RU2584094C2 - Method of measuring inclination angles of objects using magnetic liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: test and measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to test and measurement equipment and may be used to measure inclination angles of objects and equipment installed on them. Angle measurement device mounted to object comprises a vertically arranged panel hollow toroid of paramagnetic material on which is wound a primary winding connected to output of sound generator. Above primary wind is wound a secondary winding comprising two identical sections by covering half of toroid and connected in series in opposite directions, free ends of secondary windings are connected to measuring instrument. Said toroid is half filled with a magnetic fluid.

EFFECT: technical result of disclosed group of inventions is improved measurement accuracy and reduced material and time costs, ensuring linearity of relationship between output signal and inclination angle.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to instrumentation and can be used to measure the tilt angles of objects and equipment installed on them.

State of the art

There are many methods and devices for measuring the angle of inclination of objects. For example:

a) "Device for determining the angle of inclination of objects" (RF Patent No. 2142613, authors Zabolotny A.V., Brovkin B.N., publ. 10.12.1999). The device is a board mounted on the object, made with the possibility of rotation in the plane of its installation. On the board there is a panel with a rigidly connected scale, graduated in a degree measure, and an arrow, always oriented along the plumb line. The panel is equipped with a mechanism that allows it to be rotated and fixed using the locking screw in the required position.

When the object is tilted, the position of the end of the arrow relative to the scale indicates the corresponding roll value in degree measure.

The disadvantages of the device include the following circumstances:

1. Low sensitivity due to dry friction and metal corrosion between the axis and arrow.

2. A low level of measurement accuracy due to the manifestation of the parallax phenomenon and the absence of a nonius.

3. The inability to use the device without a protective screen in conditions of even weak flows of air masses.

b) "A method for determining the angle of inclination and device for its implementation" (RF Patent No. 2455616, author Shadrin AS, publ. 10.07.2012).

The claimed technical solution relates to technology, namely to methods and devices that can determine the angle of inclination of objects in the range from 0 to 180 °, in one or two planes, in discrete or continuous mode. This makes it possible to use it in the creation of sensors and various systems used in robotics, in security alarms, in instrumentation, in automation means of ensuring safety in transport, in mechanical engineering, metallurgy, in other areas of human activity, where it is necessary to determine the ultimate or the real angle of the object.

The device includes a housing with a cover, a rolling surface combined with the inner surface of the housing to create a camera in the housing, a rolling body, an active element located under the rolling surface. At the same time, it is possible to adjust the distance between the active element and the rolling surface. The rolling body may be in the form of a ball, cylinder or disk and may be a permanent magnet. The active element can be made in the form of plates of an electric capacitance, inductance coil, magnetically controlled contact or a Hall sensor.

The disadvantages of the device include the following circumstances:

1. The complexity of manufacturing.

2. Nonlinearity of the dependence of the output signal on the angle of inclination.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and adopted by the authors for the prototype is a device for determining the angle of inclination of objects (RF Patent No. 2397443 "Angle of inclination sensor", authors Gnatyuk VI, Kanevich BC, Tolmachev AN, Kanevich S .V., Gnatyuk N.V., Zaimenko A.A., published on 08.20.2010).

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in schemes for automatic and remote measurement of tilt angles. The device is a tilt angle sensor, consisting of a U-shaped tubular hydraulic level, partially filled with magnetic fluid. The ends of the tube are closed by covers, at one end of the hydraulic level a winding is connected associated with a tuned resistor, a millivoltmeter, and a power source.

When connecting an AC power source to the winding, an alternating current flows through the measured circuit, as recorded by an indicator calibrated in degrees. When the sensor tilt changes, the magnetic resistance decreases due to an increase in the level of magnetic fluid in the tube, which leads to an increase in the current in the circuit, which is registered by an indicator calibrated in degrees. When the sensor tilts in the opposite direction, the magnetic resistance increases due to a decrease in the level of magnetic fluid in the tube, which leads to a decrease in the current in the circuit. The indicator in both cases shows the value of the angle of inclination. Covers provide tightness of magnetic fluid. The device provides remote and automatic determination of the angle of inclination.

The disadvantages of the device include the following circumstances:

1. A small range of measured angles.

2. Low measurement accuracy.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to provide a device that provides a high degree of accuracy in measuring the angle of inclination of objects and equipment installed on them.

The technical result that can be obtained using the present invention is to increase the sensitivity of the device and the accuracy of measurements (sensitivity of the device 0.1 °), reduce material and time costs, ensure the linearity of the dependence of the output signal on the angle of inclination, the possibility of visual reading at the location device in hard to reach places. The present invention allows to determine the angle of inclination of objects in the range from 0 to 180 °. The invention can be used both in discrete and continuous mode. The device can be installed in hard-to-reach places, it can be connected to a computer or other data acquisition system, which will make it easy to carry out the process of collecting, processing and analyzing the received data.

The technical result is achieved by using magnetic fluid in the proposed device (Fertman EE Magnetic fluids. - Minsk: Higher school, 1988. - 184 p.). Magnetic fluids are widely used in instrumentation, industry, and medicine due to their unique abilities to effectively interact with magnetic fields while maintaining fluidity. Despite the fact that they are colloidal solutions of ferromagnets in a liquid medium, they are quite stable and can retain their properties for several decades.

The magnetic parameters of such liquids can have sufficiently large values characteristic of the ferromagnetic state of a substance. So, magnetization can reach about 100 kA / m, and magnetic susceptibility - up to two dozen units. This makes it possible to create a device with which it is possible to measure the angles of rotation of bodies in space in the vertical and horizontal planes.

A device is proposed for measuring the angle of inclination of an object, including a hollow toroid made of paramagnetic material mounted on a vertically mounted panel, on which a primary winding is wound, connected to the output of a sound generator, a secondary winding is wound on top of the primary, containing two identical sections spanning half the toroid and connected in series towards to each other, the free ends of the secondary windings are connected to the measuring device, while the toroid is half filled with magnetic fluid. To measure the angle of inclination of an object with the device described above, a hollow body with a winding filled with magnetic fluid is used and an AC power source is connected to it, while according to the invention, alternating current is passed through the primary winding, when the angle of inclination of the object with a measuring device, the difference in the emf induced in the secondary windings, which is proportional to the angle of inclination of the object.

The essence of the method of measuring the angle of inclination of objects is to use the compensation method for measuring the total emf of induction, which greatly increases the sensitivity and accuracy of measurements compared to the RF patent No. 2397443.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 presents a diagram of a method for measuring the angle of inclination of objects using magnetic fluid, a device for determining the angle of inclination of the object. On a vertically arranged panel 1, a hollow toroid of paramagnetic material 2 is fixed, on which the primary winding 3 is wound with a copper wire connected to the output of the sound generator 4. A secondary winding 5 of the same wire is wound on top of the primary, containing two identical sections, covering half of the toroid and connected sequentially towards each other. The free ends of the secondary windings are connected to the measuring device 6. When passing alternating current through the primary winding, the EMF of the same magnitude with a phase shift of 180 ° relative to each other are induced in the secondary windings, as a result of which the measuring device fixes the difference of the EMF induced in the secondary windings.

The inner volume of the toroid is half filled with a magnetite-type magnetic fluid in kerosene. In the case when the object tilt angle is 0, the signal value recorded by the measuring device is also equal to 0. When the object is tilted, the volume of one coil, free of magnetic fluid, increases (the winding inductance, and hence the emf induced in it, decrease), and the other decreases (inductance windings, and consequently, the EMF induced in it increase), as a result of which the difference in the EMF fixed by the measuring device increases in proportion to the angle of inclination of the object.

Figure 2 presents a calibration graph of the dependence of the angle of inclination of the object on the magnitude of the difference of the EMF induced in the secondary windings.

The implementation of the invention

Examples of specific performance of the method of measuring the angle of the object using magnetic fluid.

Example 1. On a vertically arranged panel, a hollow toroid of paramagnetic material (radius 10 cm, inner diameter 8 mm, outer diameter 9 mm) is fixed, on which the primary winding is wound with a copper wire 1 mm in diameter, connected to the output of the GZ-34 sound generator. On top of the primary winding is wound secondary from the same wire, containing two identical sections, covering half of the toroid and connected in series towards each other. When passing through the primary winding of an alternating current of 0.1 A with a frequency of 1.5 kHz in the secondary windings, an EMF of the same magnitude is induced. The free ends of the secondary windings are connected to the device M890G, which fixes the difference induced in the secondary windings of the EMF. The internal volume of the toroid is half-filled with any magnetic fluid, but in the example, the authors used a magnetite-type magnetic fluid in kerosene with a volume concentration of the magnetic phase of 12%.

In the case when the angle of inclination of the object is 0, the EMF difference recorded by the measuring device is also equal to 0. When the object is tilted, the volume of one coil free from magnetic fluid increases (the winding inductance, and therefore the EMF induced in it, decrease), and the other decreases ( the inductance of the winding, and therefore the EMF induced in it, increases), as a result of which the difference in the EMF fixed by the measuring device increases in proportion to the angle of inclination of the object.

When the angle of inclination changes by 0.5 °, the EMF changes by 1 mV. This indicates a high accuracy of measuring the angle of inclination of objects.

Example 2. On a vertically arranged panel, a hollow toroid of paramagnetic material is fixed (radius 10 cm, inner diameter 8 mm, outer diameter 9 mm), on which the primary winding is wound with a copper wire 1 mm in diameter, connected to the output of the GZ-34 sound generator. On top of the primary, a secondary winding of the same wire is wound, containing two identical sections, covering half of the toroid and connected in series towards each other. The free ends of the secondary windings are connected to the NI PCI-6221 data acquisition device. The internal volume of the toroid is half filled with magnetic fluid (any magnetic fluid can be used, but the magnetite type fluid in vacuum oil with a volume concentration of the magnetic phase of 15% was used in the example). When passing through the primary winding of alternating current 0.2 A with a frequency of 1 kHz in the secondary windings, EMF is induced in proportion to the angle of inclination. As a result of the joint operation of the data acquisition device and specialized software, it becomes possible to directly determine the angle of inclination, time-base scan of the received data, as well as their accumulation with the possibility of subsequent analysis. The proposed device and method allows to determine the angle of inclination in places difficult to visualize, and also reduce material and time costs.

Thus, the method for determining the angle of inclination of objects using magnetic fluid allows you to quickly, efficiently and easily determine the angle of inclination, as well as accumulate and analyze the data.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

1. High level of sensitivity.

2. High level of measurement accuracy.

3. The possibility of visual reading when the device is located in hard-to-reach places.

4. The ability to save the history of the behavior of the object.

Claims (2)

1. A device for measuring the angle of inclination of an object, including a hollow toroid of paramagnetic material mounted on a vertically mounted panel, on which a primary winding is wound, connected to the output of a sound generator, a secondary winding is wound on top of the primary, containing two identical sections, covering half of the toroid and connected in series towards each other, the free ends of the secondary windings are connected to the measuring device, while the toroid is half filled with magnetic fluid. 2. The method of measuring the angle of inclination of an object by the device according to claim 1, comprising using a hollow body with a winding filled with magnetic fluid, and connecting an alternating current power source to it, characterized in that alternating current is passed through the primary winding when the angle of inclination of the object is measured the device records the difference in the EMF induced in the secondary windings, which is proportional to the angle of inclination of the object.

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