 07/20/2014], each electrode of which is made in the form of a rib curved along a screw, and the cathode is equipped with a cylindrical tip, the length of which is not less than than the length of the rib trap.

The disadvantage of this device is the relatively narrow functionality, which does not allow it to be used to protect the generator sections of high-current relativistic pulsed microwave sources from collector plasma and reflected electrons.

Closest to the proposed device is the protection of the generator section of a high-current relativistic pulsed microwave source [Voronkov SN, Loza OT, Strelkov PS Limiting the duration of the radiation pulse of microwave generators on microsecond REP // Plasma Physics, 1991, v. 17, no. 6, p. 751-755], which is installed between its generator section and the electron collector, which is a tube with a transverse dimension exceeding the transverse dimension of the electron beam formed by the generator section of the microwave source and with a longitudinal dimension exceeding the length of the plasma propagation from the collector at a rate of 3 · 10 ⁷ cm / s during the pulse, while the input end of the pipe, which is the input of the device, is connected to a horn located at the output of the generator section of the microwave source, the output end of the pipe is connected to the an electron lecturer, and a screw winding connected to a current source is made over the pipe, creating a magnetic field perpendicular to the pipe section, the lines of force of which pass into the generator section.

The disadvantage of the closest technical solution is the relatively low degree of protection of the generator sections of high-current relativistic pulsed microwave sources, since this device delays the collector plasma inside and prevents its penetration into the generator section, but practically does not prevent the reflection of electrons reflected from the collector into it.

The problem that is solved in the proposed invention is to increase the degree of protection of the generator sections of high-current relativistic pulsed microwave sources.

The required technical result is to increase the protective characteristics of the device by providing protection against penetration into the generator section not only of the collector plasma, but also of the electrons reflected from the collector.

, где r₀ - половина поперечного размера электронного пучка, формируемого генераторной секцией, В₀ - индукция магнитного поля в генераторной секции, В - индукция магнитного поля в трубе, γ - релятивистский фактор электронов, $$\frac{m{c}^2}{e}\approx 1.7кГс\cdot см$$

.The problem is solved, and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that, in the protection device of the generator section of a high-current relativistic pulsed source of microwaves, which is installed between its generator section and the electron collector and is a pipe with a transverse dimension exceeding the transverse size of the electron beam formed by the generator section and a longitudinal size larger than the plasma propagation length from the collector at a speed of 3 × 10 ⁷ cm / s during the pulse, thus, the input the first end of the pipe, which is the input of the device, is connected to the horn of the generator section, the output end of the pipe is connected to the electron collector, and a screw winding connected to the current source is created over the pipe, creating a magnetic field perpendicular to the pipe section, the lines of force of which pass into the generator section, according to the invention , the inlet end of the pipe is blocked by a plate installed across the pipe by half the cross section, and the pipe made with a transverse dimension exceeding at least twice the transverse p the size of the electron beam in the generator section is bent along an arc at an angle not less than $$\alpha =\frac{e}{m{c}^2}\frac{r_0\sqrt{B_{0}B}}{\sqrt{{\gamma }^2-\mathrm{one}}}$$

where r ₀ is half the transverse size of the electron beam formed by the generator section, B ₀ is the magnetic field induction in the generator section, B is the magnetic field induction in the tube, γ is the electron relativistic factor, $$\frac{m{c}^2}{e}\approx 1.7\mathrm{to}R\mathrm{from}\cdot \mathrm{from}m$$

.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed device differs from the closest technical solution in the transverse dimensions and shape of the pipe, as well as the presence of a half-blocked inlet end of the pipe, which allows us to conclude that the criteria of novelty and inventive step are met.

The drawing shows:

in FIG. 1 - protection device of the generator section of a high-current relativistic pulsed microwave source with output elements of the generator section and the electron collector;

- in FIG. 2 - prototype device.

On the drawing are indicated: 1 - generator section, 2 - magnetic field lines along which an electron beam (dashed line) propagates, 3 - inlet pipe end, 4 - pipe, 5 - outlet pipe end connected to the electron collector; 6 - section of the electron beam at the entrance to the tube, 7 - section of the electron beam at the electron collector, 8 - section of the beam of electrons reflected from the collector, 9 - overlapped half of the input end of the pipe.

A protective device for the generator section of a high-current relativistic pulsed microwave source is installed between its generator section 1 and the electron collector and is a pipe 4 with a transverse dimension exceeding the transverse dimension of the electron beam formed by the generator section and with a longitudinal dimension exceeding the plasma propagation length from the collector at a speed 3 · 10 ⁷ cm / s during the pulse.

In addition, in the protection device of the generator section of a high-current relativistic pulsed microwave source, the input end 3 of the pipe, which is the input of the device, is connected to the horn of the generator section 1, the output end 5 of the pipe is connected to the electron collector, and a screw winding connected to the current source is made over the pipe 4, creating a magnetic field perpendicular to the pipe section, the lines of force 2 of which pass into the generator section 1.

, где r₀ - половина поперечного электронного пучка, формируемого генераторной секцией, В₀ - индукция магнитного поля в генераторной секции, В - индукция магнитного поля в трубе, γ - релятивистский фактор электронов, $$\frac{m{c}^2}{e}\approx 1.7кГс\cdot см$$

.According to the invention, in the protection device of the generator section of a high-current relativistic pulsed microwave source, the inlet end 3 of the pipe is blocked by a plate mounted across the pipe by half the cross section, and the pipe 4, made with a transverse dimension of at least twice that of the electron beam in the generator section bent in an arc at an angle not less than $$\alpha =\frac{e}{m{c}^2}\frac{r_0\sqrt{B_{0}B}}{\sqrt{{\gamma }^2-\mathrm{one}}}$$

where r ₀ is half the transverse electron beam formed by the generator section, B ₀ is the magnetic field induction in the generator section, B is the magnetic field induction in the tube, γ is the electron relativistic factor, $$\frac{m{c}^2}{e}\approx 1.7\mathrm{to}R\mathrm{from}\cdot \mathrm{from}m$$

.

A device is used to protect the generator section of a high-current relativistic pulsed microwave source as follows.

The device is designed to prevent the ingress of plasma and electrons reflected from the collector into the generator section of the relativistic high-current microwave generator and is located between the generator section and the collector.

The device is a tube 4 of elliptical or polygonal cross section with a transverse dimension of not less than twice the transverse dimension of the electron beam, and with a longitudinal dimension exceeding the length of the plasma propagation from the collector at a speed of 3 × 10 ⁷ cm / s during the pulse. The input end 3 of the pipe, which is the input of the device, is connected to the horn of the generator section 1, the output end 5 of the pipe is connected to the electron collector, and a screw winding connected to the current source is created over the pipe 4, creating a magnetic field perpendicular to the pipe section, the lines of force 2 of which are directed to direction of the generator section 1.

, где r₀ - половина поперечного размера электронного пучка, формируемого генераторной секцией, В₀ - индукция магнитного поля в генераторной секции, В - индукция магнитного поля в трубе, γ - релятивистский фактор электронов, $$\frac{m{c}^2}{e}\approx 1.7кГс\cdot см$$

.The inlet end 3 of the pipe is blocked by a plate installed across the pipe by half the cross section, and the pipe 4, made with a transverse dimension of at least twice the transverse dimension of the electron beam in the generator section, is bent in an arc by an angle not less than $$\alpha =\frac{e}{m{c}^2}\frac{r_0\sqrt{B_{0}B}}{\sqrt{{\gamma }^2-\mathrm{one}}}$$

where r ₀ is half the transverse size of the electron beam formed by the generator section, B ₀ is the magnetic field induction in the generator section, B is the magnetic field induction in the tube, γ is the electron relativistic factor, $$\frac{m{c}^2}{e}\approx 1.7\mathrm{to}R\mathrm{from}\cdot \mathrm{from}m$$

.

The pipe 4 is bent and with it the magnetic field lines are bent. Electrons move along spiral paths along the lines of force of a uniform magnetic field. When the field lines are curved, the electrons moving along them along spiral paths shift (drift) perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the field lines. The main feature of such a drift is that the direction of displacement does not depend on the direction of motion along the field line. The electron beam from the generator section 1 penetrates into the open part of the input end 3 of the pipe and, shifting relative to the magnetic lines of force perpendicular to the plane of bending of the pipe, reaches the output end 5 of the pipe connected to the electron collector. Part of the electrons is reflected from the collector, i.e. an oncoming electron beam with a transverse size equal to the beam size on the collector is formed. Electrons of the oncoming beam move from the collector to the inlet end 3 of the pipe, gradually shifting perpendicular to the plane of bending of the pipe in the same direction as the electrons moving to the collector. Thus, as you move away from the collector and approach the pipe inlet, the cross sections of the two opposing electron beams are gradually aligned. For complete misregistration of two opposing electron beams in the input section of the pipe, it is necessary that the bending angle of the pipe be at least

, $$\alpha =\frac{e}{m{c}^2}\frac{r_0\sqrt{B_{0}B}}{\sqrt{{\gamma }^2-\mathrm{one}}}$$

,

.where r ₀ is half the transverse size of the electron beam formed by the generator section, B ₀ is the magnetic field induction in the generator section, B is the magnetic field induction in the pipe, γ is the relativistic electron factor, $$\frac{m{c}^2}{e}\approx 1.7\mathrm{to}R\mathrm{from}\cdot \mathrm{from}m$$

.

The radius of rotation of the pipe is not significant. With an excessively large radius, the volume of the pipe with a magnetic field inside it and energy loss to create this field increase, but this does not affect the operability of the device.

, где r₀ - половина поперечного размера электронного пучка, формируемого генераторной секцией, В₀ - индукция магнитного поля в генераторной секции, В - индукция магнитного поля в трубе, γ - релятивистский фактор электронов, $$\frac{m{c}^2}{e}\approx 1.7кГс\cdot см$$

, в устройстве достигается требуемый технический результат, заключающийся в повышении защитных характеристик устройства, поскольку в нем обеспечивается защита от проникновения в генераторную секцию не только коллекторной плазмы, но и отраженных с коллектора электронов.Thus, due to the fact that, in contrast to the closest technical solution in the proposed device, the inlet end of the pipe is cut by half the cross section, and the pipe made with a transverse dimension exceeding at least twice the transverse dimension of the electron beam formed by the generator section is bent along an arc at an angle no less $$\alpha =\frac{e}{m{c}^2}\frac{r_0\sqrt{B_{0}B}}{\sqrt{{\gamma }^2-\mathrm{one}}}$$

where r ₀ is half the transverse size of the electron beam formed by the generator section, B ₀ is the magnetic field induction in the generator section, B is the magnetic field induction in the tube, γ is the electron relativistic factor, $$\frac{m{c}^2}{e}\approx 1.7\mathrm{to}R\mathrm{from}\cdot \mathrm{from}m$$

, the device achieves the required technical result, which consists in increasing the protective characteristics of the device, since it provides protection against penetration into the generator section of not only collector plasma, but also electrons reflected from the collector.

Claims (1)

The protection device of the generator section of a high-current relativistic pulsed microwave source, which is installed between its generator section and the electron collector and is a pipe with a transverse dimension exceeding the transverse dimension of the electron beam formed by the generator section and with a longitudinal dimension exceeding the length of the plasma propagation from the collector at a speed 3 · 10 ⁷ cm / s during the pulse, while the input end of the pipe, which is the input of the device, is connected to the horn of the generator section one end of the pipe is connected to the electron collector, and a screw winding connected to the current source is created over the pipe, creating a magnetic field perpendicular to the pipe section, the lines of force of which pass into the generator section, characterized in that the input end of the pipe is overlapped by a plate installed halfway across the pipe sections, and a pipe made with a transverse dimension exceeding at least twice the transverse size of the electron beam in the generator section is bent in an arc at an angle not less than

where r ₀ is half the transverse size of the electron beam formed by the generator section, B ₀ is the magnetic field induction in the generator section, B is the magnetic field induction in the pipe, γ is the relativistic electron factor,

.

Images