RU2588405C2 - Circuit and method of producing circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to machine building, particularly to design of chain and method of its fabrication. Chain comprises at least one link made with pretension, namely with negative pre-load of the chain link element, e.g. bolt with negative pretension or pad. This reduces bending stress occurring as result of operating load and acting on chain link, in particular, to pad or bolts. Method of chain producing includes assembly, of at least one chain link of at least two pads (2) with holes in patch pieces (3) and two bolts (1) or bushings (4). Pad (2) has longitudinal axis (6), which in limbo pad position (2) has curved, different from straight shape and/or pad (2) has longitudinal axis (6), and hole has axis of holes (7) direction being inclined to longitudinal axis (6) or traction load direction (F) circuit, and/or bolt (1) or sleeve (4) has longitudinal axis (5), longitudinal axis (5) in limbo bolt (1) or pad (4) has curved different from the direct form, assembly of chain, at least two links using at least, one chain link made in such way.

EFFECT: reduced metal consumption is achieved.

14 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the construction of a chain, in particular a technical chain, preferably a one-dimensional movable chain (hinge chain) or a hinge or roller chain in accordance with the restrictive part of the claims according to claim 1. The above chains can be used as conveyor chains. In addition, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a chain in accordance with claim 10 of the claims.

In the conveyor chain, especially due to the deformation of the chain rollers, significant bending stress can occur on the chain lining. This high bending stress must be taken into account when designing, since it inevitably entails the use of heavier chain linings and, consequently, an increase in the weight of the entire chain. The previously mentioned rollers, as well as hollow cylinder sleeves, described below, are considered as elements of a chain link.

The objective of the present invention in accordance with all of the above is the creation of an improved chain, the manufacture of which with a comparable load, especially traction load, consumes less material.

The task in accordance with the claimed invention is solved using the features of claim 1 of the claims. Namely: the chain contains at least one link made with a preload, namely with a negative (negative) preload of the element of the chain link, for example, a bolt with a negative preload or an overlay, which will reduce the bending stress arising from the operating load and acting on a chain link, in particular on an overlay or bolts.

As a result of this, less material is spent on the manufacture of the chain than the manufacture of a similar chain, made in accordance with the relevant provisions of modern science and technology, in particular through the use of thinner linings or bolts.

Development has a number of advantages described in the claims, the chain in accordance with the present invention. Basically, all the features described in the claims can be combined with each other in any order.

In one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, for example, it can be provided that a chain link element is understood to mean an overlay, while this overlay has a longitudinal axis and holes in the overlay with an axis of the hole, designed to accommodate the end of the bolt or sleeve, while the axis the holes are directed not perpendicularly, but obliquely to the longitudinal axis or the direction of the chain length. With the "inclined" direction of the holes in the plate, it is possible to give the chain or chain link the necessary preload, which is an advantage. Most preferably, in this embodiment, the linings and bolts have a direct elongation, which makes their production more economical, and the preload, especially the negative preload, is created due to the economical production of obliquely oriented holes in the plates and the assembly of the chain link or the entire chain .

The inventive development with several advantages of the chain in accordance with the present invention provides for the fact that at least two bolts or bushings and two linings form one chain link, where the bolts or bushings in the state of the chain, free of load, have a bend facing another bolt or bushing, and the pads, especially in the state of the chain free from traction, have a bend facing the opposite side of the other plate, while the plates have the longitudinal axes parallel to each other in the state of the chain free of traction friend, while the longitudinal axis of the bolts or bushings when exposed to the load circuit parallel to each other. A set of measures must be applied to the previously described construction of a chain or chain link in order to ensure preload. The shape of the chain link elements described above in the unloaded state of the chain provides that the pads must be bent inward when exposed to traction loads, and the bolts or bushings outward. As a result of this, the chain link for the chain in accordance with the present invention will be stretched directly, as well as the chain link element in accordance with the current state of science and technology in an unloaded position.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an improved chain, in particular a method for producing a chain that can be manufactured with less material consumption under comparable loads, especially traction loads.

In accordance with the present invention, this problem is solved in accordance with paragraph 10 of the claims. The development described in paragraph 10 of the claims may be combined as desired. The main thing is that in the manufacture of the chain link, at least one method was used to ensure preload. The resulting chain link is taut.

Practice shows that a negative preload is created due to:

- curved bolts and straight holes in the pads (curved bolts give preload to the pads and bolts);

- inclined holes in the plates and straight bolts (preload is created due to the inclination of the holes in the plates);

- curved linings and straight holes in the linings (preload on the linings and bolts is given using curved linings and straight holes in the linings).

Other options are also possible. Preferably, a preload to a certain number of chain link elements is imparted to the previously described method.

This proposal / concept can also apply to internal links.

In this case, a preload is created due to, for example,

- curved bolts and straight holes in the pads (curved bolts give preload to the pads and bolts);

- inclined holes in the plates and straight bolts (preload is created due to the inclination of the holes in the plates);

- curved linings and straight holes in the linings (preload on the linings and bolts is betrayed using curved linings and straight holes in the linings).

The main features and advantages of the claimed invention are shown using the following description, the most preferred embodiments of the present invention are described using the attached images. Namely:

Figure 1 two bolts and two lining chains in accordance with the current level of development of science and technology without traction load (F);

Figure 2 two bolts and two lining chains in accordance with the current level of development of science and technology with traction load (F);

Figure 3 chain in accordance with the present invention, in particular two bolts and two pads without traction load (F);

4 a chain in accordance with the present invention, in particular two bolts and two pads with traction load (F);

Figure 5-11 is an exploded view of chain links before being assembled into a single chain link or chain in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 10a, a chain link assembled from individual elements in accordance with FIG. 5 to 11;

Fig.12 chain in accordance with the present invention;

Fig.13 chain in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 14 overlay for forming a side surface, a front surface and bolts.

The following references are used in the images:

In the bolt (the current level of development of science and technology)

L pad (modern level of development of science and technology)

F traction force / possible driving directions

1 bolt

2 pad

3 hole in the pad

4 sleeve

5 the longitudinal axis of the bolt or sleeve in an undefined position

6 longitudinal axis of the lining in an undefined position

7 axis of a hole in a slip

8 side surface

9 front surface

5 'the longitudinal axis of the bolt or sleeve in a certain position

6 'longitudinal axis of the lining in a certain position

First, consider figure 1.

The image of deformation on all images is exaggerated for greater clarity.

Figure 1 shows the many elements of the chain link for the chain corresponding to the modern level of development of science and technology, namely two bolts B and two plates L in the unloaded position, primarily without the influence of the traction force F. It is seen that the elements of the chain link in the absence of load The chain, especially bolts and pads, are perfectly straight.

Figure 2 shows the many elements of the chain link for the chain corresponding to the modern level of development of science and technology, namely two bolts B and two plates L in the loaded position, primarily under the influence of traction force F. It is seen that the elements of the chain link when exposed to the load chain, in particular bolts and pads, are deformed, namely they deviate from a perfectly straight shape. This is due to the tension arising from the impact of traction.

Figure 3 shows the many elements of the chain link for the chain in accordance with the present invention, namely two bolts 1 and two pads 2 in the unloaded position, primarily without the influence of the traction force F. It is seen that the elements of the chain link in the absence of load on the chain, especially bolts and linings, indirect. This image has been exaggerated. Chain link elements, in particular bolts and pads, are preloaded.

Figure 4 presents many of the elements of the chain link for the chain in accordance with the present invention, namely two bolts 1 and two plates 2 in the loaded position, primarily under the influence of the traction force F. It is seen that the elements of the chain link when exposed to the load circuit, especially bolts and linings, perfectly straight. The reason for this is that the load arising from the action of the traction force is counteracted by the preload. Ideally, these loads completely cancel each other out. Roughly speaking, a circuit under load in accordance with the present invention externally corresponds to a circuit in accordance with the current level of development of science and technology in an unloaded state.

The specified embodiment leads to such an effect that the elements of a chain link only under the influence of its regular load on the chain, in particular the traction force in the direction of the chain length, become straight, in particular lining, bolts and / or bushings. In other words, the chain with the proposed elements of the chain link is straightened under the influence of the load, that is, under the influence of the traction force, it acquires a shape corresponding to the shape of the chain at the current level of development of science and technology, in the absence of load. Thus, it is possible to secure the chain under the influence of a pulling load, to improve the engagement of the gear teeth or the rotation of individual elements of the chain, roughly speaking, to improve the movement of the chain, without resorting to the use of large quantities or the use of expensive materials.

Slightly curved or remaining straight under load, bolts are another advantage of the present invention. The contact area between the bushings and the bolts increases, the so-called face pressure decreases. The bushings and bolts are in optimal position with respect to each other, which implies a reduction in wear.

A chain in accordance with the present invention includes a plurality of chain links. Each chain link includes several elements of the chain link, namely: plates 2 with holes in the plates 3, bolts and / or bushings 4. The plates 2 can be, for example, external plates. In this case, it is preferable that the chain link consists of pads 2 and bolts 1. In addition, the pads can be internal. In this case, it is desirable that the chain link consists of linings and bushings 4. In the chain, the bolts 1 alternate with the bushings 4 and in this way a certain number of chain links is created. The above embodiment of the present invention is a simple chain as possible. It is also possible to use more than two pads on one chain link, the use of an intermediate pads is also possible.

In FIG. 5 to 11 show the individual elements of a chain link prior to assembly into a chain link or the entire chain. The main task of figures 5 to 11 is to show in more detail the various possibilities for creating a preload inside the chain links. The disassembled individual elements of the chain link have a longitudinal axis, namely: the lining 2 has a longitudinal axis 6, the bolt 1 has a longitudinal axis 5 and the sleeve 4 has a longitudinal axis 5. It is assumed that such a lining is used, which has two side surfaces 8 and one end surface 9, while at least one side surface 8 faces the bolt 1 or sleeve 4.

For example, an overlay, a bolt and a sleeve are shown in perspective in FIG.

The holes in the pads 3 have the axis of the holes 7. Since holes in the pads 3 mean rounded holes, we can talk not about the axis of the hole, but about the axis of the pre-drilled hole or the central axis. In principle, various shapes of holes in the pads are possible.

The previously described chain link elements may be assembled into a chain link. The links of the chain in assembled form are presented in figa. To explain the differences between the previously described chain link elements in assembled and disassembled form, in particular with respect to their longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axes of the lining, bolts and bushings in the assembled position are shown by dotted lines 5 'and 6', respectively. The image of the curves is exaggerated, for greater clarity of these curves. Materials are used for the individual elements of the chain link, in particular steel, which make such deformation possible and have sufficient elasticity characteristics, in particular, in order to create the corresponding stress inside the chain links.

As mentioned earlier, the elements of the chain links or holes in the pads can be of different shapes. The table below shows the possible options for creating the necessary preload, in particular, a negative preload inside the chain link or the entire chain.

Option Bolt / Bushing Shape Lining shape Hole in 1 (Fig. 5) straight straight pad obliquely oriented 2 (Fig.6) straight curved vertical 3 (Fig. 7) straight curved obliquely oriented 4 (Fig. 8) curved straight vertical 5 (Fig. 9) curved straight obliquely oriented 6 (figure 10) curved curved vertical 7 (Fig. 11) curved curved obliquely oriented

The first embodiment of the chain link is shown in FIG. In disassembled form, the longitudinal axis 6 of the lining 2 and the longitudinal axis 5 of the bolt 1 are straight. The axis of the hole 7 for the holes in the lining 3 in this embodiment is not vertically to the longitudinal axis 6 of the lining 2, in accordance with this, inclined holes are provided in the overlays. This can also be characterized by the fact that the holes in the pads are located obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the chain. To create a chain link, the ends of the bolts are inserted into the holes in the plates 3. Since the bolts 1 and the plates 2 are straight, the holes in the plates are obliquely oriented, then the plates 2 and bolts 1 are bent so that the resulting chain link has the form shown in figa. Inclined holes in the linings are particularly advantageous from the point of view of their creation and make the production of a chain link or the entire chain with negative preload very beneficial in terms of production costs. The longitudinal axis of the bolt 5 ', as well as the longitudinal axis of the lining 6' inside the chain link are not straight, but slightly curved. The axis of the hole, in the assembled state, designated as 7, is not bent, at least as a technically significant value. In principle, here, as well as in subsequent versions, chain link elements that are not suitable for each other are connected to each other. The main advantage of this option is that the linings and bolts can be made with a small direct extension, and preload, especially negative preload, occurs only at the stage of assembly of individual chain links or the entire chain. A distinctive feature of the chain link in accordance with figa is that the lining 2 is curved outward, and the bolts 1 or bushings 4 inside.

In order to avoid repetitions, it should be noted that the principle of the structure of all chain links can be explained using figa. Slight deviations are explained by the inclined direction with the lack of inclination of the holes in the plates.

The second variant of the chain link is presented in Fig.6. In the disassembled state, the longitudinal axis 6 of the lining 2 is curved, and the longitudinal axis 5 of the bolt 1 is straight. Simply put, in this embodiment, the curved plates 2 are connected to the straight bolts 1. The axis of the hole 7 of the holes in the plate 3 in this embodiment is vertical with respect to any part of the longitudinal axis 6 of the plate or to the length of the chain, that is, straight holes are provided in any section 3 in the pads 2. For the manufacture of the chain link, the ends of the bolts are inserted into the holes in the pads 3. Since the bolts 1 are straight and the pads 2 are still bent, due to the arising voltage, the bolts 1 are also bent so that the resulting link but the circuit looks like that shown in figa. As a result, the chain link, and in particular its individual elements are under the necessary voltage.

The third version of the chain link is presented in Fig.7. In the disassembled state, the longitudinal axis 6 of the lining 2 is curved, and the longitudinal axis 5 of the bolt 1 is straight. Simply put, in this embodiment, the curved plates 2 are connected to the straight bolts 1. The axis of the hole 7 of the holes in the plate 3 in this embodiment is obliquely oriented with respect to any part of the longitudinal axis 6 of the plate or the direction of the chain length, that is, inclined angles are provided on any part of the longitudinal axis holes 3 in the pads 2. For the manufacture of the chain link, the ends of the bolts are inserted into the holes in the pads 3. Since the bolts 1 are straight, the pads are bent, and the holes in the pads 3 are obliquely oriented, due to the stress The bolts 1 are also bent in such a way that the resulting chain link and its individual elements, in particular, are under the necessary voltage. The above option is more successful from the point of view of the manufacturing method, since the ends of the bolts and holes in the plates 3 in the disassembled state can be partially rotated to each other.

A fourth embodiment of the chain link is shown in FIG. In the disassembled state, the longitudinal axis 6 of the lining 2 is straight, and the longitudinal axis 5 of the bolt 1 is bent. Simply put, in this embodiment, curved pads are connected to straight bolts. The axis of the hole 7 holes in the lining 3 in this case is vertical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the lining or the direction of the length of the chain, that is, there are straight holes 3 in the lining 2. To create a chain link, the ends of the bolts are inserted into the holes of the lining 3. Since the bolts 1 are bent, and the holes in the plates are vertical or straight, then the plates 2 themselves are bent under the influence of the emerging voltage so that the resulting chain link looks like that shown in Fig. 10a. As a result, the chain link, and in particular its individual elements are under the necessary voltage.

A fifth embodiment of the chain link is shown in FIG. 9. In the disassembled state, the longitudinal axis 6 of the lining 2 is straight, and the longitudinal axis 5 of the bolt 1 is bent. Simply put, in this embodiment, the straight pads are connected to curved bolts. The axis of the hole 7 of the holes in the plates 3 in this embodiment is obliquely oriented with respect to the longitudinal axis 6 of the plate or the direction of the chain length, that is, the plates 2 have inclined holes 3. To create the chain link, the ends of the bolts are inserted into the holes of the plates 3. Since the bolts 1 themselves bent, the pads 2 themselves are still straight, and the holes in the pads 3 are beveled, then the pads 2 are bent due to the action of the resulting voltage so that the resulting chain link looks like that shown in Fig. 10a. As a result, the chain link, and in particular its individual elements are under the necessary voltage. The above described embodiment is more successful from the point of view of the manufacturing method, since the ends of the bolts and holes in the plates 3 in the disassembled state can be partially rotated to each other.

A sixth embodiment of the chain link is shown in FIG. 10. In disassembled form, the longitudinal axis 6 of the lining 2 is curved and the longitudinal axis 5 of the bolt 1 is curved. Simply put, in this embodiment, curved pads are connected to curved bolts. The axis of the hole 7 of the holes in the plates 3 in this embodiment is vertical with respect to any of the sections of the longitudinal axis of the plate or the direction of the length of the entire chain, straight holes are provided in the plates. To create a chain link, the ends of the bolts are inserted into the holes of the plates 3. The bending of the bolts 1 and the plate 2 can be such that after they are connected, a voltage arises in the chain link and especially in the elements of the chain link. The above option is more successful from the point of view of the manufacturing method, since the ends of the bolts and holes in the plates 3 in the disassembled state can be partially rotated to each other.

The seventh version of the chain link is presented in Fig.11. In disassembled form, the longitudinal axis 6 of the lining 2 is curved and the longitudinal axis 5 of the bolt 1 is curved. Simply put, in this embodiment, curved pads are connected to curved bolts. The axis of the hole 7 of the holes in the plates 3 in this embodiment is obliquely oriented with respect to any of the sections of the longitudinal axis of the plate or the direction of the length of the entire chain, inclined holes are provided in the plates. To create a chain link, the ends of the bolts are inserted into the holes of the plates 3. The bending of the bolts 1 and the plate 2 can be such that, after they are connected, a voltage arises in the chain link and especially in the elements of the chain link. The above option is more successful from the point of view of the manufacturing method, since the ends of the bolts and holes in the plates 3 in the disassembled state can be partially rotated to each other.

The image of options in which sleeves 4 are used instead of bolts 1 is omitted to avoid repetitions. In the previously mentioned embodiments, the massive bolts 1 can be replaced by bushings 4, which are hollow cylinders. The appearance of the sleeve or the bent sleeve corresponds to the appearance of the bolts in the respective versions.

It is obvious that the result of creating a chain link using at least one schematically displayed element of the chain link, as a rule, is a chain link with a curved plate and a curved bolt (in comparison with figa). The bending of the pads 2 and bolts 1 in the assembled position within the same chain can be achieved in various ways, for example, by selecting the material and / or determining the degree of bending before assembly. So, for example, it can be provided that the bend of the patch is very slight or that in the assembled state it will remain straight. Not in contrast to this, the bolt 1 can be bent, and the links or individual elements of the chain links can be affected by the preload. This embodiment of the present invention with the most direct overlays is particularly interesting from a technical point of view, since this avoids undesirable contact with neighboring elements of the chain link in the simplest way.

12 shows a chain in accordance with the present invention with two chain links. The left chain link is a chain link with straight pads 2, inclined holes in the pads 3 and straight bolts (in comparison with the option in accordance with figure 5). In accordance with the production technology, attention should be paid to the fact that the pad 2 in the assembled state, already being an element of the chain link, should remain as straight as possible. Bolts 1 are bent. The second, right link of the chain is the link of the chain in accordance with the modern level of development of science and technology with linings 2 and bushings 4. The bolt 1 of the first link of the chain is inserted into the sleeve 4. The chain is presented in the no-load position, that is, the link is not affected by the link force. It is clear that the chain and, in particular, the bolts “straighten out” when the traction force begins to act on the chain and on the bolts. The bolts 1 or bushings 4 thus straighten, become parallel to their longitudinal axes 5, the linings 2 also straighten and become parallel to their longitudinal axes 6. The chain, of course, can be lengthened due to new links, and for this they can be used as elements of a chain link with preload, and the elements of the chain link that correspond to the modern level of development of science and technology, that is, without preload elements.

On Fig presents a chain in accordance with the present invention with two chain links. The left chain link is a chain link with preload elements arising from the use of curved plates 2, vertical holes in plates 3 and curved bolts 1 (in comparison with the embodiment in accordance with FIG. 10). As another chain link, the chain link with bushings 4 again acts in accordance with the current level of development of science and technology, where, of course, the sleeve 4 with a preload or another element of the chain link with a preload is also used. Otherwise, you can refer to the embodiment in accordance with Fig, while in the present embodiment of the present invention, the lining should be "straight".

In this case, only two combinations of chain links for the chain in accordance with the present invention were considered in more detail. In principle, it is possible to combine all of the above options for chain links with bolts or bushings. So, for example, you can combine the first option with a bolt with the second option with a sleeve. It is also possible to combine conventional chain links with chain links in accordance with the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. A chain comprising a plurality of chain elements designed to form a chain of chain elements, characterized in that at least one of the named chain element is preloaded, wherein such a chain element is a chain link plate having a longitudinal axis and holes lining with the axis of the hole for introducing the end of the pin or the end of the sleeve, while the said axis of the hole is inclined to the longitudinal axis or to the direction of chain tension. 2. The chain according to claim 1, characterized in that it is selected from the group comprising a technical chain, a one-dimensionally movable chain, a pin chain, or a roller chain. 3. The chain according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one element of the chain installed with a preload is installed with a preload opposite to the direction of tension that the chain experiences when it is under traction load. 4. The chain according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one element of the chain includes a group consisting of a pin, an overlay and a sleeve. 5. The chain according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one element of the chain installed with a preload in the unloaded state of the chain has a shape different from the regular shape. 6. The chain according to claim 1, characterized in that the chain element is a chain link plate having a longitudinal axis that is not straight in the unstretched state of the chain. 7. The chain according to claim 6, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the lining has a curved shape. 8. The chain according to claim 1, characterized in that the chain element is a pin or sleeve with a longitudinal axis, which is not straight in an unstretched state of the chain. 9. The chain according to claim 6, characterized in that the longitudinal axis has a curved shape. 10. The chain according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the hole is inclined relative to the direction of tension of the chain. 11. A method of manufacturing a chain, characterized in that it includes providing one or more of the following: attaching a lining of a chain link having a longitudinal axis that is not straight in a state not assembled in the chain link; and / or attaching a cover plate having a longitudinal axis of the cover and openings with hole axes not at right angles to the longitudinal axes or to the direction of chain tension; and / or attaching a pin and / or sleeve having a longitudinal axis that is not straight in the unassembled state of the pin or sleeve; assembling at least one chain link from at least two pads with holes and two pins or bushings; and assembling a chain of at least two chain links and thus incorporating at least one chain link made in this way into a chain to be formed comprising a plurality of chain elements for forming a chain of chain elements, of which, at least one chain element is preloaded. 12. The method according to p. 11, in which the step of providing includes providing pads with a curved longitudinal axis. 13. The method according to p. 11, in which the step of providing includes providing a lining with holes having an axis of the hole, inclined to the longitudinal axis or relative to the direction of chain tension. 14. The method according to claim 11, in which the step of providing includes providing a pin and / or sleeve of curved shape.

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