RU2592630C1 - Device for water intake of small flowing waterfalls - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydrology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for intake of water samples at measurement of local and general water consumption small flowing falls, where water draining area can be several tens of square metres. Water intake device comprises vessel secured to holder with water intake part and catch-water part connected to water flow rate meter. To increase accuracy of measuring water flow rate of small flowing waterfalls vessel on side of water intake part at input contains compression ring with sealing ring arranged along outline of front part made of soft waterproof material, for example polyurethane foam. At that, water-drain part of vessel is made passing to pipe, to which flexible hose is attached connected to water flow rate meter. Water flow rate meter is measuring tank or standard mechanical flow meter. At that, reservoir for water intake is composed of rigid cylinder with water discharge branch pipe either in form of flexible conical funnel with smooth or corrugated surface. For convenience in operation holder is made in form of handle attached from end side to clamping ring.

EFFECT: higher operating performances and accuracy of measuring water flow rate.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydrology and hydrobiology, and in particular to devices for sampling water when measuring flow and chemical composition in small flowing waterfalls, where the area of water runoff can be several tens of square meters.

With flowing slit waterfalls, water breaks out in jets through relatively narrow slots formed between the horizontal layers of the strongest rock. Under these conditions, it is important to know both the local and the total flow rate of streaming waterfalls. The availability of such data will make it possible to track the dynamics of changes in water flows caused by filtration processes by the level of their flow through slots formed between rock slabs, and also to predict the possibility of a dangerous ice build-up threatening in winter on steep rocky slopes adjacent to transport highways a collapse on the highway. The main problem in solving these problems is the selection of water flowing out of the cracks in the rock wall, from which flowing streams of water come. Special devices for these purposes still do not exist. Known technical solutions are intended mainly for water intake from the depths of water bodies and rivers for subsequent analysis of water for the presence of various chemical elements and other contaminants. It is known, for example, a device for sampling water from wells, which contains a water inlet chamber with a drain valve and a plug covering its outlet with air outlet channels, a tube rigidly fixed inside the chamber and forming a sealed cavity, the end of the tube is located under the chamber and forms an inlet (A.S. USSR No. 1445301, class No. 21B 49/08, 1986). The device is a rather complex design and is intended solely for sampling groundwater from wells. This device is not suitable for sampling water when measuring water flow in small flowing slit waterfalls.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed object is a device (bathometer) for sampling water GR-16, which is a container in the form of a bottle attached to a hydrometer rod type GR-56 M, equipped with valves and tail unit to give the device the correct position in water flow (Manual for hydrometeorological stations and posts. Issue 2, part II. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1975, - 264 p.) PROTOTYPE.

The bathometer is designed to take a water sample from a given depth of rivers and natural reservoirs in order to study the physical and chemical properties of water, as well as the organic and inorganic inclusions contained in it. This device is a periodic device, functionally limited and can only be used to take a limited amount of water sample to determine its physical and chemical composition. The device in the current version for continuous sampling of water and determining its flow rate in flowing waterfalls flowing from slots formed between slabs of rock is not suitable, and the use of the device for these purposes can lead to significant errors.

The technical result of the claimed technical solution is a device for water intake of small (flowing) waterfalls, increasing its functionality and accuracy of measuring water flow.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device for water intake of small flowing waterfalls with the subsequent determination of the flow rate of water flowing from cracks and cracks of steep rock containing a container attached to the holder with a water intake part and a drainage part connected to a water flow meter, a tank with the side of the water intake part contains a clamping ring at the inlet with a sealing ring made of a soft waterproof material, for example placed along the contour of its front part, for example foam, while the drainage part of the tank is made into a pipe to which a flexible hose is attached, connected to a water flow meter, the holder is made in the form of a handle attached to the side or end surface of the pressure ring.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that as a meter of water flow, a measured capacity or a standard mechanical flow meter is used.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the water intake tank is made in the form of a rigid cylinder with a water outlet pipe or in the form of a flexible conical funnel with a smooth or corrugated surface.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the clamping ring can be made cylindrical, square or ellipsoidal.

The proposed device allows to increase the accuracy of measuring the local and total water flow of small flowing waterfalls. This provides the possibility of simultaneous sampling for quantitative and qualitative analysis of water for the presence of various chemical elements and compounds in them, which expands the functionality of the device.

The figures (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) show a general view of the device with a cylindrical intake part in two projections.

The figures (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) show a general view of the device, where the water intake tank is made in the form of a flexible cone-shaped corrugated funnel (Fig. 3), as well as a funnel with a smooth surface (Fig. 4).

The device comprises a container 2 attached to the holder 1, where on the intake side it contains a pressure ring 3 with a sealing ring 4. The sealing ring 4 is made of soft waterproof material, for example, water-repellent foam rubber. In this case, the drainage part of the container 2 is made into a pipe 5, to the end of which a flexible hose 6 is attached, connected to a water flow meter 7. The holder 1 can be made in the form of a handle attached from the end to the clamping ring 3. It can have an arcuate shape ( Fig. 3 - Fig. 4), or another - convenient for use form, presented, for example, in the figures (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

The clamping ring 3 may have a cylindrical, square or ellipsoidal shape (not shown in the figures of the configuration of the clamping ring). Capacity 2 can be made in the form of a rigid cylinder with a drain pipe 5 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), or in the form of a flexible funnel with corrugated (Fig. 3), or smooth (Fig. 4) walls. As a water flow meter, you can use the measuring tank 7 or a standard mechanical flow meter (mechanical flow meter is not shown in the figures).

The device operates as follows.

The rocky surface, where water flows from, is divided into horizontal and vertical stripes. Then, tightly pressing the intake part of the device to the selected area of the rock surface, water is taken into the measuring tank 7. At the same time, the time of water intake is recorded. Then, by the amount of water in the tank 7 and the time of its intake, the flow rate of water is determined at a given local point on a steep rocky surface. In a similar way, the flow rate of a flowing waterfall is determined from all local selected points of a steep rock surface, and as a result, the total flow rate of a flowing waterfall is determined by summing up. At the same time, if necessary, determine the chemical composition of water and other analyzes.

The proposed device provides a fence and a measurement of the flow of water of small (flowing) waterfalls with the necessary accuracy both in width and in height levels of the rock mass, where the outflow occurs. At the same time, the functional capabilities of the device are expanded, since the possibility of simultaneous sampling for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the water of flowing waterfalls for the presence of various chemical elements and compounds in them is provided.

At present, a prototype device has been manufactured, the testing of which is planned to be carried out in spring after the melting of ice growths formed in winter on the surface of rocky plumb lines, from which flowing waterfalls flow.

Claims (4)

1. Device for water intake of small flowing waterfalls with subsequent determination of the flow rate of water flowing out from cracks and cracks of steep rock, containing a container attached to the holder with a water intake part and a water discharge part connected to a water flow meter, characterized in that the capacity is from the water intake side the part contains a clamping ring at the inlet with a sealing ring made of soft waterproof material, for example foam rubber, placed along the contour of its front part, and a drainage part in this case, the container is made into a pipe to which a flexible hose is attached, connected to a water flow meter, while the holder is made in the form of a handle attached to the side or end surface of the pressure ring. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a measured capacity or a standard mechanical flow meter is used as a water flow meter. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the tank for water intake is made in the form of a rigid cylinder with a water outlet for water or in the form of a flexible conical funnel with a smooth or corrugated surface. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the clamping ring can be made cylindrical, square or ellipsoidal.

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