RU2592446C1 - Vacuum drainage system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to reclamation and can be used for drying soil especially heavy soil on mechanical composition with automatic control of ground water level. In intake well 5 in base of V-shaped pipe 3 there is under-valve chamber 7 with additional inlet pipe 8 with valve 9. Valve 9 closes hole of inlet connection pipe 8 by pressing float 10 with open water-filled vessel 11, placed in housing 12, moving along guides 13. Valve 9 is rigidly attached to rod 15. In middle part of rod 15 there is membrane 16 fixed in housing 17. To upper part of housing 17 in form of cover there is rigidly attached bottom of housing 12, in which there is float 10 with vessel 11 arranged on spring 18. Upper part of rod 15 via washer 20 is connected with bottom of float 10 with vessel 11. Water filled vessel 11 has calibrated hole 14. In lower part of rod 15 there is guide sleeve 21. Under-valve chamber 7 from above is covered by mesh 22. Spring 18 serves to maintain float 10 with vessel 11 at closing or opening valve 9 in under-valve chamber 7, and is also a sensitive element for displacement of float 10 with vessel 11 and eliminates impact load between housing 17 and float 10 with vessel 11, as well as valve 9 on end of pipe 8. Opening of holes in pipe 8 in under-valve chamber 7 takes place only after releasing water-filled vessel 11 of float 10 from water via calibrated hole 14 in well 5. As a result automatic operating mode of V-shaped pipe 3 is provided and in whole control level in mode of removal of excess water during vegetation period, corresponding to lifting of level of ground water from maximum to minimum level.

EFFECT: higher reliability of device, higher accuracy of control and wider range of equipment intended to control water level in well equipped with a microporous material and controller.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to land reclamation and can be used to drain soils, especially those of heavy mechanical composition, with automatic regulation of groundwater levels.

There is a known groundwater level regulator installed in a manhole and containing a poppet valve with a float actuator, the housing of which is mounted on the drain head, a chamber with a float installed in it and a groundwater level sensor in the form of a tubular filter (Copyright certificate SU No. 763515, ЕОВВ 11 / 00 from 09/15/1980).

The known device is difficult to manufacture, during operation due to the siltation and ochering of the tube filter sensor, the specified pressure is not maintained with sufficient accuracy, while the tube filter is located 3-5 m above the well at a characteristic point of the depression curve, i.e. cannot work in the entire range of regulation of drainage water, depending on fluctuations in the water level in the drainage system.

In addition, the design with a poppet valve, interconnected with the possibility of moving relative to each other in the welded body, is difficult to operate and leads to the need to create significant efforts to overcome the hydrostatic pressure in the welded body, acting on the entire area of the poppet when it is opened. These efforts reduce the reliability of the device and, consequently, the reliability of its operation. It is also not reliable due to the friction of the rack on the vertical rod, debris and the inability to control the system to completely balance the lever device in two opposite directions, which entails the randomness of its position.

A device for regulating the level of groundwater, comprising a well with a drain head placed therein, equipped with a locking member, a float actuator installed in a chamber that is in communication with the well, and a pipe connected to the drain (Copyright certificate SU No. 1013560, ЕВВ 11/00 from 04/23/1984).

The disadvantage of this device is that it cannot control the downstream, and therefore can not be used in receiving wells with the corresponding values of the initial gradient for a given soil in the cost-passing system. In addition, the use of a float chamber does not provide the required tightness in pressure wells and sufficient reliability of the device. At the same time, the use of a lever and a throttle directly in the well itself complicates the design and increases the error in stabilizing a given flow rate and the need to adjust the float with a spillway shutter in each specific application in real conditions.

A known vacuum drainage system comprising discharge and inlet drains, a storage tank in communication with a drainage drain through a siphon, the system is equipped with a viewing well in which a siphon is mounted, and the storage tank is connected to the well by a connecting pipe with a float valve located in the well and an overflow pipe with a non-return valve, while the siphon is connected to the float valve, a flexible hose having openings and a float located inside, covering the openings (Copyright certificate SU No. 1381241, Е02В 11/00 from 03/15/1988).

The disadvantage of this system is that the structure containing the float connected to the shutter and mounted on the rack with the ability to move, in general, does not provide sufficient sensitivity, which is associated with a large friction of the float on the rack with the shutter if it is skewed when the water pressure is on the plane shutter with a fleeting change in the water level in the storage tank, this is due to the rubbing surface that passes directly through the entire float. In addition, it is not suitable for a relatively low level in the well, designed to operate only a siphon, the throughput of which is limited by the hole covered by the float. These disadvantages reduce the reliability of operation of the device, and therefore, the reliability of operation and design complexity.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a vacuum drainage system, including a sealed receiving well, a manifold and drains made of microporous material connected to an elbow located in the receiving well, the elbow is made in a V-shape, connected to the collector and equipped with the lower part of the valve controlled by the water level in the soil, and the inner surface of the well is lined with finely porous material, removed in the upper part of the well or on the day overhnost or plowed into the soil below the horizon (Author's Certificate SU №1232742, E02V 11/00 from 23.05.1986).

The disadvantage of this system is that the low reliability of the valve, controlled by the water level in the soil, in particular when regulating groundwater, corresponds to the value of the initial gradient for a given soil. In addition, the well is emptied mainly with finely porous material discharged at the top of the well or into the soil, however, this process is slow and long, which does not allow the well to be free of water in time and to automate the process of ending the discharge and reducing the drainage flow of the regulator installed on the bottom V-shaped pipe, i.e. slowed down groundwater and reduced soil moisture with finely porous material, as well as insufficient reliability of the device.

The technical result from the use of the claimed invention is to increase the reliability and accuracy of regulation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the vacuum drainage system, including a sealed receiving well, a manifold and drains made of microporous material, connected to an elbow located in the receiving well, the elbow is made in a V-shape, connected to the collector and equipped with a lower its parts by a valve controlled by the water level in the soil, and the inner surface of the well is made of finely porous material, brought out in the upper part of the well to the day surface or to the soil e plow layer, V-shaped pipe in the base has a built-in sub-valve chamber with an additional inlet pipe with the possibility of blocking the inlet with a valve connected via a rod to a float with a water-filled tank with a calibrated hole placed in the housing, while the spring is installed between the membrane housing cover and adjustable float with capacity.

In addition, the under-valve chamber is blocked from above by a grid with a guide sleeve through which the valve stem is passed.

The proposed vacuum drainage system is aimed at eliminating these drawbacks due to the design, which allows, due to the operation of the sub-valve chamber and an adjustable float with a water-filled tank, to lower the groundwater level and reduce soil moisture to a minimum when the water flow increases to maximum values in the receiving well, which are dangerous to overfill it. This is due to a change in the hydrological conditions of drainage, when the flow of water through finely porous material brought out to the top of the well or into the soil will need to be quickly reduced in time to minimal evaporation, as a result of which the level depletion in the well should be accelerated. The process of accumulation and emptying when lowering the groundwater level is interconnected with the work of the well, respectively, the emptying of the well will continue until there is an outflow of water through the under-valve chamber with an open hole in the additional inlet pipe, which is regulated by a float with a water-filled tank and its discharge, with a spring, the rod of the float, which is connected with a membrane actuator. It should be noted that there is a positive factor in the presence of a washing protective mesh fixed on top of the under-valve chamber with a sleeve through which the valve stem is passed. At the same time, the sleeve can also play the role of a limiter when moving upward the valve, the stem of which is connected with the membrane and depends on the tension of the spring supporting the float with a container to accelerate its ascent upward. As a result, the valve opens smoothly when the float with the chamber is free of water in automatic mode to discharge water from the well with a minimum level of groundwater in the ground.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution and the prototype shows that in the claimed combination of features, some of the essential features are new, therefore, the claimed solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

The vacuum drainage system is illustrated by drawing material.

The drawing shows the proposed vacuum drainage system, a longitudinal section.

The vacuum drainage system includes drains 1 made of microporous material and connected to a drainage collector 2, the mouth of which is equipped with a cranked V-shaped pipe 3.

The opposite end of the pipe 3 is discharged into a discharge network, for example, a discharge manifold 4. A V-shaped pipe 3 is placed in a receiving well 5. In a well 5 at the bottom (base) of the V-shaped pipe 3, a housing 6 is installed with an undervalve chamber 7 with an additional pipe 8 with a valve 9, which closes the opening of the inlet pipe 8 by pressing the float 10 with an open water-filled tank 11, located in the housing 12, moving along the guides 13 and having a calibrated drain hole 14. The valve 9 is rigidly attached to the stem 15. In Wed a membrane 16 is attached to the back of the rod 15, fixed in the housing 17. To the upper part of the housing 17 in the form of a cover, the housing 12 (casing) is rigidly attached, in which the float 10 with a capacity of 11 is located, located on the spring 18 and outside the insulating bellows 19 for separation cavities from water between the housing cover 17 and the float 10 through which the rod 15 passes. The upper part of the rod 15 is connected through the washer 20 to the bottom of the float 10 with a capacity of 11.

A sleeve 21 is installed in the lower part of the stem 15, which serves as a guide for the stem 15 with the valve 9, connected to the grid 22 by a cross (not shown) that overlaps the undervalve chamber 7 from above.

The guide sleeve 21 can simultaneously serve as a stop indicator for opening the valve 9 and raising the float 10 with a capacity of 11 in the absence of water in it, the movement of the float is limited by the extension of the installed spring 18.

The diameter of the valve 9 is less than the diameter of the membrane 16 so as to obtain a hydrostatic force that can close the water outlet valve 9 with the rod 15 from the weight of the water filled to the tank 11 of the float 10 from above, having a calibrated hole 14 with subsequent drainage of water into the well 5, and to empty the tank 11 of the float 10 in the case when the water level in the storage well 5 is minimal and does not exceed the corresponding value of the initial gradient to the level corresponding to the required drainage rate (for example, mark “c”).

Thus, the under-valve chamber 7 with the valve 9 with the grid 22 is separated from the influence of the water level in the well 5, which reliably ensures the operation of the float 10 with a water-filled capacity 11 supported by the compression spring 18, as well as closing the additional inlet pipe 8 and the clogging of the under-valve chamber 7 is eliminated , while the grid 22 is simultaneously washed with a stream of water passing from above and from below through the chamber 7 with the valve 9 open, since in this case the V-shaped pipe 3 operates in the "siphon" mode, the end of the pipe 3 is discharged into the waste water collector 4 below the bottom mark (base) of the V-shaped pipe 3. The vacuum drainage system operates as follows.

With an excessive natural rise in the water level above the one set in the soil and, accordingly, the water level in the drains and in the receiving well 5 changes, where it is installed in the middle part of the V-shaped pipe 3 with a level regulator. In the water level mode to the maximum mark, water enters the open tank 11 of the float 10, depriving it of buoyancy, which under the influence of the weight of water will fall down, compressing the spring 18, closing the valve 9, and stops the water supply to the subvalve chamber 7 from below due to the rod 15 moving along with the bend of the membrane 16. In this case, the excess water drains to the discharge manifold 4 as much as possible along the discharge elbow of the V-shaped nozzle 3, and the drains will work in a mode close to gravity with minimal negative pressure. Simultaneously with a decrease in the groundwater level and a decrease in soil moisture, both the finely porous material in the upper part of the well 5 and the open tank 11 of the float 10 begin to empty at the base of it from the water through a calibrated drain hole 14 into the well 5 to transfer water to the subvalve chamber 7. In this case, in the position of controlled drainage when emptying the container 11 of the float 10, simultaneously under the action of the spring force 18, the float 10 also rises, while the rod 15 with the bend of the membrane 16 lifts the valve 9 up and away undermines access water from the well 5 via a further inlet pipe 8 into the chamber 7. Water subvalvular of subvalvular chamber 7 flows through the mesh 22 in V-shaped tube 3 and further into the waste manifold 4, the conduit 3, which operates in the "trap" mode. The valve 9 in the upper position abuts against the end face of the sleeve 21, forming a cross-sectional view in the grid 22 and sediment flushing on it, which are entrained in water during operation of the discharge end of the pipe 3 (suspended particles of soil are sucked off) with discharge to the collector 4.

A small amount of water in the well 5 may gradually be emptied with finely porous material discharged at the top of the well 5.

Thus, given the operation of the level regulator built into the base (bottom) of the V-shaped pipe 3, which is characterized by a gradual decrease in the excess water in it during the drainage of excess water during the growing season, corresponding to a rise in the groundwater level above the minimum mark, and on the contrary, for a given soil, valve 15 closes or opens, and the system, after filling the V-shape of pipe 3, works continuously reliably in gravity mode. The operation of the regulator is also reliable at any level difference in the well and in a fixed position between the cover of the membrane body and the bottom of the float, adjusted by the force of the spring, which interacts with the operation of the stem with the valve.

The control device operates in an automatic mode, more simple in design and reliable in operation, allows you to more accurately adjust the lower limit of the water level in the well using the under-valve chamber built in from the bottom of the curved nozzle in its middle part, and the use of the grid prevents suspended sediment from entering the cavity of the under-valve chamber and the possibility of washing it with water.

Claims (2)

1. The vacuum drainage system, including a sealed receiving well, a manifold and drains made of microporous material, connected to a bent pipe located in the receiving well, the bent pipe is made in a V-shape, connected to the manifold and equipped with a controlled valve installed in its lower part the water level in the soil, and the inner surface of the well is lined with finely porous material, brought out in the upper part of the well to the day surface or to the soil below the arable horizon, characterized in that The V-shaped nozzle at the base has a built-in sub-valve chamber with an additional inlet nozzle with the possibility of blocking the inlet by a valve connected through the stem to a float with a water-filled container with a calibrated outlet located in the housing, with a spring installed between the membrane housing cover and the adjustable float with capacity. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sub-valve chamber is blocked from above by a grid with a guide sleeve through which the valve stem is passed.

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