RU2587969C1 - Set of teaching aids for diagnosis of mental activity of babies - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; psychology.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used by doctors, teachers and psychologists during diagnosis of functional capabilities of analysers and mental activity of babies. Set of teaching aids for diagnosis of mental activity of babies consists of a bag with handles, in which there are articles for diagnostic and didactic purpose: inflatable mattress, soft inflatable rubber roller, large bright toy with a loud ringing sound, large bright toy with low blind sound, illuminating toy of bright colour with textured surface, flashlight with soft light flux, rattle with cereal sound, bell with soft melodic sound, bright tambourine with ribbons, soft textile, and nice on touch rattle-beeper with loud sound, brush with soft natural bristle, rubber brush with rigid bristle, baby rubber toothbrush with soft bristle, braid velko, black-and-white image of a person's face measuring 20×20 cm, card measuring 20×20 cm with image of black and white bands and black circles on a white background, pipe with sharp strong sound, toy suspension with large bright moving parts, tilting doll of medium size, bright squeak toy with a soft intense sound, bright toy adapted for stretching and vibrations, bright ball with textured surface.

EFFECT: kit allows to establish functional capabilities of receptors main analysers: visual, auditory, motor and tactile, determine direction of psychological and pedagogical assistance and types of stimulating correction pedagogical effect on immature mental sphere of children in first months of life.

1 cl, 23 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of healthcare, specifically to corrective pedagogy, clinical psychology, and can be used by doctors, teachers and psychologists in diagnosing the functionality of analyzers and the mental activity of infants born with very low and extreme low body weight.

Known diagnostic and therapeutic kit for children with organic Brown's syndrome (USA, N 4972851, A61B 19/00, 1990). The kit was created to diagnose the mental development of a preschool child with the aim of timely detecting deviations from the age norm and is a container that contains diagnostic and didactic toys and manuals made of non-metallic materials and painted in various colors, for example, an animal toy made of soft plastic, a mirror, a piece of gum, plates with stripes of various directions deposited on their surface.

The disadvantage is that manuals and toys cannot be used to study the functionality of infant analyzers, as they are designed for older children and the examination procedure does not allow to establish contact with them.

A known set for diagnosing the mental development of young children, which contains a container with a group of manuals and toys for diagnostic and didactic purposes, including a gutter and a ball for it, three different in size and one-color boxes with lids, which are placed corresponding to them in size balls, collapsible pyramid and matryoshka, cubes and a toy cart with braid, a group of illustrative manuals, including two plates with the same subject pictures, one of which is cut into several parts, several pairs of plates with the same subject pictures on each pair, a group of teaching aids consisting of four or six flat sticks of the same color and a pencil. In this case, the cubes, balls and sticks can be made of plastic, and the container, collapsible pyramid and nesting doll, toy trolley and rectangular boxes are made of wood. The kit allows you to simplify the early diagnosis of mental development of the child (RF Patent No. 2121316 - Elena Strebeleva)

This invention is selected by us as a prototype.

The need to diagnose the functionality of analyzers in children born well before term is due to several circumstances. Firstly, the number of children born earlier than the due date in the general population of newborns does not tend to decrease. Secondly, prematurity is determined not so much by anthropometric indicators, as by morphofunctional immaturity of vital organs and systems of the body. In preterm infants, neurological disorders are more often detected than among full-term ones, in particular, features of innervation of the musculature, pathology of the organ of vision, diseases of the ear and mastoid process, including hearing loss, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and other abnormalities in the body. The most severe and combined sensorineural disorders are detected in extremely immature children. Therefore, the reactions of premature babies to various stimuli are distinguished by a smoothness of manifestations, generalization, weak active inhibition, and irradiation of excitement.

Diagnostics of the functional capabilities of the analyzers and the mental activity of the child can be carried out by the direct influence of external stimuli of various modality and intensity on the receptors of a particular analyzer of the child, thereby causing a certain physiological reaction and mental activity.

The objective of the invention, the object "product", specifically "products", is to create a set of manuals with which it is possible to diagnose the mental activity of infants.

The result of the task is the ability to identify the ability of infants to respond to external stimuli, to establish compliance or non-compliance of the psychophysiological reaction with the existing age standard.

The invention is a product, specifically, a set of didactic manuals, the use of which in the process of standardized diagnostic psychological and pedagogical diagnostics allows to establish the functionality of the receptors of the main analyzers: visual, auditory, motor and tactile, to determine the directions of psychological and pedagogical assistance and the types of stimulating corrective and pedagogical effects to the immature mental sphere of the child.

The set of didactic manuals contains: a container for toys in the form of a bag with a zipper with handles (photo 1), in which the articles-aids are placed: an air mattress 50 × 70 cm (photo 2), a soft inflatable rubber roller (20 × 30 cm) (photo 3), a large bright toy with a loud sonorous sound (photo 4), a large, bright toy with a low muffled sound (photo 5), a luminous toy of medium size, bright color with a textured surface, moving parts with an on / off button. (photo 6), a flashlight with a soft luminous flux (on / off button) (photo 7), a medium-sized rattle with a coarse sound (photo 8), a bell with a soft melodious sound (photo 9), a bright sonorous tambourine with ribbons ( photo 10), soft textile, pleasant to the touch little rattle-squeaker with a loud sound (photo 11), brush with soft natural bristles (photo 12), rubber brush with hard bristles (photo 13), children's rubber toothbrush with soft bristles ( photo 14), velko braid (photo 15), black and white image of a person’s face 20 × 20 cm (photo 16), cards 20 × 20 cm with an image black and white stripes, black circles on a white background (stripes and circles of 3 cm each) (photo 17), horn, pipe with a sharp strong sound (photo 18), pendant toy with large bright moving parts (photo 19), doll - a tumbler of medium size (photo 20), a bright toy squeaker with a soft intense sound (photo 21), a bright toy with the possibility of stretching and vibration (photo 22), a bright ball with a textured surface (diameter 10 cm) (photo 23). A user manual is included with the kit.

Products are intended for diagnostic and didactic purposes.

Each didactic product has a stimulating effect of varying intensity on one of the analyzers, causes activity and captures the functionality of the visual analyzer (visual sensations and perception), the functionality of the auditory analyzer (acoustic sensations and perception), the functionality of the motor analyzer (involuntary and voluntary motor activity) , the functionality of a tactile analyzer (perceptual sensations and perceptions) and the nature of ps hologicheskogo interaction with the environment (behavior, attitude to the events, the methods of orientation and communication), causing the child to identify the necessary special tools and techniques of psychological-pedagogical influence for the development of his mental capacities and socialization. Appearance, color gamut, size, quality, texture and type of materials, sound capabilities of didactic products correspond to the age and characteristics of the body of babies of the first half of life born with very low and extremely low body weight, and are able to have a stimulating effect on the receiving apparatus 4- x main analyzers.

Newborns are subsequently presented with products that act on the receptors of one of 4 analyzers: first of all, the visual analyzer, then the auditory analyzer, in the third - the skin analyzer, in the fourth - the motor analyzer. All didactic manuals are divided into 4 groups, depending on the purpose, namely, the assessment of the functionality of the receptors.

The first group includes 6 products for assessing the functionality of tactile analyzer receptors and assessing behavior in the presence of perceptual sensations and perceptions: a brush with soft bristles (photo 12), a children's rubber toothbrush with soft bristles (photo 14), a rubber brush with a hard bristle ( photo 13), soft inflatable rubber roller (photo 3), velko tape (photo 15).

The second group includes 6 products for assessing the functional capabilities of the receptors of the motor analyzer of a child - involuntary motor activity in the presence of motor sensations and perceptions: a bright ball with a textured surface (photo 23), a bright toy with the possibility of stretching and vibration (photo 22), a toy pendant with large bright moving parts contrasting in color (photo 19), sonorous tambourine with bright ribbons (photo 10), bright toy squeaker with soft intense sound (photo 21), soft textile, pleasant to touch a small beanbag with a loud ringing sound (photo 11).

The third group includes 6 products for assessing the functionality of the receptors of the visual analyzer - behavior in the presence of visual sensations and perceptions: black and white image of a person's face 20 × 20 cm (photo 16), a tumbler of medium size (photo 20), cards 20 × 20 cm with the image of black and white stripes (photo 17b), black circles on a white background (photo 17a), a large, bright, contrasting color toy with low muffled sound and moving parts (photo 5), a luminous toy of medium size, bright color, with textured surface, movable details (photo 6), a flashlight with a soft luminous flux (photo 7).

The fourth group includes 6 products for evaluating the functionality of the auditory analyzer receptors - behavior in the presence of acoustic sensations and perception: a large bright contrasting color toy with low muffled sound (photo 5), a rattle with cereal sound (photo 8), a bell with soft melodic sound (photo 9), a large bright toy with a loud voiced sound (photo 4), a voiced tambourine with bright ribbons (photo 10), a horn pipe with a sharp loud sound (photo 18).

To increase the reliability of evaluating the analyzer’s functionality, the manuals that affect one analyzer or another work with different intensities: 2 low-intensity incentives; 2 medium intensity; 2 high intensity stimuli. In the absence of reaction, they act with high-intensity stimuli. A second stimulus is presented to confirm the reaction. The presence of a reaction is rated 1 point and the diagnosis is stopped. The absence of these reactions and changes in the behavior of the infant is rated 0 points. Then, for 1 minute, the baby is given the opportunity to rest, and the specialist at this time enters the received data into the form. The points scored by the infant during diagnosis are summarized, and the final assessment of the child’s mental activity is calculated.

The results and a point estimate allow us to establish qualitative characteristics of the functional capabilities of the main analyzers, to identify the degree of maturity of the first indicative reactions, to determine those reactions that need to be stimulated to increase their maturity, and those that do not need additional stimulation, i.e. . to formulate areas of special pedagogical assistance.

Clinical example

Example 1. Ira B., born in 2013. Age at the time of the survey is 45 days of life. Clinical diagnosis: prematurity of the II degree, birth weight 1850 g, perinatal damage to the central nervous system, vegetative-vascular dystonia. Caused otocaustic emission - ZVOAE recorded, with an average amplitude of responses. The ophthalmologist's conclusion - no pathology was revealed, the risk group for myopia. Examination results: assessment for tactile sensitivity - 3 points, because the child showed the expected response when exposed to low-intensity stimuli; assessment of the motor analyzer - 2 points, because the child showed the expected response when exposed to medium-intensity stimuli, the assessment of the visual analyzer - 2 points; assessment of the auditory analyzer - 3 points, because the child showed the expected response when exposed to low-intensity stimuli. The final assessment of mental activity is calculated by the following formula: (3 + 2 + 2 + 3) / 12 × 100% = 83.3%, which corresponds to a satisfactory mental activity.

A set of products for diagnosing the functionality of analyzers of babies born with very low and extreme low body weight can be used in medical institutions, medical and educational institutions for examining children in their first months of life.

The maximum results from the use of this kit can be achieved by using it in the first months of life of children born with ENMT and ONMT, since it is at this age that the plastic compensatory capabilities of the body can be used most effectively.

In addition, the diagnostic kit can be used in higher education institutions in the preparation of defectologists, special psychologists, neonatologists, neurologists and pediatricians, as well as practical psychologists, preschool teachers, social workers.

The invention meets the condition of patentability "novelty", since the prior art does not know products of the same purpose, which are inherent in the independent claims.

The invention is industrially applicable, as it can be used in healthcare for diagnosing the functionality of infant analyzers.

Claims (1)

A set of didactic manuals for diagnosing the mental activity of infants, consisting of a bag with handles containing diagnostic and didactic items: an air mattress 50 × 70 cm, a soft rubber inflatable roller (20 × 30 cm), a large bright toy with a loud, sonorous sound, large bright toy with a low muffled sound, a luminous toy of bright color with a textured surface, a flashlight with a soft luminous flux, a rattle with cereal sound, a bell with a soft melodious sound, a bright sonorous tambourine with ribbons, soft textile, soft-to-touch rattle-squeaker with a loud sound, a brush with soft natural bristles, a rubber brush with hard bristles, a children's rubber toothbrush with soft bristles, a braid velko, a black and white image of a person's face 20 × 20 cm, cards 20 × 20 cm with the image of black and white stripes and black circles on a white background, a pipe with a sharp strong sound, a pendant toy with large bright moving parts, a tumbler doll of medium size, a bright squeaker toy with a soft intense sound, a bright toy with the ability to stretch and vibrations, a bright ball with a textured surface.

Images