RU2586251C2 - Method and reverse device for conversion of energy of magnetic field of ferromagnetic core into thermal or electrical energy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering, specifically to devices for converting ferromagnetic core magnetic field energy into thermal or electric energy, and can be used, for example, in autonomous lighting, heating systems, etc. Technical result of present invention is to eliminate influence of residual induction B_r by an amount of generated energy and thus increase specific power of whole device. According to disclosed method, electric current from a source is converted in a transformer and delivered into heating device, which uses a direct current source with generator of linearly time-varying voltage, which is directed to primary winding of transformer, secondary winding of which is connected to heating device, linearly time-varying voltage used is voltage with a triangular shape, where at moments in time of break of triangular voltage curve direction of current is switched in primary winding of transformer. For implementation of method, proposed is a reversing device comprising a current source, a linearly time-varying voltage generator, a diode configured to bypass return current between input and output, a transformer with primary and secondary windings, first input of generator is connected to first terminal of accumulator battery, second terminal of which is connected to second input of generator, and secondary winding of transformer is connected to consumer of thermal or electric power. Device is additionally provided with a unit for changing direction of current in primary winding of transformer, first input of said unit is connected to second terminal of accumulator battery and to second input of generator, second input of said unit is connected to first generator output, and first and second outputs of said unit are connected to first and second outputs of transformer primary winding, unit is configured to change direction of current in primary winding of transformer, while generator is configured to generate linearly time-varying voltage of triangular shape and synchronise time fracture voltage curve of triangular shape with time of switching current direction in primary winding of transformer, second output of generator is connected to third input of changing direction of current in primary winding of transformer.

EFFECT: disclosed method and device enable to perform process of remagnetisation ferromagnetic core of transformer, eliminating residual induction B_r, considerable increase of change of magnetic induction and relative magnetic permeability of µ ferromagnetic material and thereby increasing value of generated energy, as well as specific power in whole device.

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Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, namely to devices for converting electromagnetic field energy into thermal energy, and can be applied, for example, in autonomous heating systems.

A device for converting energy is known in which electrical energy for heating (in the form of an alternating electric current with a frequency of at least 50 Hz) is converted using a transformer and sent to a heating device (for example, to generate heat on a load resistor) (A.V. Ivanov- Smolensky, Electrical Machines: A Textbook for High Schools, Moscow: Energia, 1980, p. 7, Fig. B-1). In this device, external electrical energy taken from an alternating current network with a frequency of at least 50 Hz is converted into heat. In this case, the source of thermal energy obtained is the energy of alternating current, taken from an external network with a frequency of at least 50 Hz, and the task is not to convert magnetic field energy into thermal energy, which can be considered as a disadvantage of the prototype. Meanwhile, in (SG Kalashnikov. Electricity // Moscow: Nauka, 1970, third edition), Chapter 11 states that "using ferromagnets, we ... increase the magnetic field hundreds and thousands of times in comparison with the field of magnetizing coils alone. " Thus, the magnetic field of a ferromagnet accumulates enormous energy, which it is advisable to convert into cheap thermal or electric energy with minimal external energy consumption.

The prototype of the invention is a method of converting electromagnetic field energy into thermal energy (description of the invention to patent RU 2258327 IPC ⁷ , Н05В 3/00), which consists in the fact that the electric current from the source is converted into a transformer and sent to a heating device that uses the source direct current in the form of a battery with a constant-current and linearly varying sawtooth current that is directed to the transformer primary winding, secondary a coil of which is connected to a heating device, while a generator of a sawtooth current that is constant in direction and linearly varying in time is shunted by a diode in reverse current.

The prototype of the invention is a device that implements a method of converting electromagnetic field energy into thermal energy (description of the invention to patent RU 2258327 IPC ⁷ , Н05В 3/00) and containing an electric current source made in the form of a storage battery, a constant-directional generator and linearly varying in the time of the sawtooth current (hereinafter referred to as the generator), a diode configured to bypass the generator in reverse current between the input and output of the generator, a transformer with primary and secondary windings, and the input of the generator is connected to the first pole of the electric current source, the second pole of which is connected to the common wire of the generator and the first output of the primary winding, the second output of which is connected to the output of the generator, and the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to a heating element that performs load functions.

In this device, the generator is made in the form of a rheostat with the possibility of creating a sawtooth current constant in direction and linearly varying in time by changing the resistance value of the rheostat from its maximum value to the minimum and abrupt return of the resistance of the rheostat using an electromechanical drive to move the rheostat slider. In this case, the voltage U ₁ on the primary winding and the current I ₁ in it change according to the law:

where K is the rate of rise of the sawtooth voltage, V / sec;

R is the impedance of the input circuit (primary winding of the transformer);

t - current time, sec.

This method solves the problem of converting into heat energy the energy of a linearly varying in time magnetic field of a ferromagnetic core of a transformer created in the core when a sawtooth current that is direct in direction and linearly changes in time passes through the primary winding of the transformer. This field induces in the secondary winding unipolar rectangular pulses of electric current, passed through a heating element that generates thermal energy.

According to the basic Faraday-Maxwell law, a magnetic field excited by an external source of electricity (battery), inducing electromotive forces and induction and self-induction currents in the circuits of a double-winding transformer, transfers its energy to these induced forces and currents on the basis of the energy conservation law. If, at the same time, the constancy of the induced currents is ensured, then in the secondary winding, the induction current I _ind will be completely converted at the transformer output into Joule-Lenz heat, and the self-induction current I _c in the primary winding will be directed to recharging the current source (battery) that is discharged during device operation. Since the currents I _c and I _ind turn out to be constant, the magnetic fields excited by them in the transformer core will also be constant, and therefore they will not induce any additional EMF and currents in both circuits. Therefore, both circuits will operate autonomously from each other over time T. According to the prototype, the amount of energy W released at the output of the transformer in the load is equal to:

or subject to (1)

where k is the fill factor of the frame when winding the inductor on it;

µ ₀ = 1.256 · 10 ^-7 , GN / m, absolute magnetic permeability;

µ is the relative magnetic permeability of the ferromagnetic material of the transformer core;

N ₁ - the number of turns in the primary winding of the transformer;

N ₂ - the number of turns in the secondary winding of the transformer;

S is the cross section of the core of the transformer (magnetic circuit), m ² ;

l is the length of the middle line of the transformer (magnetic circuit), m ² ;

R ₁ - impedance of the output circuit (secondary winding of the transformer with load resistance);

T is the pulse repetition period of the sawtooth voltage and current, sec;

U is the voltage on the primary winding of the transformer at time t = T;

ƒ is the pulse repetition rate of the sawtooth voltage and current, Hz.

It can be seen from (3) that the amount of released energy W depends, among other things, on the voltage U on the primary winding of the transformer at time t = T, as well as on the frequency ƒ of the pulsed voltage pulses.

However, the dependences of the magnetic induction B and the relative magnetic permeability μ of the ferromagnetic material on the magnitude of the magnetic field H are non-linear and accordingly have the form of a curve with saturation and a curve with a maximum. In addition to the nonlinear dependence of induction B and permeability μ on the magnitude of the magnetic field H, a hysteresis of induction B on the magnitude of the magnetic field H is characteristic of a ferromagnetic material. When magnetized by unipolar pulses, a residual induction B _{r is} formed in the ferromagnetic material, and induction B varies in the range (B _r - B _max ) and cannot be less than the value of the residual induction B _r . This leads to a decrease in the real value of the magnetic permeability μ of the ferromagnetic material when it is magnetized by unipolar current pulses and, according to relations (3), (4), to a significant decrease in the generated energy.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to eliminate the influence of residual induction B _r on the amount of generated energy and thus increase the specific power in the whole device.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of converting the magnetic field energy of a ferromagnetic core into thermal or electric energy, namely, that the electric current from the source is converted into a transformer and sent to a heating device that uses a direct current source in the form of a battery , while the direct current is converted into a linearly varying in time current using a generator of a linearly varying in time voltage, then this line current varying in time is sent to the primary winding of the transformer, the secondary winding of which is connected to the heating device, while the generator of a linearly varying time voltage is shunted by the diode according to the reverse current, in addition, a triangular voltage is used as a voltage linearly varying in time, while at times the time of the kink of the triangular voltage curve switch the direction of the current in the primary winding of the transformer.

The technical result of the claimed invention is also achieved by the fact that the proposed reversible device for converting the magnetic field energy of a ferromagnetic core into thermal or electric energy, comprising a source of electric current, a voltage ramp generator, a diode configured to bypass the reverse current between the input and output, a transformer with primary and secondary windings, and the first input of the generator is connected to the first pole of the electric current source, the pole of which is connected to the second input of the generator, and the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to a consumer of heat or electric energy, is additionally equipped with a unit for changing the direction of the current in the primary winding of the transformer, while the first input of this block is connected to the second pole of the electric current source and to the second input of the generator , the second input of this block is connected to the first output of the generator, and the first and second outputs of this block are connected respectively to the first and second terminals of the primary winding t transformer, the unit is configured to change the direction of the current in the primary winding of the transformer, and the generator is configured to create a triangular-shaped output voltage linearly varying in time at its output and to synchronize time instants of a kink in the output voltage curve of a triangular shape with times of switching the current direction in the primary winding of the transformer.

Introduction to the device of the unit for changing the direction of the current in the primary winding of the transformer, made with the possibility of changing the direction of the current in the primary winding of the transformer, as well as a generator made with the possibility of creating a voltage linearly varying in time with a triangular shape and the possibility of synchronizing time instants of a kink in the voltage curve of a triangular shape time switching current direction in the primary winding of the transformer by applying from the second output of the generator to the third input of the block changing the direction of current in the primary winding of the transformer sync pulses, allows for the magnetization reversal of the ferromagnetic core of a transformer, to eliminate a residual induction B _r, greatly increase the change in the magnetic induction B and the relative magnetic permeability μ of a ferromagnetic material and thus increase the amount of generated energy and power density in whole device.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of the proposed device for converting the energy of the magnetic field of a ferromagnetic core into thermal or electrical energy.

In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a triangular-shaped voltage linearly varying over time generator.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the key management scheme of the unit for changing the direction of the current in the primary winding of the transformer.

In FIG. 4 shows diagrams of changes in the voltages and currents of the circuits of FIG. one.

The device of FIG. 1 contains a constant voltage source, made in the form of a battery battery formed by a set of batteries B1-B6 connected in series. The battery of the battery has a positive pole 1 and a negative pole 2. There is also a generator 3 of a voltage linearly varying in time with a triangular shape, having an input 4 and an output 5. Input 4 is connected to the positive pole 1 of the battery.

The generator 3 is made in the form of a pulse voltage source 6 and is equipped with a unit 7 for automatically adjusting the output voltage of the pulse voltage source 6. The input 8 of the pulse voltage source 6 is connected to the input 4 of the generator 3, the output 9 of the pulse voltage source 6 is connected to the output 5 of the generator 3, and the input 10 voltage regulation of the pulse voltage source 6 is connected to the output 11 of the block 7 of the automatic adjustment of the output voltage of the pulse source 6. Terminal 12 of the common wire of the source 6 is connected to the output 13 of the total second wire unit 7, the common wire terminal 14 of the generator 3 and the battery negative pole 2 of the battery.

The pulse voltage source 6 contains a monolithic integrated circuit 15, for example, MAX724 or LM2596, a discharge diode VD1, a filter L1C1 and an output voltage sensor U _o , made in the form of a resistive divider formed by a constant resistor R2, a trimmer resistor R3 and a constant resistor R4. The integrated circuit 15 contains a composite bipolar key transistor VT1-VT2, a key transistor control unit 16, made in the form of a pulse width modulation pulse generating controller PWM, a conversion frequency generator 17, a reference voltage generator 18 U _ref, and an error signal amplifier 19, an inverting input 20 which is connected to the slider of the tuning resistor R3 of the output voltage sensor U _o .

Block 21 changes the direction of the current in the primary winding W1 of the transformer T1 contains four field-effect transistors VT3-VT6, connected by a bridge circuit. The load in the form of a resistor R1 is connected in the diagonal of the bridge to points 22, 23, which are the outputs of block 21. In block 21 there is a circuit 24 for controlling transistors VT3-VT6. The gates of the VT3-VT6 field-effect transistors are connected to the outputs 25-28 of the feed of the control signals of the VT3-VT6 transistors to the gates. The input 29 of block 24 is used to synchronize the process of switching transistors VT3-VT6 with signals coming from the output 30 of block 7 to the input 31 of block 21 and then to the input 32 of block 24.

VT3-VT6 transistors are powered by a pulse source 6 (outputs 9 and 14). Thus origins VT4 transistors, VT6 connected to the common terminal 14 and the pole 2 battery via the input 33 the block 21, the transistors drains VT3, VT5 connected to terminal 5 of the generator PNLPT 3 and the output voltage terminal 9 U _O impulse source 6 through the inlet 34 the block 21.

The input 29 of the circuit 24 through the input 35 of the block 21 from the output 11 of the block 7 sends the control signals of the transistors of transistors VT3-VT6.

The anodes of the diodes VD2, VD3 are connected respectively to the outputs 22, 23 of the block 21, and the cathodes of the diodes VD2, VD3 are connected by the output 36 and further to the input 4 of the generator 3 and the positive pole 1 of the battery.

Block 7 of the automatic adjustment of the output voltage of the pulse source 6 is made in the form of a unipolar triangular voltage waveform (GTN), the output 11 of which is connected through the resistive divider R2-R4 to the voltage regulation input 10 of the pulse source 6. The output 13 of block 7 is connected to the common wire 12 of the voltage source 6.

The GTN circuit is shown in FIG. 2. The GTN generator is made on a MAX9000 microcircuit and consists of an integrator D1 for creating a triangular-shaped output signal and a comparator D2 with external hysteresis circuits, such as Schmitt trigger, as well as a high-precision RF voltage source of reference voltage 1, 23 V. FIG. 2 in diagrams a), b) shows the shape of the pulses at the points of the circuit indicated by arrows.

It is possible to perform a triangular voltage generator (GTN) of block 7, for example, on a microprocessor and a digital-to-analog converter. In this case, the linear triangular voltage and clock pulses can be generated using microprocessor software.

The transistor control circuit 24 VT3-VT6 of the block 21 is shown in FIG. 3 and contains a differentiating chain consisting of a capacitor C3, an operational amplifier D3 with a feedback resistor R10, a diode VD4, a D-trigger DD1 and two half-bridge drivers DD2, DD3 of the upper and lower arms.

In diagrams a), b), c), d), e) of FIG. Figure 3 shows the pulse shapes at the points of the circuit indicated by arrows.

In the diagram of FIG. 4: T is the pulse repetition period of the triangular voltage pulse, U ₁₁ is the voltage at the output 11 of the triangular voltage pulse generator GTN of block 7 (output 11 of the block 7), U ₉ is the voltage at output 9 of the pulse voltage source 6, U ₂₀ is the reverse voltage connection U _arr at input 20 of integrated circuit 15, U ₃₀ - synchronization voltage at output 30 of block 7, U _VT6 - voltage at the gates of transistors VT3, VT6, U _VT4 - voltage at the gates of transistors VT4, VT5, U _VD2 - voltage at the anode VD2 , U _VD3 - anode voltage VD3, U _R1 - the voltage across the resistor R1, is performed Functions active load consumers.

The device operates as follows.

In the beginning, we consider briefly the standard process of operation of a pulse voltage source 6 in the absence of signals from block 7 (see, for example, B.Yu. Semenov, Power electronics: from simple to complex. - M .: SOLON-Press, 2005. - 179 p. .).

When applying voltage U _in from the battery of the battery to the inputs 4 and 8, the master oscillator 17 generates voltage pulses of a sawtooth shape with a frequency of, for example, 100 kHz (period of 10 μs). The feedback signal, taken in the form of a voltage U _arrester from the output voltage sensor U _o , made in the form of a resistive divider R2, R3, R4, is fed to the inverting input of the error signal amplifier 19 and is compared with the reference voltage of the reference voltage generator 18 U _ref . The key transistor control unit 16 generates rectangular pulse-width modulation pulses PWM from the sawtooth signal of the generator 17 and transfers them to output 22, by which the composite bipolar key transistor VT1-VT2 opens for a period of time t ₀ . The duration t _{0 of} these rectangular pulses depends on the ratio of the voltages U _ref and U _arr . If U _{ref is} greater than U _arr , then the amplifier 19 at the input 23 of block 16 generates a signal to turn on the composite bipolar key transistor VT1-VT2. As soon as U _ref becomes less than or equal to U _arr , the amplifier 19 at the input 23 of block 16 generates a signal to turn off the composite bipolar key transistor VT1-VT2. During time t ₀ (when the composite bipolar key transistor VT1-VT2 is open), the capacitor C1 is charged through the inductance L1. The output voltage U _o and the voltage U _arr feedback increase. The value of U _arr associated with the value of U _{o the} ratio:

where φ and n are, respectively, the rotation angle and the number of full revolutions of the slider of the tuning resistor R3.

As soon as the value of U _arr is equal to or greater than the reference voltage U _{ref of} block 18, the amplifier 19 at the input 23 of block 16 generates the closing signal of the composite bipolar key transistor VT1-VT2. In this case, the inductance L1 through the discharge diode VD2 gives the stored energy to the capacitor C1, and the latter, when the key transistor VT1-VT2 is closed, is discharged to the load R1. The output voltage U _o and the voltage U _ar feedback are reduced. As soon as the value of U _arr is less than the reference voltage U _{ref of} block 18, the amplifier 19 at the input 23 of block 16 generates a signal to open the composite bipolar key transistor VT1-VT2. The capacitor C1 is charged through the inductance L1, the operation of the pulse voltage source 6 in the absence of signals from block 7 is repeated many times according to the procedure described above. In this mode of operation, the pulse voltage source 6 in the absence of signals from block 7 performs the functions of an automatic voltage stabilizer U _o with any changes in the voltage U _in from the battery of the battery at inputs 4 and 8. This is a generally accepted, standard mode of automatic voltage regulation of the U _o pulse voltage source 6 in the absence of external signals from block 7.

To solve the technical problem posed in the present invention, a pulse voltage source 6 is used in the automatic adjustment of the voltage U _out under the influence of external signals from block 7.

The triangular voltage pulses generated at the output of the integrator D1 of the GTN generator (see FIG. 2) are allocated at terminal 11 of block 7 and have the form shown in FIG. 4, graph U ₁₁ (t).

The dependence of U ₁₁ (t) during each period T can be represented as:

where α is the slope constant, V / sec.

This voltage is the sum of the voltage across the resistors R3-R4 of the resistive divider R2-R4, and the voltage U _ar feedback will then be equal to:

where U ₀ is the voltage across resistor R4 at time t = 0.

Using the trimmer resistor R11, the value of U _{0 is} set equal to U _ref . In this case, during the operation of the pulse voltage source 6 at the time t = 0 U _{arr is} greater than or equal to U _{RF of} block 18, the amplifier 19 at the input 23 of the controller 16 generates the closing signal of the composite bipolar key transistor VT1-VT2. The voltage U _out is equal to or close to zero, because the value U _{o6р is} formed due to the external voltage U ₁₁ (t), which is equal at t = 0 U ₀ , i.e. U _ref . Over time t, the value of U ₁₁ (t) decreases. U _arr is also reduced, and the pulse voltage source circuit 6 monitors this decrease in _arr by periodically tearing off the composite bipolar key transistor VT1-VT2, thus increasing the voltage U _out until U _arr is equal to U _ref when U ₁₁ (t) at the current time t. Since U ₁₁ (t) linearly decreases during the first half of period T, the voltage U _o will linearly increase during the first half of period T, and during the second half of period T U ₁₁ (t) will increase linearly, while the voltage U _o will decrease linearly during the second half of period T.

During the period T, the voltage U _{o out} of phase will repeat the unipolar triangular shape U ₁₁ (t) of block 7 (see Fig. 4). Moreover, U _arr during time t does not change in magnitude, because its changes are compensated by automatically monitoring the changes in U _{arrez of} the pulse voltage source 6 with changes in voltage U ₁₁ (t) of block 7 (see Fig. 4, graph U ₂₀ ).

From the output 9 of the pulse voltage source 6, the unipolar triangular voltage U _o goes to the output 5 of the generator 3 and then through the input 34 of the block 21 to the drains of the transistors VT3, VT4.

For the formation in the primary winding W1 of transformer T1 of a different polarity of triangular voltage (current), circuit 24 implements each, for example, an even period of voltage U _o changing the direction of current in the primary winding W1 of transformer T1.

To this end, from the output 11 of block 7, the voltage U ₁₁ (t) is supplied to the input 29 of the circuit 24. Simultaneously, from the output 30 of the block 7, the synchronization pulses arrive at the input 32 of the synchronization circuit 24 of the block 21. The differentiating chain, consisting of a capacitor C3, an operational amplifier D3 of a feedback resistor R10 and a diode VD4, selects from the triangular pulses supplied to the input 29 of the circuit 24 only the edges of the kink of the triangular function and transfers them to the information input D of the D-trigger located in the counting mode. If there is a counting pulse at the counting input C of the D-flip-flop coming from the output 30 of block 7, the D-flip-flop switches from one state to another, for example, from a state with a high voltage level at the output Q and a low voltage level at the inverting output Q of the D-flip-flop to a state with a low voltage level at the output Q and a high voltage level at the inverting output Q.

Upon receipt of the following pulses at the inputs D and C, the state of the D-trigger will change to the opposite. The duration of the pulses at the output Q and the inverting output Q of the D-trigger is equal to the period T of the pulses of the sine function module (see Fig. 4, graph U ₉ ) at the output 11 of block 7 (see Fig. 4, graph U ₁₁ ). The leading and trailing edges of these pulses coincide with the moments of kinks in the output voltage curve U _o at output 9 of source 6 (see Fig. 4, graphs U _VT4 and U _VT6 ). These pulses through the drivers DD3 and DD4 from the outputs 25, 26, 27, 28 are supplied respectively to the gates of the transistors VT3, VT4, VT5, VT6, alternately including pairs of transistors VT3, VT6 or VT4, VT5, see Fig. 4, graphs of U _VT6 and U _VT4 . In this case, the voltage shape at the anodes of the diodes VD2, VD3 will correspond to the voltage shape at the output 9 of the pulse voltage source 6 (VD2 has odd voltage half-waves, and VD3 has even voltage half-waves U _output ), and the current in the primary winding W1 of transformer T1 will have a triangular shape, after each period T alternately change direction to the opposite. In this case, magnetization reversal of the ferromagnetic core and elimination of the influence of residual induction on the energy generation process will be carried out. The current passing through the primary winding W1 is transformed into the secondary winding W2 and then to the load R1. The voltage waveform across resistor R1 is shown in FIG. 4, graph U _R1 (t).

If the load R1 is purely inductive, then at the moments of switching pairs of transistors VT3, VT4 or VT5, VT6, voltage and current surges will appear on the anodes of the diodes VD2, VD3 due to the emf of self-induction of the inductance R1, which open the diode when the transistors VT3 or VT5 close VD2 or VD3, through which at these moments the battery of the battery is charged (energy recovery).

The most effectively proposed device operates at φ = 0. In this case, there are no restrictions on the shape of the voltage U _o (see Fig. 4, graph U ₉ ).

Thus, the proposed method and device allows with minimal energy loss (compared with the prototype) to carry out the process of magnetization reversal of the ferromagnetic core of the transformer, to eliminate the influence of residual induction B _r on the magnitude of the magnetic induction B, to significantly increase the change in magnetic induction B, as well as the relative magnetic permeability μ ferromagnetic material and thus increase the amount of generated energy, as well as the specific power of the whole device.

Information sources

1. B.Yu. Semenov, Power electronics: from simple to complex. - M.: SOLON-Press, 2005 .-- 179 p.

Claims (2)

1. The method of converting the magnetic field energy of a ferromagnetic core into thermal or electrical energy, which consists in the fact that the electric current from the source is converted into a transformer and sent to a heating device that uses a direct current source in the form of a battery, while the direct current is converted into a current linearly varying in time with the help of a voltage linearly varying in time generator, then this current linearly varying in time is sent to the primary transformer winding a rimator, the secondary winding of which is connected to a heating device, while the generator of a linearly varying in time voltage is shunted by a reverse current diode, characterized in that a voltage of a triangular shape is used as a linearly changing time in time, while at the time of a break in the voltage curve of a triangular shape switch the direction of the current in the primary winding of the transformer. 2. A reversible device for converting the magnetic field energy of a ferromagnetic core into thermal or electric energy, containing a source of electric current, a voltage generator linearly varying in time, a diode configured to bypass by reverse current between the input and output, a transformer with primary and secondary windings, moreover, the first input of the generator is connected to the first pole of the electric current source, the second pole of which is connected to the second input of the generator, and the secondary winding of the transformer the ator is connected to a consumer of thermal or electric energy, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a unit for changing the direction of the current in the primary winding of the transformer, while the first input of this unit is connected to the second pole of the electric current source and to the second input of the generator, the second input of this unit is connected by the first the output of the generator, and the first and second outputs of this block are connected respectively to the first and second terminals of the primary winding of the transformer, while the block is configured to change I have the direction of the current in the primary winding of the transformer, and the generator is configured to create a triangular-shaped output voltage linearly varying in time at its output and to synchronize the time instants of the kink of the output voltage curve of the triangular shape with the times of switching the current direction in the primary winding of the transformer.

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