RU2592054C1 - Element of phased antenna array - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: antennae.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ultrahigh frequency (UHF) engineering and is intended for use in phased antenna array (PAA) with circular polarization of K-range as control element. PAA element contains waveguide ferrite phase shifter with magnetic memory, installed in casing 1, made with radiators 2 on ferrite rod 3 in form of round cross-section rotation body and partial metal coating of side surface, on metal-coated section 4 thereof is control winding 5 and two U-shape magnetic paths 6, and printed circuit board 7 fixed on housing 1. Housing 1 is made with part of hollow cylinder in form of sector of 280-290 degrees angle for connection to printed circuit board 7, and is equipped with end locking metal sleeves 8 with round hole for installation of ferrite rod 3. Radiators 2 are made integral with ferrite rod 3 in form of symmetric, non-metallised, stepped transitions at its ends. Printed circuit board is made with control elements for control winding 2 (magnetising) of phase shifter with dimensions, not extending beyond said case in horizontal direction. PAA element has all four types of parts, which provides maximum simplicity of manufacturing and assembly thereof. Small-sized PAA element of through type has stable symmetrical structure of low weight.

EFFECT: technical result consists in compact and symmetry of its design without increasing its transverse sizes, at reduced spread of phase characteristics and increased stability.

6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for ultra-high frequency (microwave) and is intended for use in a phased array (PAR) loop type with circular polarization of the K-band as a control element.

A known element of the passage phased antenna array (PAR) containing receiving and aperture dielectric emitters (DI), a case in the form of a thin-walled sleeve and a Faraday-type waveguide ferrite phase shifter (PV), consisting of a ferrite rod (FS) in the form of an N-facet prism (N ≥4), placed together with its longitudinal magnetization winding inside the magnetic circuit in the form of N U-shaped ferrite brackets, one on each face of the FS, and the waveguide of the PAR element includes a waveguide formed by a conductive film Dielectric inserts in the form of washers are placed between the ends of the FS and the ends of the MDI, the ferrite block is fixed in the housing with dielectric washers, the outer surface of which, like the shelves of ferrite staples, is made in the form of the inner surface case, the dielectric emitter has the shape of a round rod, at the end of which a matching transformer is installed (patent RU No. 2451931, IPC H01Q 21/00, Н01Р 1/19, publ. September 20, 2012).

The disadvantage of this design is the presence of a sufficiently large number of parts of the headlamp element (depending on the number of faces on the wall), as well as the connection of the longitudinal magnetization coil with the headlamp switching circuit with flexible or rigid conductors, which is an additional mounting operation, and, given the large number of headlamp elements, this is a rather large laboriousness of assembly work.

A known aperture phase shifter in a headlamp of a passage type, containing coaxially located ferrite rod with metallization of the side surface throughout, a coil with a control winding on the frame, two U-shaped magnetic circuits symmetrically located on both sides of the control winding, step coordinators, flanges for docking devices with inlet and outlet waveguide paths, moreover, the frame of the coil made of plastic, to which are attached using Leu flanges and all other details (utility model patent RU №39227, IPC N01R 1/19, publ. 20.07.2004 city).

The transverse dimensions of the product are a maximum diameter of 6.3 mm, the total length of the product is 43 mm. The disadvantage of this design is the large number of parts (at least ten parts) and sufficiently large mass and size characteristics.

A known element of a phased array antenna (PAR) of a passage type, comprising input and output dielectric emitters and a Faraday-type waveguide ferrite phase shifter, consisting of a magnetizing winding located inside the magnetic circuit and a ferrite rod installed inside it in the form of a regular N-faced prism with the number of faces N ≥4, the magnetic circuit is made in the form of U-shaped brackets, one on each face of the ferrite rod, the waveguide of the PAR element is formed by a side-conducting conductive coating surface of the ferrite rod and also has two waveguides of emitters, two matching waveguides, the diameter of which is greater than or equal to the diameter of the circle described around the cross section of the ferrite rod, and two short circuits with holes along the axis, each matching dielectric insert is made in the form of a coaxial series washer connection and a rod installed along the axis inside the hole in the cylindrical shank of the dielectric emitter, and the PAR element is placed inside the body in the form of a metal a cylindrical sleeve connected to the waveguides of the emitters by an adhesive connection, and on the outer surface of the housing there is a printed circuit board, to the contacts of which are connected the wires of the magnetizing winding, brought out through the grooves in the housing (patent RU No. 2323241, IPC H01Q 21/00, Н01Р 1/19, publ. . May 27, 2008).

The known element of the phased array has a cylindrical body with a printed circuit board fixed to its side surface for connecting the magnetizing winding wire and a rather complicated structure consisting of many parts (at least fifteen parts). Since the step of the K-band antenna array is sufficiently small (units of millimeters), the distance between the elements in this design is sufficient only for desoldering (on a printed circuit board) conductors from the beam control system.

Closest to the claimed invention is a PAR element as part of a module of a passage phased array antenna that transmits electromagnetic waves polarized in a circle and contains receiving and aperture dielectric emitters (DI), a Faraday waveguide ferrite phase shifter (PV) and a case in the form of a thin-walled sleeve moreover, the PV consists of a ferrite rod (FS) in the form of an N-faced prism (N≥4), placed together with the longitudinal magnetization winding inside the magnetic circuit in the form of U-shaped ferrite c about, located one on each face of the FS, each MDI has a cylindrical part inside and outside the emitter waveguide, a conical part and at the end a cylindrical matching transformer, the conclusions of the magnetizing winding being connected to the contact pads of the printed circuit board of the PAR element (patent RU No. 2461930, IPC H01Q 21/00, published on September 20, 2012 - a prototype).

The well-known PAR element is difficult to manufacture, does not have compactness, and does not allow placing magnetization coil controls on a printed circuit board.

A common drawback of the above designs is the transmission of control signals to the magnetization winding of the phase shifter by flexible insulated conductors or printed conductors. Due to the large number of elements in the PAR, the lengths of the conductors connecting the control keys to the magnetizing windings differ significantly depending on the location of the element in the PAR. Since the ohmic resistance of the conductors is comparable with the resistance of the magnetization winding of the phase shifter, the amplitudes of the control signals supplied to specific elements of the PAR will have different values. The difference in the amplitudes of the control signals supplied to the control elements installed in various places of the PAR means that their phase characteristics differ from those required, which generally leads to a deterioration in the characteristics of the PAR.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages inherent in the known elements of the HEADLIGHTS: ensuring maximum compactness, simplifying the design and, as a result, increasing its serial suitability, as well as the possibility of arranging the control elements of the phase shifter on the printed circuit board, which is part of the PAR element for its installation on the backplane .

The technical result of the proposed PAR element is to ensure compactness and symmetry of its structure without increasing its transverse dimensions while reducing the spread of phase characteristics and increasing their stability.

The essence of the invention is that the phased array element (PAR) contains a printed circuit board with controls for the control (magnetization) winding 2 of the phase shifter that does not extend horizontally outside the housing (equal to the height of the housing) to increase the stability of the position of the PAR element on the backplane.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the phased array element containing a waveguide ferrite phase shifter with magnetic memory located in the housing, made with emitters on a ferrite rod with partial metallization, on the metallized portion of which there is a control winding and two magnetic cores, and a printed circuit board mounted on the housing , the ferrite rod is made with a round cross-section, the emitters are made in one piece with the ferrite rod in the form of symmetrical non-metallic bath stepped transitions at its ends, the housing is made with a part of a hollow cylinder in the form of a sector for connection with a printed circuit board and is equipped with end fixing bushings with a round hole for installing a ferrite rod, and the printed circuit board is connected to the back surface with the housing along the edges of the cut, forming part of the hollow cylinder in the form of a sector.

Preferably, the housing is made in the form of a part of a hollow cylinder in the form of a sector with an angle of 280-290 degrees.

It is advisable to make the housing of a thin-walled spring material.

Preferably, the printed circuit board in cross section is not protruding beyond the dimensions of the housing.

The printed circuit board is expediently made with the possibility of arranging the controls of the magnetizing winding.

It is advisable to have at the ends of the body of the platform, made in one piece with a part of the hollow cylinder in the form of a sector, for the formation of split ring retainers.

When conducting patent research, no solutions were found that are identical to the claimed, and therefore, the proposed solution meets the criterion of "novelty." The invention does not follow explicitly from the known solutions, therefore, the proposed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

In FIG. 1 shows an element of a phased array antenna.

In FIG. 2 shows a ferrite core with partial metallization.

In FIG. 3 shows a case of a phased array antenna element.

FIG. 4 shows a section AA in FIG. 3.

In FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of phased array elements on the backplane.

In FIG. 1-5 the following notation is accepted:

1 - housing;

2 - emitters (in the form of step transitions on a ferrite rod 3);

3 - ferrite core (with partial metallization);

4 - metallized area (ferrite rod 3);

5 - control winding;

6 - magnetic cores (U-shaped);

7 - printed circuit board;

8 - end fixing bushings;

9 - edges of the cut (forming the housing 1 in the form of a part of a hollow cylinder in the form of a sector);

10 - site (for the formation of split ring retainers 11 at the ends of the housing 1);

11 - split ring retainers (housing 1);

12- backplane.

β is the angle of the sector (building 1).

L is the distance from the axis of the PAR element to the printed circuit board.

An element of a phased array antenna of a through type comprises a waveguide ferrite phase shifter with magnetic memory located in the housing 1, made with emitters 2 on a ferrite rod 3 with partial metallization of the side surface, on the metallized portion 4 (with a conductive coating) of which there is a control winding 5 and two magnetic circuits 6 U-shaped, and mounted on the housing 1, the circuit board 7. The ferrite rod 3 is a body of revolution with a circular cross section.

The housing 1 is made with a part of a hollow cylinder in the form of a sector with an angle of 280-290 degrees for connection with a printed circuit board 7 and is equipped with end fixing sleeves 8 made of metal with a round hole for installing a ferrite rod 3, which are fixed with conductive adhesive, in particular NTK, for reduce attenuation of microwave energy and achieve the necessary strength of the connection. In this case, the outer sides of these bushings 8 are installed flush with the edges of the metallized portion 4 of the ferrite rod 3. The housing 1 is installed on the end fixing bushings 8 with glue, which in cross section is a sector with an angle of 280-290 degrees. The housing 1 is made of a durable thin-walled spring material, for example, bronze with a thickness of 40-50 μm and has at the ends of the platform 10, made in one piece with a part of the hollow cylinder in the form of a sector for the formation of split ring retainers 11, providing quick and easy fixation of the housing 1 on end fixing bushings 4. In this case, the housing 5 does not protrude beyond the diameter of the end fixing bushings 4.

The housing 1, fixed in the end fixing bushings 4, gives rigidity to the design of the PAR element. A printed circuit board 7 with control elements of a control winding 5 (magnetization) is glued to the housing 1, the printed circuit board 7 being connected by a back surface to the housing 1 along the cut edges 9, forming a part of the hollow cylinder in the form of a sector, which imparts structural rigidity. The circuit board 7 in cross section is made not protruding beyond the dimensions of the housing 1 and

contains control elements of the control winding 5 (magnetization). The PCB 7 of the PAR element is connected to the backplane 12 in the PAR through the pads.

The ferrite rod 3 is preferably made with a circular cross-section, and the emitters 2 it is advisable to integrate with the ferrite rod 3 in the form of symmetrical not metallized step transitions at its ends.

Thus, the proposed PAR element has only four types of parts (housing, ferrite rod, end fixing sleeve, magnetic circuit), which ensures maximum ease of its manufacture and assembly.

In the cross section of the PAR element, as shown in FIG. 5, the printed circuit board 7 does not extend beyond the generatrix of the housing 1. Size L, even with a tight installation of the elements in the HEADLIGHTER, can be used to place on the printed circuit board 7 control elements of the control (magnetization) winding 2 of the phase shifter. The implementation of the printed circuit board 7 with a height equal to the height of the end fixing bushings 8 and the housing 1, ensures the stability of the position of the PAR element due to the increase of the touch points to two on the backplane 12 (simultaneous contact of the printed circuit board 7 and the housing 1), which increases the strength and durability of the structure element to shock and vibration.

The proposed element of the PAR type through passage works as follows. The circular polarization wave from the PAR illuminator is supplied to the emitter 2, made at one end of the ferrite rod 3, excites a type H ₁₁ wave in the phase shifter waveguide, consisting of a metallic ferrite rod 3 with a control winding 5 wound around its axis and two magnetic circuits 6. From the phase shifter output an electromagnetic wave enters another emitter 2, made at the other end of the ferrite rod 3, and is emitted into the free space. The required change in the phase of the wave within Δφ = 0 ÷ 360 ° is carried out by means of a Faraday type phase shifter by changing the parameters of the ferrite rod 3 during its longitudinal magnetization. The magnetization field is created in the ferrite rod 3 by the control winding 5, the signals to which are fed through the printed circuit board 7 with the control elements located on it. The location on the printed circuit board 7 of electronic keys directly connected to the control coil 5 of the phase shifter eliminates the influence of the conductors connecting the PAR elements and the beam control system on the amplitudes of the control pulses supplied to the control coil 5 of the phase shifter PAR elements, and also reduces the arising with a large number conductors interference and mutual influence. In the reception mode from free space to the emitter 2, made at the other end of the ferrite rod 3, an electromagnetic wave is supplied with a circular polarization of the field opposite to the direction of rotation, and is received by it. An electromagnetic wave passes through the phase shifter waveguide in the opposite direction with the same phase change Δφ in the phase shifter and is emitted through the emitter 2 in the direction of the PAR illuminator. It is necessary to note the following: since the emitters 2 of the PAR element are symmetrical, i.e. have the same structural dimensions, the proposed PAR element is symmetrical, which ensures manufacturability and simplicity of its design.

A feature of the proposed design of the PAR element is its compactness and minimization of its overall dimensions, depending on the pitch of the PAR, while ensuring high resistance to external mechanical factors. The design of the PAR element in practice fully complies with a set of conflicting requirements for modern aperture phase shifters:

- small dimensions;

- low weight;

- symmetry of the structure.

The small-sized element of the HEADLAND type through passage has a low weight, is easy to manufacture and assemble, is durable and resistant to external influences.

Claims (6)

1. An element of a phased antenna array (PAR) containing a waveguide ferrite phase shifter with magnetic memory located in the housing, made with emitters on a ferrite rod with partial metallization, on the metallized portion of which there is a control winding and two magnetic cores, and a printed circuit board fixed on the housing, characterized the fact that the ferrite rod is made with a round cross-section, the emitters are made in one piece with the ferrite rod in the form of symmetrical non-metallized steps x transitions at its ends, the housing is made with a sector-shaped part of a hollow cylinder for connection to a printed circuit board and is equipped with end fixing sleeves with a round hole for mounting a ferrite rod, the printed circuit board being connected by the back surface to the housing along the cut edges forming part of the hollow cylinder in sector form. 2. The PAR element according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a part of a hollow cylinder in the form of a sector with an angle of 280-290 degrees. 3. The PAR element according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is made of thin-walled spring material. 4. The PAR element according to claim 1, characterized in that the printed circuit board in cross section is not protruding beyond the dimensions of the housing and its height is equal to the height of the housing. 5. The PAR element according to claim 1, characterized in that the printed circuit board is arranged to arrange magnetizing winding control elements. 6. The PAR element according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing at the ends is provided with platforms made in one piece with a part of the hollow cylinder in the form of a sector for the formation of split ring retainers.

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