RU2584045C2 - Rocket booster and assembly method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rocket and space technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aerospace engineering, particularly to design of rocket boosters. Rocket booster comprises a cryogenic oxidiser tank and a fuel tank in form of hollow torus segments, double-loop truss, housing compartment and boosters. External circuit connected to lower frame two-girder is docked to housing compartment. To frame of inner loop of the double-loop truss is connected a power ring, on which there is a cruise engine. Along outer loop of cryogenic oxidiser tank and fuel tank are hinged adjustable rods. Along inner loop of cryogenic oxidiser tank and fuel tank are connected to power ring hinged adjustable tie-rods.

EFFECT: technical effect consists in creation of rocket accelerating unit, which ensures delivery of payloads to target orbits using existing carrier rockets ultra-light class with maximum use of structural elements.

2 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rocket and space technology, and in particular to the design of rocket booster blocks that are part of space rockets intended to be brought from the reference orbit to the working energy orbits of various space objects - payloads.

At present, in space projects, rocket booster blocks of the DM, Frigate, and Breeze types are being successfully operated. However, all these booster blocks have significant thrust-weight ratio for their class and are used to put payloads weighing from ~ 3000 to 6200 kg into geo-transition orbit.

Recently, it became necessary to put payloads weighing about 500 kg into the target orbit. These are modern scientific and technical spacecraft and Earth remote sensing devices.

For such tasks, the above blocks are oversized and overweight, as a result of which their efficiency is significantly reduced, therefore, a rocket booster block of less thrust-weight ratio and less weight is needed.

Known liquid rocket propulsion system according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2187010, containing fuel tanks and oxidizer, made in the form of segments of a hollow torus with bottoms at the ends and the engine. The presented propulsion system can be used as part of a rocket booster unit, however, since the tanks are interconnected by structural elements in the form of a truss (frame), which, when using the cryogenic fuel component together with non-cryogenic due to their temperature difference, will lead to the inevitable deformation of thin-walled shells of tanks , or additional temperature compensators will be required.

Known rocket booster block according to the patent of the Russian Federation 24120088, containing a cryogenic oxidizer tank, fuel tank, main engine, body compartment, double-circuit farm - prototype.

In this booster block, a spherical cryogenic oxygen tank and a fuel torus tank are used. The tanks are connected to each other by body elements: a cryogenic tank suspension truss, an adapter, and a double-circuit truss, which is docked to the adapter with its upper frame; a torus fuel tank is fixed to the outer rods of the farm, and a marching engine, which is located in the internal space of the fuel tank, is docked to the inner rods.

When assembling the booster block, the booster module is used. The booster module includes: tank block and main engine. The module is inserted from above into the housing compartment and secured to its upper frame, thus forming a finally assembled booster block.

A similar block was developed in the second half of the 20th century for the exploration of the moon and is currently used in various modifications (including the version according to the patent of the Russian Federation 24120088). To accomplish this task, the prototype is oversized and has excess weight.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a rocket booster block in order to bring payloads to target orbits using ultra-lightweight launch vehicles with the maximum use of structural elements and systems mastered by the industry and requiring minimal costs for their development.

This problem is solved due to the fact that in a rocket booster block containing a cryogenic oxidizer tank and a fuel tank, made in the form of segments of a hollow torus with bottoms at the ends, a double-circuit truss, a hull compartment and a marching engine are docked to the lower frame of the external contour of a double-circuit truss compartment. A power ring is attached to the frame of the internal contour of the bypass farm, on which the main engine is mounted. Along the outer contour, the cryogenic oxidizer tank and the fuel tank are fixed to the housing compartment by articulated adjustable rods, with articulated adjustable rods at one end fixed to the upper frame of the housing compartment and the other end to the power elements of the cryogenic oxidizer tank and fuel tank, respectively. Along the inner contour, the cryogenic oxidizer tank and the fuel tank are connected to the power ring by articulated adjustable extensions, the articulated adjustable extensions being fixed at one end to the power ring and to the power elements of the oxidizer cryogenic tank and fuel tank at the other end, respectively.

This problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of assembling a rocket booster block, including placing the hull compartment in a vertical position, the cryogenic oxidizer tank and fuel tank are first introduced from above into the hull compartment, and they are pre-fixed to the upper frame of the hull compartment using articulated adjustable rods . Next, a power ring is installed on the frame of the internal circuit of the double-circuit farm, and then the double-circuit farm is installed on the body compartment, fixing the rods of the external circuit of the double-circuit farm to the upper frame of the housing compartment, after which the assembled structure is lifted, the main engine is introduced into the space limited by the cryogenic oxidizer tank and the tank fuel, the main engine is fixed to the power ring, and the cryogenic oxidizer tank and the tank are previously connected by hinged adjustable stretch marks fuel with power ring. Then the articulated adjustable rods and articulated adjustable stretch marks finally set the positions of the tanks and the main engine relative to each other, bypass farm and the body compartment.

In FIG. 1, 2, 3 and 4 depict a rocket booster block and its fragments, in FIG. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 show the phases of assembly of the rocket block, where:

1. cryogenic oxidizer tank;

2. fuel tank;

3. double-circuit farm;

4. cabinet compartment;

5. marching engine;

6. the upper frame of the bypass farm;

7. spacecraft adapter;

8. the lower frame of the outer contour of the bypass farm;

9. lower frame of the body compartment;

10. booster;

11. the frame of the inner contour of the bypass farm;

12. power ring;

13. articulated adjustable traction;

14. the upper frame of the housing compartment;

15. power elements;

16. articulated adjustable stretch marks;

17. electrical and pneumohydraulic elements;

18. attachments;

19. technological stand;

20. rods of the outer contour of a bypass farm;

21. space limited by a cryogenic oxidizer tank and a fuel tank;

22. head fairing.

In a rocket booster block containing a cryogenic oxidizer tank 1 and a fuel tank 2, made in the form of segments of a hollow torus with bottoms at the ends, a double-circuit truss 3, a body compartment 4 and a main engine 5, while the upper frame of the double-circuit truss 6 is made in the form of a frame, providing docking with the adapter of the spacecraft 7. The hull compartment 4 is docked to the lower frame of the outer contour of the bypass farm 8, and the booster rocket 10 is docked to the lower frame of the hull compartment 9. of the truss 11 is docked with a power ring 12, on which the main engine is mounted 5. Along the outer contour, the cryogenic oxidizer tank 1 and the fuel tank 2 are fixed to the housing compartment 4 by articulated adjustable rods 13, and the articulated adjustable rods 13 are fixed at one end to the upper frame of the housing compartment 14 and the other end to the power elements 15 of the cryogenic oxidizer tank 1 and the fuel tank 2, respectively. Along the inner contour, the cryogenic oxidizer tank 1 and the fuel tank 2 are connected to the power ring 12 by articulated adjustable extensions 16, the articulated adjustable extensions 16 being fixed at one end to the power ring 12 and to the power elements 15 of the cryogenic oxidizer 1 tank and fuel tank 2 at the other end respectively. On the inner surface of the housing compartment 4, for example, electric and pneumohydraulic elements 17 can be installed that connect the rocket booster to the launch vehicle 10 and the launch complex structures. Attachments 18 of the rocket booster block, for example, can be placed on the rods of the bypass farm 3 and (or) on the shells of the tanks 1 and 2.

As the power elements 15 can be applied transverse and longitudinal frames or brackets mounted on the shells of tanks 1 and 2.

The articulated adjustable rods 13 and articulated adjustable extensions 16 provide, respectively, at the stage of assembly of the rocket booster block, the necessary position of the tanks 1 and 2 and the main engine 5 due to their adjustment both in length and in angle. During operation of the rocket booster block as part of a space rocket, the displacement of tanks 1 and 2 from the effects of static and dynamic loads is compensated for by the rotation of the said rods 13 and braces 16 in spherical joints.

Installation of attachments 18 on the elements of the rocket upper stage is carried out in the process of its phased assembly.

In a method for assembling a rocket booster block comprising placing the body compartment 4 in a vertical position, first, a cryogenic oxidizer tank 1 and a fuel tank 2 are introduced from above into the housing compartment 4, and they are pre-fixed to the upper frame of the housing compartment 14 using articulated adjustable rods 13. Next on the frame of the inner circuit of the dual-circuit farm 11, a power ring 12 is installed, and then the dual-circuit farm 3 together with the power ring 12 is installed on the housing compartment 4, fixing the rods of the external circuit two of the farm 20 to the upper frame of the housing compartment 14, after which the assembled structure is lifted, the main engine 5 is introduced into the space bounded by the cryogenic oxidizer tank and the fuel tank 21, the main engine 5 is fixed to the power ring 12, and the cryogenic tank is previously hinged with adjustable braces 16 oxidizer 1 and fuel tank 2 with a power ring 12. Then the articulated adjustable rods 13 and articulated adjustable braces 16 finally set the positions of the tanks 1 and 2 and the main engine 5 tnositelno each other dual-farm housing compartment 3 and 4.

The proposed rocket booster block operates as follows.

During the flight of the launch vehicle 10 after passing through the dense layers of the atmosphere, the head fairing 22 is separated at the junction with the upper frame of the hull compartment 14 of the rocket booster block. After the launch vehicle 10 is completed, the rocket booster unit is separated and the main engine 5 is launched. Next, the carrier rocket 10, together with the rocket booster block, is loaded into the target orbit, after which it is separated.

All the constituent elements of the proposed rocket booster block are produced by domestic industry.

The proposed configuration provides for the creation of a rocket booster in order to launch payloads into target orbits using existing ultra-lightweight launch vehicles with the maximum use of structural elements and systems manufactured by the industry and requiring minimal costs for their development.

Claims (2)

1. The rocket booster block containing a cryogenic oxidizer tank and a fuel tank, made in the form of segments of a hollow torus with bottoms at the ends, a double-circuit truss, a hull compartment and a marching engine, characterized in that the upper frame of the double-circuit truss is made in the form of a frame providing docking with spacecraft adapter; to the lower frame of the outer contour of the bypass farm docked housing compartment; a power ring is attached to the frame of the internal contour of the bypass farm, on which the main engine is mounted; along the outer contour, the cryogenic oxidizer tank and the fuel tank are fixed to the body compartment by articulated adjustable rods, the articulated adjustable rods being fixed at one end to the upper frame of the housing compartment and the other end to the power elements of the cryogenic oxidizer tank and fuel tank, respectively; along the inner contour, the cryogenic oxidizer tank and the fuel tank are connected to the power ring by articulated adjustable extensions, the articulated adjustable extensions being fixed at one end to the power ring and to the power elements of the oxidizer cryogenic tank and fuel tank at the other end, respectively. 2. A method of assembling a rocket booster block, including placing the hull compartment in a vertical position, characterized in that the cryogenic oxidizer tank and fuel tank are introduced first from above into the hull compartment, and they are pre-fixed to the upper frame of the hull compartment using articulated adjustable rods, then on the ring of the internal circuit of the bypass farm install a power ring, and then the bypass farm is installed on the housing compartment, securing the rods of the external circuit of the bypass farm to the upper frame of the housing compartment, after which the assembled structure is lifted, the main engine is introduced into the space bounded by the cryogenic oxidizer tank and the fuel tank, the main engine is fixed to the power ring, and the cryogenic oxidizer tank and the fuel tank are previously connected with hinged adjustable extensions, then the hinged tank adjustable rods and articulated adjustable stretch marks finally set the positions of the tanks and the main engine relative to each other, double-circuit fairy rma and case compartment.

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