RU2585319C1 - Antenna system for navigation receiver of aerological radiosonde - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electronic equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electronic engineering, to antenna systems and can be used in aerological radio sounders for receiving navigation signals of satellite navigation systems GPS/GLONNAS, etc. Disclosed antenna system for aerological radio sounder navigation receiver includes dipole system made up of two pairs of inverted V-shaped dipole elements lying in perpendicular planes, each dipole is made in form of two vibrators, balancing device in form of short-circuited bridge, power line is of micro strip type, and all elements are made on two printed circuit boards, which are located on common base with filter, navigation receiver GPS/GLONASS itself and driver with USB interface.

EFFECT: high accuracy of measuring navigation parameters of probes in severe dynamic flight conditions.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electronic equipment, to antenna systems and can be used in aerological radiosondes (ARZ) for receiving navigation signals from satellite navigation systems such as GPS / GLONNAS, etc.

A known receiver of GPS navigation signals, which has an antenna with circular polarization, see Yu.A. Soloviev, "Satellite Navigation and Its Applications," ECO-TRENDS, Moscow, 2003, p. 116.

This receiver is designed to work in harsh dynamic conditions of movement of artillery shells and missiles of high-precision weapons. Rockwell-Collins Firms. The receiver operates in conditions after an overload of 15000 d when rotating with a frequency of up to 260 Hz.

The disadvantages of the receiver (and therefore the antenna):

- applicable to heavy shells of caliber 12-15 * inches (weight several hundred kg) and guided bombs, as well as medium-range missiles (all of them weighing more than one ton). From here, this receiver with antenna weighs up to 10 kg. It is evident that for ARZ this, of course, is not suitable;

- the cost of such a receiver is about $ 10,000, and the cost of one ARZ is about $ 25-30, per year, only in Russia ~ 500,000 are launched.

Also, the problem of receiving navigation signals is the “chatter” of the ARZ with strong gusts of wind in the upper atmosphere (up to ± 360 °) and with turbulence of wind flows, which can lead to errors in determining the coordinates of the ARZ. Therefore, increased demands are placed on the antennas of the receivers of navigation signals.

Typically, navigation receivers use either external or internal ceramic plates. These antennas showed themselves well when installed on cars, roll vessels, but in the conditions of use in the ARZ their technical characteristics leave much to be desired.

Circularly polarized dipole antenna US 3196443 A is known from the state of the art, which represents an antenna containing two pairs of mutually perpendicular dipoles from cylindrical conductors lying in one plane, a balancing device in the form of a short-circuited glass, which is capable of emitting and receiving a circular polarized field.

The disadvantages of the described device are:

- design complexity;

- a high coefficient of ellipticity of polarization of the radiated field at small elevation angles.

Known Circularly polarized cross dipole antenna US 6163306 A. The antenna contains two L-shaped elements and a two-wire power line made on a printed circuit board located above the conductive screen. L-shaped elements are arranged so that they form two crossed dipoles, a power line connects the dipoles and a balancing device made on another printed circuit board. An antenna that is capable of emitting and receiving a circular polarization field.

The disadvantage of the described antenna is:

- a high coefficient of ellipticity of polarization of the radiated field at small elevation angles.

As a prototype, consider the Circularly polarized cross dipole antenna US 6271800 B1, which contains a plate-shaped reflector, two crossed dipoles based on four V-shaped cylindrical conductors, a coaxial power line, and a balancing device. V-elements form two pairs, each pair lies in one plane perpendicular to the plane of the other pair, while the plane of the pairs is perpendicular to the reflector. Inside the pairs, the V-elements are arranged so that one arm of each V-element is parallel to one arm of the other V-element, and the free end of this arm is connected to the reflector. Two parallel shoulders of one pair form a balancing device in the form of a short-circuited bridge, in one of the shoulders of which a coaxial line is laid that feeds the dipole formed by this pair. The disadvantage of the described device is:

- design complexity;

- low manufacturability.

An object of the invention is to increase the accuracy of measuring the navigation parameters of the ARZ in severe dynamic flight conditions: turbulence, turbulence, large wind gusts of different signs, etc., as well as improving noise immunity when lifting the ARZ due to radiation from various ground sources.

The technical result is achieved through the use of a single receiver of GPS / GLONASS navigation signals and the use of an original circular polarized vibrator antenna, i.e. in X and Y ordinates.

To solve this problem, an antenna system for a navigation receiver of an aerological radio probe is proposed, containing a dipole system formed of two pairs of inverted V-shaped dipole elements lying in perpendicular planes, each dipole made in the form of two vibrators, a balancing device in the form of a short-circuited bridge, a power line - microstrip, and all elements are made on two printed circuit boards, which are located on a common base with a filter, the actual navigation receiver GPS / GLONASS and the driver with the USB-interface.

In FIG. 1, two general views of an isometric antenna are provided, where

1, 2, 5, 7 - shoulders of dipoles;

3, 4, 14 - points of electrical contact;

6 - L-shaped conductor;

8, 9, 16, 17 - conductors of a balancing device;

10, 11, 12, 13 - shoulders of reflectors;

15 - antenna output.

In FIG. 2, an antenna assembly is provided on a common circuit board with a navigation receiver. The antenna consists of two dielectric plates (not conventionally shown in the figure), which lie in the XOZ and YOZ planes and intersect each other. On the first plate, in the XOZ plane, there are a dipole formed by shoulders 2 and 5, conductors 8 and 16 of a balancing device (not conditionally highlighted in the figure), a reflector formed by shoulders 11 and 12 connected to each other at point 14, while the reflector is perpendicular conductors 8 and 16 and has electrical contact with them at about their own center. The arms of dipole 2 and 5 are orthogonal to each other and are located at an angle to the conductors 8 and 16, while arm 2 and conductor 8 are in contact at point 3, and arm 5 and conductor 16 are in contact at point 4. On the second plate, in a plane parallel to YOZ are located a dipole formed by shoulders 1 and 7, a L-shaped conductor 6, conductors 9 and 17 of a balancing device (not conditionally highlighted in the figure), a reflector formed by shoulders 10 and 13 connected to each other at point 14, while the reflector is perpendicular to the conductors 9 and 17 and has electrical contact with them example but in its own center. The shoulders of dipole 1 and 7 are orthogonal to each other and are located at an angle to the conductors 9 and 17, while the shoulder 1 and conductor 17 are in contact at point 3, and the shoulder 7 and conductor 9 are in contact at point 4. L-shaped conductor 6 is located in the region of the conductor 9, on the opposite side of the second plate, so that it forms an asymmetric strip transmission line with the conductor 9 and part of the conductor 13, one end of which is the output of the antenna 15. The end of the L-shaped conductor, opposite the input 15, is connected to point 3.

The dimensions of both reflectors are (0.52 ÷ 0.55) * λ _cf without taking into account the shortening coefficient due to the end effect and the influence of the dielectric constant of the plate material. The sum of the dipole arm lengths is such that the resonance frequency of one dipole is higher than the average frequency of the operating range, and the resonance frequency of the other is lower. The length of the conductors 8, 9, 16, 17 is not more than 0.25 * λ _cf.

The antenna in the middle of the operating range works as follows.

An electromagnetic wave with circular polarization, which can be represented as the sum of two waves with linear polarizations orthogonal to each other and 90 ° out of phase, is incident on the antenna, with each dipole receiving the corresponding linearly polarized component of the incident wave, and each reflector reflecting. The use of reflectors makes it possible to obtain predominantly one-sided reception of the field by the antenna. Due to the fact that one of the dipoles has a resonant frequency that is higher than the average frequency of the antenna, and the other is smaller, the phase delay between the currents induced on the shoulders of the dipoles is leveled at points 3 and 4, and the electromagnetic energy from the orthogonal dipoles is added in phase. Through the strip transmission line of the balancing device, which is a short-circuited bridge, from the contacts 3-4, the energy enters the output of the antenna 15. The dipole arms at an acute angle to the corresponding conductors of the balancing device can improve the antenna ellipticity coefficient at low elevation angles.

In order to increase the manufacturability of the antenna, the shoulders of the dipoles, the conductors of the balancing device, the L-shaped conductor, and reflectors are made using printed circuit board technology. The antenna structurally consists of two printed circuit boards, interconnected by grooves with subsequent soldering at points 3, 4, 14.

Claims (1)

The antenna system of the navigation receiver of the aerological radiosonde containing a dipole system formed of two pairs of inverted V-shaped dipole elements lying in perpendicular planes, characterized in that each dipole is made in the form of two vibrators, a balancing device in the form of a short-circuited bridge, the power line is a microstrip , and all the elements are made on two printed circuit boards, which are located on a common base with a filter, the actual GPS / GLONASS navigation receiver and a driver with USB-inter interface.

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